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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double-blind study of the effect of cisapride on constipation and abdominal discomfort as components of the irritable bowel syndrome (1997)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim: To study the effect of prokinetic treatment with cisapride in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Patients and methods: Ninety-six patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either cisapride 5 mg three times daily or placebo three times daily for a period of 12 weeks. The dosage could be doubled after 4 weeks. Presence of the target symptoms abdominal pain, constipation and abdominal bloating was an obligatory criterion for inclusion in the study. Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, 31%, 56% and 27% of the cisapride treated patients were found to be without the three target symptoms (P〈0.05). The corresponding percentages for the placebo-treated patients were 31%, 58% and 19%, respectively, (P〈0.05). The visual analogue scale (VAS) symptom scores assessed by the patients for global rating of bowel disease, general well-being and frequency of stool passage improved significantly within each treatment group (P〈0.05). Evaluation of efficacy parameters using intention-to-treat analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the groups. Using efficacy analysis, the difficulty of stool passage showed a significantly higher improvement with cisapride (P〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:02692813:APT133:les" location="les.gif"/〉0.05). Conclusions: These results indicate that cisapride is not superior to placebo in the treatment of constipation and abdominal discomfort as components of irritable bowel syndrome. It may, hovever, be of use in improving the difficulty of stool passage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.133311000.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron Diffraction by the Flux Line Lattice in YBa2Cu3O7−δ Single Crystals (1997)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 30 (1997), S. 571-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Small-angle neutron diffraction was used to image the mixed state in a large superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystal. The flux line lattice was observed in fields up to 2 T at various temperatures from 2.4 to 80 K. The integrated intensity I of the (10) reflection was calculated as a function of temperature for three different fields (0.8, 1 and 2 T). From these I(T) curves, the magnetic penetration depth λ(T) was obtained on an absolute scale. This quantity is of particular interest, since it provides information on the nature of the pairing mechanism in the superconductor, i.e. the symmetry of the wavefunction of the electron pairs. The results are discussed in terms of BCS theory (s-wave pairing) and of d-wave pairing with and without impurity scattering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889897001854
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-pressure crystal chemistry of chromous orthosilicate, Cr2SiO4. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic absorption spectroscopy study (1999)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 26 (1999), S. 446-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Key words Chromous silicate ; High-pressure ; Crystal chemistry ; Chromium dimer ; Metal-metal bonding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The high-pressure behaviour of chromous orthosilicate, Cr2SiO4, has been studied by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic absorption spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction data show that the structure remains orthorhombic to the highest pressure reached of 9.22 GPa. The compressibility of the unit-cell is strongly anisotropic with the c axis approximately six times more compressible than the a and b axes. A third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state fitted to the volume-pressure data yields V 0 = 610.10(3) Å3, K = 94.7(4) GPa, K′ = 8.32(14). Cr2SiO4 is therefore more compressible than the isostructural Cd analogue, even though its molar volume is smaller. This unusual behaviour can be attributed to the fact that the Cr atom is too small for the six-coordinated site that it occupies, and the site is therefore strongly distorted. Structure refinements indicate that under high pressures the Cr atom remains strongly displaced from the central position of the octahedron. Polarized and unpolarized electronic absorption spectra include a strong absorption band occuring at 18.300 cm−1 for E//c (which is parallel to the shortest Cr-Cr vector in the structure) which has an unusually large half width (5000 cm−1), indicative of electronic interaction between metal centres. Deconvolution of unpolarized high-pressure spectra show that the relative integrated intensity of this component increases linearly from 40% at 1 bar to 60% at 11.2 GPa. Both the structural changes and the absorption spectra at high pressures suggest that pairs of adjacent Cr atoms in chromous orthosilicate form chromium dimers with a weak metal-metal bond, which is consistent with the diamagnetic response found at ambient pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002690050207
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mezlocillin- und Oxacillin-Konzentrationen in der Galle des Ductus choledochus (1982)
    Springer
    Infection 10 (1982), S. S209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The purpose of this study was to determine the antibiotic concentrations in serum and bile one and two hours after the completion of a simultaneous short-term infusion of 4 g mezlocillin and 2 g oxacillin. Seven patients were studied. Bile was withdrawn from the bile duct by means of a Teflon catheter. The mean serum concentrations of mezlocillin were 130.4 mg/l and 60.8 mg/l one and two hours after the end of the infusion, respectively. The mean serum concentrations of oxacillin determined at the same times were 57.9 mg/l and 18.9 mg/l, respectively. The mean biliary levels of mezlocillin were 3215.6 mg/l and 2483.1 mg/l one and two hours after the end of the infusion, respectively. The corresponding mean biliary values for oxacillin were 497.3 mg/l and 205.5 mg/l.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Antibiotika-Konzentrationen im Serum und in der Galle ein bis zwei Stunden nach Beendigung einer simultanen Kurzinfusion von 4 g Mezlocillin und 2 g Oxacillin zu ermitteln. Es wurden sieben Patienten in die Studie einbezogen. Gallenflüssigkeit wurde aus dem Ductus choledochus mittels eines Teflonkatheters entnommen. Der Mittelwert der Serumkonzentrationen von Mezlocillin lag eine Stunde nach Infusionsende bei 130,4 mg/l, zwei Stunden nach Infusionsende bei 60,8 mg/l. Die entsprechenden Mittelwerte der Oxacillin-Serumkonzentrationen lagen zu den gleichen Meßzeitpunkten bei 57,9 mg/l bzw. bei 18,9 mg/l. Die Mittelwerte der Mezlocillin-Konzentrationen in der Gallenflüssigkeit betrugen eine Stunde nach Infusionsende 3215,6 mg/l und nach zwei Stunden 2483,1 mg/l. Die entsprechenden Mittelwerte der Oxacillin-Konzentrationen lagen bei 497,3 mg/l bzw. bei 205,5 mg/l.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01640674
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of spasmolytic analgesics on motility of sphincter of oddi (1996)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 41 (1996), S. 1814-1818 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: endoscopy ; digestive system ; analgesics ; bile duct ; biliary tract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects on the sphincter of Oddi of intravenous administration of dipyrone, 2.5 g; tramadol, 50 mg; indomethacin, 75 mg;N-butylscopolamine, 20 mg; and nitroglycerin, 1 mg, in comparison to physiological saline were assessed in a single-blind study in 36 patients hospitalized with upper abdominal pain. Basal sphincter pressure and sphincter motility were measured for a 5-min period after treatment by endoscopic manometry. Nitroglycerin and dipyrone both caused a significant fall in basal sphincter pressure, whileN-butylscopolamine and nitroglycerin produced a significant decrease in contraction frequency. Therefore, dipyrone, in contrast to tramadol and indomethacin, exhibits spasmolytic activity in addition to analgesia in biliary pain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02088751
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cisapride on relapse of esophagitis (1993)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 38 (1993), S. 551-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: cisapride ; reflux esophagitis ; endoscopic relapse ; symptomatic relapse ; prokinetic treatment ; prognostic factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of a prokinetic agent, cisapride, on the relapse of reflux esophagitis was investigated in a randomized, double-blind trial conducted in 443 patients whose esophagitis had previously been healed with an acid antisecretory drug. Patients received cisapride, 20 mg at night, cisapride 10 mg twice daily, or placebo for 12 months or until endoscopic relapse was confirmed endoscopically. In 88% of all patients (respectively 133, 132, and 124), endoscopic data were available at discontinuation of treatment. In comparison with placebo, the two cisapride regimens prolonged both the time to endoscopically confirmed relapse (Kaplan-Meier analysis;P=0.001) and the time to symptomatic relapse (P=0.012). The life-table endoscopic relapse rates at 12 months were 51% for placebo, 32% for cisapride 20 mg at night (P=0.005), and 34% for cisapride 10 mg twice daily (P=0.02). Patients with more severe esophagitis before healing relapsed more rapidly during maintenance therapy, regardless of the treatment regimen. Adverse events were infrequent in all three groups. These findings indicate that maintenance treatment with the prokinetic drug cisapride prevents the relapse of esophagitis after it has been healed by acid antisecretory therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01316514
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