Note: Front Cover -- The Enzymes: Carboxylation and Decarboxylation (Nonoxidative) Isomerization -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Contents of Other Volumes -- Chapter 1. Pyruvate Carboxylase -- I. Introduction -- II. Properties and Mechanism -- III. Structure -- IV. Regulatory Properties -- V. Conclusion -- Chapter 2. Acyl-CoA Carboxylases -- I. Introduction -- II. β-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase -- III. Propionyl-CoA Carboxylase -- IV. Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase -- Chapter 3. Transcarboxylase -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties of Transcarboxylase -- III. Catalytic Properties of Transcarboxylase -- Chapter 4. Formation of Oxalacetate by C02 Fixation on Phosphoenolpyruvate -- I. Introduction -- II. Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (PEPC) -- III. Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) -- IV. Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxytransphosphorylase (PEPCTrP) -- V. Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 5. Ribulose-1,5-Diphosphate Carboxylase -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. Catalytic Process -- Chapter 6. Ferredoxin-Linked Carboxylation Reactions -- I. Introduction -- II. Enzymes Catalyzing Ferredoxin-Linked Carboxylation Reactions -- III. Reductive Carboxylic Acid Cycle of Bacterial Photosynthesis -- IV. Reductive Monocarboxylic Acid Cycle of Fermentative Metabolism -- V. Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 7. Amino Acid Decarboxylases -- I. Introduction -- II. Metabolic Importance of the Decarboxylases -- III. Distribution and General Properties of Decarboxylases -- IV. Mechanism of Action -- V. The Active Site of Amino Acid Decarboxylases -- VI. Subunit Structure -- Chapter 8. Acetoacetate Decarboxylase -- I. Introduction -- II. Properties of the Enzyme -- III. Catalytic Properties -- Chapter 9. Aldose-Ketose Isomerases -- I. Introduction -- II. Glucose-6-phosphate Isomerase. , III. Mannose-6-phosphate Isomerase -- IV. Glucosamine-6-phosphate Isomerase -- V. Ribose-5-phosphate Isomerase -- VI. Arabinose-5-phosphate Isomerase -- VII. Triosephosphate Isomerase -- VIII. Aldose-Ketose Isomerases Acting on Nonphosphorylated Sugars -- Chapter 10. Epimerases -- I. Introduction -- II. UDP-D-Glucose 4'-Epimerase -- III. Other Epimerases That Potentially Involve Oxidation-Reduction -- IV. Epimerases Which Probably Proceed by a Keto-Enol Rearrangement -- V. Noncarbohydrate Epimerases -- Chapter 11. Cis-Trans lsomerization -- I. Enzymic Cis-Trans Isomerization about Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds -- II. Nonenzymic Cis-Trans Isomerization about Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds -- Chapter 12. Phosphomutases -- I. Introduction -- II. Phosphoglucomutase -- III. Other Sugar Phosphate Mutases -- IV. Phosphoglycerate Mutase -- V. Diphosphoglycerate Mutase -- Chapter 13. Amino Acid Racemases and Epimerases -- I. Introduction -- II. History and Survey -- III. Assay Methods -- IV. Specificity, Equilibria, and Kinetics -- V. Cofactors -- VI. Mechanism of Action -- VII. Physiological Aspects -- Chapter 14. Coenzyme B12-Dependent Mutases Causing Carbon Chain Rearrangements -- I. Introduction -- II. Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase -- III. Glutamate Mutase -- IV. α-Methyleneglutarate Mutase -- Chapter 15. B12 Coenzyme-Dependent Amino Group Migrations -- I. Introduction -- II. Deaminases -- III. Enzymes That Catalyze Migrations of ω-Amino Groups of Diamino Acids -- IV. Reaction Mechanisms -- V. Role of Amino Group Migration Reactions in Bacterial Fermentations -- Chapter 16. lsopentenylpyrophosphate Isomerase -- I. Introduction -- II. The Catalytic Reaction -- Chapter 17. lsomerization in the Visual Cycle -- I. Introduction -- II. Site of Visual Pigments in the Photoreceptor -- III. Molecular Properties of Visual Pigments. , IV. Interaction of Light with Visual Pigment -- V. Visual Pigment Regeneration following Illumination -- Retinal Isomerase -- VI. Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 18. Δ5-3-Ketosteroid Isomerase -- I. Introduction -- II. Δ5-3-Ketosteroid Isomerase of Pseudomonas testosteroni -- III. Δ5-3-Ketosteroid Isomerases of Animal Tissues -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- The Enzymes -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Contents of Other Volumes -- Chapter 1. Polypeptide Chain Initiation -- I. Introduction -- II. Procaryotes -- III. Eucaryotes -- IV. Regulation of Chain Initiation -- Chapter 2. Protein Synthesis-Peptide Chain Elongation -- I. Introduction -- II. The Bacterial Elongation Factors -- III. Elongation and the Ribosome -- IV. Elongation and the Stringent Response -- V. EF-Tn and EF-Ts as Subunits of Q/β Repticase -- VI. Plant Viral RNA's and Their 3'-Terminal tRNA-Like Sequence -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 3. Polypeptide Chain Termination -- I. Introduction -- II. Requirements for Peptide Chain Termination -- III. Mechanism of Peptide Chain Termination -- IV. The Relationship of Peptide Chain Termination to Other Events of Protein Synthesis -- V. Summary -- Chapter 4. Bacterial DNA Polymerases -- I. Variety of DNA Polymerases -- II. Isolation and Physicochemical Properties -- III. The Catalytic Reactions -- IV. Proteolytic Cleavage: Two Enzymes in One Polypeptide -- V. Physiological Roles -- VI. Comparison of Properties of Polymerases -- Chapter 5. Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase -- I. Introduction -- II. The Nature of the Reaction -- III. The Statistics of Polymerization -- IV. The Mechanism of the Reaction -- V. Practical Applications of Transferase Catalysis -- VI. Biological Directions -- Chapter 6. Eucaryotic DNA Polymerases -- I. Introduction -- II. Occurrence -- III. Classification -- IV. Purification -- V. Molecular Properties -- VI. Catalytic Properties -- VII. Fidelity of DNA Synthesis -- VIII. Templates and Initiators -- IX. Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 7. RNA Tumor Virus DNA Polymerases -- I. Introduction -- II. RNA Virus with a Virion DNA Polymerase -- III. Purification -- IV. Properties of Purified DNA Polymerases. , V. Properties of Catalytic Reaction -- VI. Inhibitors -- VII. Biological Role -- VIII. Comparison with Other DNA Polymerases -- Chapter 8. DNA Joining Enzymes (Ligases) -- I. Introduction -- II. Isolation and Physical Properties of E. coli DNA Ligase -- III. Mechanism of Phosphodiester Bond Synthesis -- IV. Role of DNA Ligase in Vivo -- Chapter 9. Eucaryotic RNA Polymerases -- I. Introduction -- II. Nuclear Enzymes -- III. Organelle DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases -- IV. Conclusions -- Chapter 10. Bacterial DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase -- I. Background -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. Catalytic Properties -- Chapter 11. Mitochondrial and Chloroplast ATPases -- I. Introduction -- II. Mitochondria ATPase -- III. Chloroplast ATPase -- Chapter 12. Bacterial Membrane ATPase -- I. Introduction -- II. Streptococcus faecalis Membrane ATPase -- III. Other Bacterial ATPases -- Chapter 13. Sarcoplasmic Membrane ATPases -- I. Introduction -- II. Sarcoplasmic Membranes in Situ -- III. Isolated Sarcoplasmic Membranes -- IV. Composition of the Sarcoplasmic Membranes -- V. Physical Properties of the Lipoprotein Structure of the Sarcoplasmi Membranes -- VI. Calcium-Independent and Calcium-Dependent ATP Hydrolysis -- VII. Calcium Binding and Transport by the Sarcoplasmic Membranes -- VIII. Calcium Efflux-Dependent ATP Synthesis -- IX. Reaction Sequence of Calcium Translocation and Phosphoryl Transfer -- X. The Function of the Lipids in the Sarcoplasmic Membranes -- Chapter 14. Fatty Acyl-CoA Synthetases -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties of Acetate:CoA Ligase (AMP) -- III. Catalytic Properties of the Fatty Acid:CoA Iigases (AMP) -- Chapter 15. Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases -- I. Introduction -- II. Occurrence and Distribution -- III. Molecular Properties of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases -- IV. Catalytic Properties -- V. tRNA. , VI. Genetics of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases -- VII. Regulation of the Biosynthesis of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases -- VIII. Involvement of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases in the Regulation -- IX. Conclusion -- Chapter 16. CTP Synthetase and Related Enzymes -- I. Introduction -- II. History -- III. Purification of the Enzyme -- IV. The Structure of CTP Synthetase -- V. The Covalent Chemistry of CTP Synthetase Reaction -- VI. The Allosteric Control-GTP -- VII. Cooperative Effects -- VIII. DON and Half-of-the-Sites Reactivity -- IX. The Role of ATP and UTP -- X. Related Enzymes -- XI. Conclusion -- Chapter 17. Asparagine Synthesis -- I. Introduction -- II. Asparagine Synthetases from Bacterial Sources -- III. Glutamine-Dependent Asparagine Synthetase -- IV. Discussion -- Chapter 18. Succinyl-CoA Synthetase -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. Catalytic Properties -- Chapter 19. Phorphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase and Related Pyrophosphokinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase -- III. Other Pyrophosphokinases -- IV. Conclusion -- Chapter 20. Phosphoenolpyruvate Synthetase and Pyruvate Phosphate Dikinase -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. Catalytic Properties -- Chapter 21. Sulfation Linked to ATP Cleavage -- I. Introduction -- II. ATP-Sulfurylase -- III. Adenylylsulfate Kinase -- IV. ADP-Sulfurylase -- V. Regulation and Control -- Chapter 22. Glutathione Synthesis -- I. Introduction -- II. γ-Glutamyl-Cysteine Synthetase -- III. Glutathione Synthetase -- IV. General Discussion -- Chapter 23. Glutamine Synthetase of Mammals -- I. Introduction -- II. Physical and Chemical Properties -- III. General Catalytic Properties -- IV. Partial Reactions -- V. Evidence for the Intermediate Formation of y-Glutamyl Phosphate -- VI. Mapping of the Active Site -- VII. Mechanism of the Reaction. , VIII. Regulation of Glutamine Synthetase Activity -- Chapter 24. The Glutamine Synthetase of Escherichia coli: Structure and Control -- I. Introduction -- II. General Considerations -- III. Regulation of Glutamine Synthetase Activity -- IV. Properties of Adenylylated and Unadenylylated Glutamine Synthetase -- V. Multiple Molecular Forms of Glutamine Synthetase -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- The Enzymes, Volume XII -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Contents of Other Volumes -- Chapter 1. Iron-Sulfur Proteins -- I. Introduction -- II. Proteins with One Iron per Center: The Rubredoxins -- III. Proteins with Two Irons per Center: Two-Iron Ferredoxins -- IV. Proteins with Four Irons per Center -- V. Proteins with Four Irons per Center and Two Centers: 8 Fe Iron-Sulfur Proteins -- Bacterial Ferredoxins -- VI. Model Compounds -- VII. Iron-Sulfur Enzymes -- Chapter 2. Flavodoxins and Electron-Transferring Flavoproteins -- I. Introduction -- II. Flavodoxins -- III. Electron-Transferring Flavoprotein -- Chapter 3. Oxygenases: Dioxygenases -- I. Introduction -- II. Heme-Containing Dioxygenases -- III. Nonheme Iron-Containing Dioxygenases -- IV. α-Ketoglutarate Dioxygenases -- Chapter 4. Flavin and Pteridine Monooxygenases -- I. Introduction -- II. Internal Flavoprotein Monooxygenases -- III. External Flavoprotein Monooxygenases -- IV. Pterin-Linked Monooxygenases -- V. Model Studies and Possible Mechanisms -- Chapter 5. Iron- and Copper-Containing Monooxygenases -- I. Introduction -- II. Occurrence and Biological Importance -- III. Iron-Containing Monooxygenases -- IV. Copper-Containing Monooxygenases -- Chapter 6. Molybdenum Iron-Sulfur Flavin Hydroxylases and Related Enzymes -- I. General Introduction -- II. Milk Xanthine Oxidase -- III. Other Molybdenum Hydroxylases -- IV. Genetic Studies and the Molybdenum Hydroxylases -- V. Sulfite Oxidase of Liver -- Chapter 7. Flavoprotein Oxidases -- I. Introduction -- II. The Flavin Coenzyme -- III. Kinetic Methods Applied to Flavoprotein Oxidases -- IV. The Flavoprotein Oxidases: Molecular Properties and Kinetic Mechanism -- V. The Chemical Mechanism of Flavoprotein Oxidases -- Chapter 8. Copper-Containing Oxidases and Superoxide Dismutase. , I. Introduction -- II. Enzymes Reducing Dioxygen to Hydrogen Peroxide -- III. Superoxide Dismutase -- IV. The Blue Copper-Containing Oxidases -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- The Enzymes: Nucleic Acids -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Section I. Ligases -- Chapter 1. DNA Ligases -- I. Introduction -- II. Isolation and Physical Properties -- III. Catalytic Properties -- IV. Role of DNA Ligases in Vivo -- V. Research Applications -- Chapter 2. T4 RNA Ligase -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification and Properties -- III. Reactions Catalyzed -- IV. Biological Role -- V. Applications -- Section II. RNA Polymerares and Related Enzymes -- Chapter 3. Bacterial DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases -- I. Background -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. Catalytic Properties -- Chapter 4. Bacteriophage DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases -- I. Introduction -- II. T7-Like RNA Polymerases -- III. Other Bacteriophage RNA Polymerases -- Chapter 5. Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification -- III. Subunit Structures -- IV. Subunit Functions -- V. Stimulatory Factors -- VI. DNA Binding and Catalytic Properties of Purified RNA Polymerases -- VII. Inhibitors -- VIII. Eukaryotic Transcription Extract Systems -- IX. Organelle- and Viral-Coded RNA Polymerases -- Chapter 6. Priming Enzymes -- I. Introduction -- II. dnaG Gene Product from Escherichia coli -- III. Multiple Pathways for dnaG Priming in SS to RF DNA Replication -- IV. Studies on the Specificity of dnaG-Template Interactions -- V. Priming by RNA Polymerases -- VI. Priming on Double-Stranded DNA -- VII. Phage-Encoded Priming Enzymes -- VIII. Priming in Eukaryotic Systems -- Chapter 7. tRNA Nucleotidyltransferase -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification and Structural Studies -- III. Catalytic Properties -- IV. Biological Role -- V. Research Applications -- Chapter 8. Poly(A) Adding Enzymes -- I. Introduction and Perspective -- II. Purification and Properties -- III. Multiple Poly(A) Polymerases. , IV. Properties of Poly(A) Polymerase Proteins -- V. Assay -- VI. Stoichiometry -- VII. Substrates -- VIII. Primer Requirement -- IX. Ion Requirements -- X. Inhibitors -- XI. Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism -- XII. Biological Role -- XIII. Regulation of Poly(A) Polymerases -- XIV. Research Applications -- Chapter 9. Capping Enzyme -- I. Introduction -- II. Vaccinia Virus Capping Enzymes -- III. HeLa Cell Capping Enzymes -- IV. Capping Enzyme from Rat Liver Nuclei -- V. Role of the Capping Enzyme System in Vivo -- VI. Research Applications of Vaccinia Virus Capping Enzyme -- Chapter 10. Qß Replicase -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification and Properties -- III. Catalytic Properties -- Chapter 11. 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification and Properties -- III. Reactions Catalyzed -- IV. Biological Role -- Section III. RNA Nucleases and Related Enzymes -- Chapter 12. Pancreatic Ribonuclease -- I. Introduction -- II. Preparation -- III. Chemical Properties -- IV. Physical Properties -- V. Species Variations -- VI. Bovine Seminal Plasma RNase -- VII. Cytoplasmic RNase Inhibitor -- VIII. Catalytic Properties -- IX. Research Applications -- Chapter 13. Ribonuclease T1 -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification and Chemical Properties -- III. Reactions Catalyzed -- IV. Research Applications -- V. Other Guanine-Specific RNases -- Chapter 14. tRNA Processing Enzymes from Escherichia coli -- I. Introduction -- II. Ribonuclease P -- III. Ribonuclease III -- IV. Ribonuclease P2 and Ribonuclease O -- V. Ribonuclease D -- VI. Other Nucleases -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 15. Ribonuclease III -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification -- III. Structure -- IV. Cleavage of Double-Stranded RNA -- V. Cleavage of Single-Stranded RNA -- VI. Related Enzymes from Eukaryotes -- Chapter 16. RNases I, II, and IV of Escherichia coli. , I. Introduction -- II. RNase I of Escherichia coli -- III. RNase II of Escherichia coli -- IV. RNase IV of Escherichia coli -- Chapter 17. Polynucleotide Phosphorylase -- I. Introduction -- II. Properties -- III. The Reactions Catalyzed -- IV. Attributed Physiological Functions -- V. Research Applications -- Section IV. RNA Modification -- Chapter 18. RNA Methylation -- I. Introduction -- II. Structures and General Assay Procedure -- III. Specific tRNA Methyltransferase Enzymes -- IV. Conclusion -- Chapter 19. Nucleotide Modification in RNA -- I. Introduction -- II. Modification of Uridine -- III. Modification of Cytidine -- IV. Modification of Adenosine -- V. Modification of Guanosine -- VI. Conclusion -- Author lndex -- Subject Index -- Contents of Other Volumes.

Note: Front Cover -- The Enzymes, Volume XVII -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Section I. Enzymology of Control by Phosphorylation -- Chapter 1. The Enzymology of Control by Phosphorylation -- I. Historical Aspects of Protein Phosphorylation -- II. Protein Phosphorylation-Dephosphorylation Reactions -- III. Classification of Protein Kinases and Phosphoprotein Phosphatases -- IV. Protein Phosphorylation and the Regulation of Biological Processes -- References -- Chapter 2. Cyclic Cascades and Metabolic Regulation -- I. Perspectives -- II. Features of Cyclic Cascade Systems -- III. Experimental Verification of the Cyclic Cascade Model -- IV. Energy Consumption -- V. Covalent Interconversion versus Simple Allosteric Control -- VI. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3. Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Protein Kinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification -- III. Characterization and Physical Properties -- IV. Mechanism of Action -- V. Biological Role of Protein Kinases -- References -- Chapter 4. Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Myosin Light Chain Kinases -- III. Multifunctional Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases -- References -- Chapter 5. Protein Kinase C -- I. Introduction -- II. Properties -- III. Biochemical Activation -- IV. Physiological Activation -- V. Action of Tumor Promoters -- VI. Inhibitors -- VII. Synergistic Roles with Calcium -- VIII. Growth Response and Down Regulation -- IX. Target Proteins and Catalytic Specificity -- X. Relation to Other Receptors -- XI. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6. Viral Oncogenes and Tyrosine Phosphorylation -- I. Introduction and Historical Perspective -- II. Individual Viral Protein-Tyrosine Kinases and Their Cellular Homologues -- III. Other Transformation-Related Tyrosine Phosphorylation Systems -- IV. General Properties of Protein-Tyrosine Kinases. , V. Cellular Substrates for Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7. The Insulin Receptor and Tyrosine Phosphorylation -- I. Introduction and Scope -- II. Structure of the Insulin Receptor and Its Relation to Other Tyrosine-Specific Protein Kinases -- III. Properties of Tyrosine-Specific Protein Kinases -- IV. Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptors and Other Proteins in the Intact Cell -- V. Regulation of Hormone Receptors by Multisite Phosphorylation -- VI. Evidence That Tyrosine Phosphorylation Is Physiologically Important -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8. Phosphoprotein Phosphatases -- I. Introduction and Historical Overview: The "PR Enzyme -- II. Classification of Protein Phosphatases -- III. Phosphatase Type 1 (Phosphorylase Phosphatase) -- IV. Phosphatase Type 2A -- V. Phosphatase Type 2B (Calcineurin) -- VI. Phosphatase Type 2C -- VII. Phosphotyrosyl-Protein Phosphatases -- References -- Section II. Control of Specific Enzymes -- Chapter 9. Glycogen Phosphorylase -- I. Introduction -- II. Enzymic Characteristics of Phosphorylase -- III. Molecular Structure -- IV. Substrate-Directed Control of Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation -- V. Structural Consequences of Serine-14 Phosphorylation -- VI. Functional Results of the Phosphorylation of Serine-14 -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 10. Phosphorylase Kinase -- I. Introduction -- II. Physicochemical Properties -- III. Subunit Function and Interaction between Subunits -- IV. Catalytic Properties -- V. Regulation of Phosphorylase Kinase Activity by Allosteric Effectors -- VI. Proteolytic Activation of Phosphorylase Kinase -- VII. Covalent Regulation: In Vitro Studies -- VIII. Regulation of Phosphorylase Kinase in Intact Cells -- References -- Chapter 11. Muscle Glycogen Synthase -- I. Introduction. , II. Structure of Glycogen Synthase from Mammalian Skeletal Muscle -- III. Glycogen Synthase Kinases in Mammalian Skeletal Muscle -- IV. Effect of Phosphorylation on the Activity of Skeletal-Muscle Glycogen Synthase -- V. Synergism between Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-5 -- VI. The Glycogen Synthase Phosphatases in Skeletal Muscle -- VII. Phosphorylation State of Skeletal-Muscle Glycogen Synthase in Vivo -- VIII. Interpretation of in Vivo Phosphorylation Experiments -- References -- Chapter 12. Liver Glycogen Synthase -- I. Introduction -- II. Liver Glycogen Synthase -- III. Converting Enzymes -- IV. Phosphorylation of Liver Glycogen Synthase -- V. Comparative Enzymology of Glycogen Synthase -- VI. Control of Hepatic Glycogen Synthase -- VII. Conclusion -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- The Enzymes, Volume VII -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Tryptophan Synthetase -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. Catalytic Properties -- Chapter 2. Pyridoxal-Linked Elimination and Replacement Reactions -- I. Introduction -- II. β-Elimination Reactions -- III . β-Replacement Reactions -- IV. γ Elimination -- V. γ Elimination and Replacement -- VI. Absorption Spectra and Mechanisms -- Chapter 3. The Enzymic Elimination of Ammonia -- I. Introduction -- II. General Considerations -- III. Free Energy of Ammonia Elimination -- IV. Stereochemistry of the Enzymic Eliminations -- V. Aspartate and 3-Methylaspartate Ammonia-lyases -- VI. Histidine and Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyases -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 4. Argininosuccinases and Adenylosuccinases -- I. General Features of C-N Cleavage -- II. Argininosuccinases -- III. Bovine Liver Argininosuccinase -- IV. Bovine Kidney Argininosuccinase -- V. Argininosuccinase of Neurospora -- VI. Argininosuccinase of Pea Seeds -- VII. Adenylosuccinases -- VIII. Studies on AICAR-Succinate Cleaving Activity -- IX. Adenylosuccinase of Yeast -- X. Adenylosuccinase of Neurospora -- XI. Stereospecificity of Addition or Elimination -- XII. Mechanism of Action -- Chapter 5. Epoxidases -- I. Introduction -- II. Tartrate Epoxidase -- III. Glutathione S-Epoxidetransferase -- IV. Other Epoxidase Activities -- Chapter 6. Aldolases -- I. Introduction -- II. Schiff Base-Forming Aldolases (Class I) -- III. Metalloaldolases (Class II) -- Chapter 7. Transaldolase -- I. Introduction -- II. History -- III. Distribution and Purification -- IV. Enzymic Properties -- V. Molecular Properties -- VI. Mechanism of Action -- VII. Metabolic Role -- Chapter 8. 2-Keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconic and Related Aldolases -- I. Introduction. , II. 2-Keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconic Aldolase -- III. 2-Keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonic Aldolase -- IV. 2-Keto-3deoxy-L-arabonate and 2-Keto-3-dcoxy-D-fuconate Aldolase -- V. 2-Keto-3-deoxy-D-glucarate Aldolase -- VI. 2-Keto-3-deoxy-manno-octosonate Aldolase -- VII. N-Acetylneuraminate Aldolase -- VIII. 4-Hydroxy-2-ketoglutarate Aldolasc -- IX. γ-Methyl-γ-hydroxy-α-ketoglutaric Aldolase -- Chapter 9. Other Deoxy Sugar Aldolases -- I. Introduction -- II. L-Rhamnulose 1-Phosphate Aldolase -- III. L-Fuculose 1-Phosphate Aldolase -- IV. 2-Deoxyribose 5-Phosphate Aldolase -- Chapter 10. δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. Catalytic Properties -- IV. Nature of the Active Site -- V. Mechanism of Porphobilinogen Synthesis -- Chapter 11. δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthetase -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. The Catalytic Reaction -- IV. Analogous Reactions -- Chapter 12. Citrate Cleavage and Related Enzymes -- I. Introduction -- II. Citrate Synthase -- III. ATP Citrate Lyase -- IV. Citrate Lyase -- V. Isoscitrate Lyase -- Chapter 13. Thiolase -- I. Introduction -- II. Isolation and Stability -- III. Molecular Properties -- IV. Subunit Structure and Reversible Dissociaticbn -- V. Catalytic Properties -- VI. Biological Function -- VII. Inhibitors -- VIII. Enayme Mechanism -- IX. Amino Acid Sequence at the Activity Site -- Chapter 14. Acyl-CoA Ligases -- I. Introduction -- II. General Topics -- III. Glyoxylate Condensing Enzymes -- IV. Condensation of Acetyl-CoA and Keto Acids -- V. Cleavage Reactions -- Chapter 15. α-Glucan Phosphorylases-Chemical and Physical Basis of Catalysis and Regulation -- I. Introduction -- II. Catalytic Reaction -- III. Enzyme Structure -- IV. Mechanism of Enzyme Catalysis -- V. Mechanism of Regulation -- Chapter 16. Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase. , I. Introduction -- II. Metabolic Functions -- III. Molecular and Catalytic Properties -- Chapter 17. Disaccharide Phosphorylases -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification and Properties of Sucrose Phosphorylase -- III. Kinetics of Sucrose Phosphorylase Reactions -- IV. Isolation and Properties of a Covalent Glucose-Enzyme -- V. Configuration of the Glucose-Enzyme Bond -- VI. The Mechanism of Sucrose Phosphorylase Catalysis -- VII. Substrate Specificity of the Disaccharide Phosphorylases -- VIII. Reactions of Sucrose Phosphorylase in Which Water and Other Alcohols Function as Acceptors -- Chapter 18. Polynucleotide Phosphorylase -- I. Introduction -- II. Polynucleotide Phosphorylase in Vivo -- III. The Active Protein -- IV. Catalytic Reactions -- Chapter 19. The Lipases -- I. Introduction -- II. Pancreatic Lipase -- III. Other Lipases of the Gastrointestinal Tract -- IV. Tissue Lipases -- V. Milk Lipases -- VI. Castor Bean Lipase -- VII. Lipases of Microorganisms -- Chapter 20. β-Galactosidase -- I. Introduction -- II. Occurrence -- III. Assay and Standardization -- IV. Purification -- V. Physicochemical Properties -- VI. Chemical Properties -- VII. Immunological Properties -- VIII. Enzymic Properties -- Chapter 21. Vertebrate Lysozymes -- I. Introduction -- II. Preparation, Composition, and Sequence -- III. X-Ray Studies of Structure and Activity -- IV. Physical Properties -- V. Denaturation -- VI. Chemical Modifications and Properties of Individual Residues -- VII. Saccharide Binding -- VIII. Substrates, Kinetics and Mechanism -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- The Enzymes: Group Transfer -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Contents of Other Volumes -- Chapter 1. Adenylyl Transfer Reactions -- I. Introduction -- II. Carboxyl Group Activation -- III. Biosynthesis of Phosphodiester Derivatives of Adenosine -- IV. Synthesis of Adenosine Diphosphate Derivatives -- V. Sulfate Activation -- VI. Synthesis of Imidol Adenylate Derivatives -- VII. Adenylylation of Functional Groups of Proteins -- Chapter 2. Uridine Diphosphoryl Glucose Pyrophosphorylase -- I. Introduction -- II. Metabolic Function -- III. Properties -- Chapter 3. Adenosine Diphosphoryl Glucose Pyrophosphorylase -- I. Introduction -- II. Classification of ADPglucose Pyrophosphorylases -- III. Kinetic Properties of the ADPglucose Pyrophosphorylases -- IV. Physical Properties of the ADPglucose Pyrophosphorylases -- Chapter 4. The Adenosyltransferases -- I. Introduction -- II. Methionine Adenosylitransferase -- III. B12s Adenosyltransferase -- IV. Conclusion -- Chapter 5. Acyl Group Transfer (Acyl Carrier Protein) -- I. Introduction -- II. Acyl Carrier Protein -- III. Malonyl CoA-ACP Transacylase -- IV. Acetyl CoA-ACP Transacylase -- V. ß-Ketoacyl ACP Synthetase -- Chapter 6. Chemical Basis of Biological Phosphoryl Transfer -- I. Introduction -- II. Hydrolysis of Acyclic Phosphate Esters -- III. Nucleophilic Reactions at Acyclic Phosphorus -- IV. Pentacovalency and Pseudorotation -- V. Catalysis of Phosphoryl Transfer or Ligand Loss -- VI. Enzymic Catalytic Mechanisms -- Chapter 7. Phosphofructokinase -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification -- III. Assay of Phosphofructokinase Activity -- IV. Catalytic Properties -- V. Structural Properties -- VI. Regulatory Properties of PFK -- VII. Role of Specific Groups in Enzymic Activity -- VIII. The Role of PFK in the Control of Glycolysis. , Chapter 8. Adenylate Kinase -- I. Biological Aspects -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. Catalytic Properties -- Chapter 9. Nucleoside Diphosphokinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. Catalytic Properties -- IV. Functions in the Cell -- Chapter 10. 3-Phosphoglycerate Kinase -- I. Introduction -- II. Biological Behavior of Phosphoglycerate Kinase -- III. Isolation and Molecular Properties -- IV. Reaction Kinetics -- V. Conclusion -- Chapter 11. Pyruvate Kinase -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. Catalytic Properties -- Chapter 12. Creatine Kinase (Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate-Creatine Phosphotransferase) -- I. Introduction -- II. Structure -- III. Purification, Assay, and Enzyme Stability -- IV. Substrate Specificity -- V. The Activating Metal Ion -- VI. Enzyme Kinetics -- VII. Chemical Investigations of the Enzyme Mechanism -- Chapter 13. Arginine Kinase and Other Invertebrate Guanidino Kinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Determination of Enzymic Activity -- III. Molecular Properties -- IV. Catalytic Properties -- V. Reaction Mechanism -- VI. Equilibrium -- Chapter 14. Glycerol and Glycerate Kinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Glycerol Kinases -- III. D-Glycerate Kinases -- Chapter 15. Microbial Aspartokinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Escherichia coli Aspartokinases -- III. Other Coliform Bacteria -- IV. Aspartokinases Regulated by Concerted Feedback Inhibition -- V. Rhodopseudomonas spheroides -- VI. Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Chapter 16. Protein Kinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Substrate-Specific Protein Kinases -- III. Cyclic Nucleleotide-Regulated Protein Kinases -- IV. Nonclassified Protein Kinases -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- The Enzymes, Volume XIX -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Binding Energy and Catalysis -- I. Introduction -- II. Relationship of Binding to Catalysis in Unimolecular Reactions -- III. Beyond Unimolecular Reactions: Entropy -- IV. Indirect Uses of Binding -- V. Prospects -- References -- Chapter 2. Biological Electron Transfer -- Introduction -- I. Thermodynamics of Electron Transfer Reactions -- II. Kinetics of Electron Transfer Reactions -- III. Microscopic Theory of Electron Transfer -- IV. Examples of Electron Transfer Reactions -- V. Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 3. Steady-State Kinetics -- I. Introduction -- II. Nomenclature and Notation -- III. BasicTheory -- IV. Derivation of Rate Equations -- V. Determination of Kinetic Mechanism -- VI. Stickiness and Methods for Measurement -- VII. Determination of Chemical Mechanism -- VIII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 4. Analysis of Protein Function by Mutagenesis -- Introduction -- I. Structural Aspects of Mutant Enzymes -- II. Substrate Binding and Catalysis -- III. Engineering New Specificities -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5. Mechanism-Based (Suicide) Enzyme Inactivation -- I. Introduction -- II. Dehydrases and Isomerases -- III. Pyridoxal Phosphate-Dependent Enzymes -- IV. Flavin-Dependent Enzymes -- V. Hemoprotein Enzymes -- VI. Nonheme Metallonzymes -- VII. Quinoproteins -- VIII. Hydrolytic Enzymes -- IX. Enzymes of Nucleotide Modification -- X. Summary -- References -- Chapter 6. Site-Specific Modification of Enzyme Sites -- I. Introduction -- II. General Characteristics of Site-Specific Modification -- III. Haloketones -- IV. Aldehyde Affinity Labels -- V. Fluorosulfonylbenzoyl Nucleosides -- VI. Photoreactive Compounds -- VII. Haloacyl and Alkyl Halide Derivatives -- VIII. Miscellaneous Affinity Labels. , IX. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7. Stereochemistry of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions at Carbon -- I. Introduction -- II . Nicotinamide-Dependent Dehydrogenases: Hydride Transfer to Carbon -- III. Flavin-Dependent Oxidoreductases: Hydride Transfer to Nitrogen -- IV. lsomerases Involving Proton Transfer: Importance of Single-Base Mechanisms -- V. Enzyme-Catalyzed Aldol- and Claisen-Type Condensations: β-Keto Acid Decarboxylases: Stereochemistry versus Stability of Reaction Intermediates -- VI. Pyridoxal Phosphate- and Pyruvyl-Dependent Enzymes: Flexible Response to Different Chemical Challenges -- VII. β-Elimination-Addition Reactions: E2 versus E1cB Mechanisms -- VIII. Methyl Group Transfer Reactions: One- versus Two-step Mechanisms -- IX. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Author Index -- Subject lndex.

Note: Front Cover -- The Enzymes: Control by Phosphorylation -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Section I: Control of Specific Enzymes (Continued) -- Chapter 1. Enzymes of the Fructose 6-Phosphate-Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Substrate Cycle -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification of Hepatic 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase- Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphatase -- III. Assay of 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase Activity -- IV. Assay of Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphatase Activity -- V. Structural Properties -- VI. Catalytic Properties of Rat Liver 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase -- VII. Catalytic Properties of Rat Liver Fructose-2,6- Bisphosphatase -- VIII. Evidence for Two Catalytic Centers -- IX. Regulation of 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase- Fructose-2,6-Bisphophatase by Low-Molecular-Weight Effectors -- X. Regulation of 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase-Fructose-2,6- Bisphosphatase by Phosphorylation-Dephosphorylation -- XI. 6-Phosphofructo-1 -Kinase: Possible Role of Phosphorylation in the Control of Enzyme Activity -- XII. Fructose-l,6-Bisphosphatase: Possible Role of Phosphorylation in Control of Enzyme Activity -- XIII. Role of 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase-Fructose-2,6- Bisphosphatase in the Hormonal Control of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and Glycolysis -- XIV. Summary and Overview -- References -- Chapter 2. Pyruvate Kinase -- I. Introduction -- II. Influence of Phosphorylation on the Kinetic Properties of Liver Pyruvate Kinase -- III. Influence of Phosphorylation on the Sensitivity of Liver Pyruvate Kinase to Proteolytic Enzymes -- IV. The Reaction of Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase with Liver Pyruvate Kinase as Substrate -- V. Dephosphorylation of Liver Pyruvate Kinase with Phosphoprotein Phosphatases -- VI. Acute Hormonal Regulation of Liver Pyruvate Kinase in Vivo and in Intact Cells -- VII. Phosphorylation of Other Pyruvate Kinases -- VIII. Concluding Remarks -- References. , Chapter 3. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase -- I. Introduction -- II. Mammalian Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex -- III. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase -- IV. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase -- V. Regulation of Mammalian Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex -- VI. Comparison of Properties of Mitochondrial a-Ketoacid Dehydrogenase Kinases and Phosphatases -- References -- Chapter 4. Branched-Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase -- I. Introduction -- II. Animal Branched-Chain Ketoacid-Dehydrogenase Complex -- III. Regulation by Reversible Phosphorylation -- IV. Biological Significance of Reversible Phosphorylation -- V. Addendum -- References -- Chapter 5. Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase -- I. Introduction -- II. Structural Aspects and Regulation by Allosteric Effectors -- III. Short-Term Hormonal Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis Associated with Persistent Changes in Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Activity -- IV. Early Evidence for the Regulation of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase by Reversible Phosphorylation -- V. Effects of Hormones on the level of Phosphorylation of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase within Intact Cell Preparations -- VI. Protein Kinases That Phosphorylate Acetyl -CoA Carboxylase -- VII. Protein Phosphatases That Act on Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase -- VIII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 6. Hormone-Sensitive Lipase -- I. Introduction -- II. Properties -- II. Mechanism of Regulation of the Adipose Tissue Lipase -- IV. Possible Role as a Hormone-Activatable, Multifunctional Tissue Lipase -- V. Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 7. Hydroxymethylglutaryl- Coenzyme A Reductase -- I. Introduction -- II. Topology -- III. Multivalent Control -- IV. Reversible Phosphorylation in Vitro -- V. lntracellular Phosphorylation -- VI. Reversible Phosphorylation and Degradation -- References -- Chapter 8. Aromatic Amino Acid Hydroxylases -- I. Introduction. , II. Phenylalanine Hydroxylase -- III. Tyrosine Hydroxylase -- IV. Tryptophan Hydroxylase -- References -- Section II: Control of Biological Processes -- Chapter 9. Phosphorylation of Bra in Proteins -- I. Introduction -- II. Protein Kinases in the Brain -- III. Phosphoproteins in the Brain -- IV. Protein Phosphatases in the Brain -- V. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10. Regulation of Receptor Function -- I. Introduction and Perspectives -- II. The β-Adrenergic Receptor -- III. Rhodopsin -- IV. The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor -- V. The Receptors for EGF and Insulin -- VI. Other Membrane Receptors -- References -- Chapter 11. Regulation of Ionic Channels -- I. Introduction -- II. Calcium Channels -- III. Potassium Channels -- IV. Acetylcholine Receptor -- V. Sodium Channels -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12. Regulation of Protein Synthesis -- I. Introduction -- II. Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotic Cells -- III. Role of elF-2 in Eukaryotic Protein Chain Initiation and the Effect of elF-2α Phosphorylation -- IV. Heme-Regulated elF-2α Kinase -- V. dsRNA-Dependent elF-2α Kinase -- VI. Biological Significance of HRI and dsl -- VII. Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Proteins -- References -- Chapter 13. Regulation of Contractile Activity -- I. Introduction -- II. Regulation of Vertebrate Smooth-Muscle Myosin by Phosphorylation -- III. Role of Phosphorylation in Modulating Contractile Activity of Striated Muscle Proteins -- IV. Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulatory Systems in Invertebrate Muscles -- VI. Summary -- References -- Chapter 14. Protein Phosphorylation in Prokaryotes and Single-Celled Eukaryotes -- I. Introduction -- II. Protein Phosphorylation in Prokaryotes -- III. Protein Phosphorylation in Single-Celled Eukaryotes -- IV. General Comments -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Group Transfer Syntheses Coupled to ATP Cleavage -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 6 -- PREFACE -- NOTE ON ABBREVIATIONS -- CONTENTS OF VOLUMES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, AND 8 -- Chapter 1. Phosphoryl Group Transfer (Survey) -- I. Introduction -- II. Kinases -- III. Pyrophosphokinases -- IV. Phosphomutases -- V. Miscellaneous Enzymes Catalyzing Phosphoryl Transfer -- VI. Generalizations -- Chapter 2. Hexokinases and Pentokinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Nomenclature -- III. The Pento-5-kinases -- IV. The Aldo-1-kinases -- V. The Fructo-1-kinases (Ketohexokinase) -- VI. Single-Substrate Hexokinases -- VII. Multisubstrate Hexokinases -- VIII. Characteristics of the Hexokinases Reaction -- Chapter 3. Phosphohexokinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification and Properties of Phosphofructokinase -- III. Activating Cations -- IV. Phosphoryl Donor Specificity -- V. Phosphoryl Acceptor Specificity -- VI. Inhibitors -- VII. Mechanism -- VIII. The Role of Phosphofructokinase in Metabolic Control -- Chapter 4. Triokinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Glycerokinase (L-Triokinase) -- III. Triokinase (D-Triokinase) -- IV. D-Glycerate Kinase -- V. Role of Triokinases in Intermediary Metabolism -- Chapter 5. 3-Phosphoglycerate Kinase -- I. Introduction -- II. Physical and Chemical Properties -- III. The Catalytic Reaction -- Chapter 6. Pyruvate Kinase -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties of the Enzyme -- III. The Catalytic Reaction -- Chapter 7. Acetate Kinase -- I. Introduction -- II. Properties of the Enzyme -- III. The Catalytic Reaction -- Chapter 8. Protein Kinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Distribution -- III. Enzyme Preparations -- IV. General Properties -- V. Function -- Chapter 9. Nucleoside Kinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Adenosine Kinase -- III. Flavin Kinase -- IV. Uridine Kinase. , V. Nicotinamide Riboside Kinase -- Chapter 10. Nucleoside Triphosphate-Nucleoside Monophosphokinases -- I. Introduction -- II. Myokinase -- III. Other Nucleoside Monophosphokinases -- Chapter 11. Nucleoside Diphosphokinases -- I. Introduction and History -- II. General Properties of the Enzyme -- III. Properties of the Reaction -- IV. Conclusions -- Chapter 12. Phosphoglucomutase -- I. Introduction -- II. Measurement of Activity -- III. Method of Isolation -- IV. Molecular Properties -- V. General Characteristics of the Catalytic Reaction -- Chapter 13. Phosphoglycerate Mutase -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties -- III. Catalytic Reaction -- IV. Conclusion -- Chapter 14. Amino Group Transfer (Survey) -- I. Introduction -- II. Transamination between α-Ketoglutarate and Various Amino Acids -- III. Transfer of the α-Amino Groups of Glutamine and Asparagine -- IV. Other Transamination Reactions Involving Monocarboxylic α-Amino and α-Keto Acids -- V. Transamination Involving ω-Amino Acids and Aldehydes -- VI. Transamination of D-Amino Acids -- VII. Aspects of the Mechanism of Amino Group Transfer -- VIII. Synthesis of Amino Acids by Reductive Amination -- IX. Function of Transamination in Amino Acid Metabolism -- Addendum -- Chapter 15. Glutamic-Oxalacetate Transaminase -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification and Chemical Properties -- III. Spectra and Properties of the Coenzyme Complex -- IV. The Kinetic Reaction Mechanism -- V. The Behavior of Competitive Inhibitors -- VI. The Analysis of Substrate and Product Inhibition -- VII. Half-Reactions and Rate-Limiting Steps -- VIII. Miscellaneous Observations -- Chapter 16. Amide Nitrogen Transfer (Survey) -- I. Introduction -- II. Synthesis of Diphosphopyridine Nucleotide -- III. Synthesis of the Imidazole Ring of Histidine -- IV. Amide Nitrogen-Transfer Reactions in Purine Biosynthesis. , V. Synthesis of D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate -- VI. Utilization of Glutamine Amide Nitrogen in Pyrimidine Synthesis -- VII. Synthesis of Anthranilic and p-Aminobenzoic Acids -- VIII. Synthesis of Asparagine -- IX. Discussion -- Chapter 17. Transamidination -- I. Introduction -- II. The Catalytic Reaction -- III. Mechanism of Action -- Chapter 18. Glycosidic Bond Exchange (Survey) -- I. Introduction -- II. Transglycosylases Using Oligo- or Polysaccharides as Glycosyl Donors -- III. Transglycosylases Using Sugar Phosphates as Glycosyl Donors -- IV. Transglycosylases Using Sugar Nucleotides as Glycosyl Donors -- V. Mechanism of Transglycosylation -- Chapter 19. UDPG-Glycogen Transglucosylase -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification -- III. Methods of Estimation -- IV. Specificity -- V. Activators and Inhibitors -- VI. Kinetics -- VIl. Physiological Role -- VIII. Yeast Glycogen Synthetase -- IX. The Influence of Vitamins and Hormones -- X. Starch Synthesis -- Chapter 20. Carbamyl Group Transfer -- I. Ornithine Transcarbamylase -- II. Aspartic Transcarbamylase -- III. Other Carbamyl Group-Transfer Enzymes -- Chapter 21. Acyl Group Transfer -- I. Introduction -- II. "Group Potentials" of Activated Acyl Groups -- III. Rates and Catalysis of Acyl-Transfer Reactions -- IV. Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions -- Chapter 22. Sulfate Transfer -- I. Chemical Mechanisms of Sulfate Transfer -- II. 3'-Phosphoadenosine 5'-Phosphosulfate (PAPS) as Sulfate Donor-The Sulfokinases -- III. Sulfuryl Group Transfer to Water-Sulfatases -- Chapter 23. Acyl Activation -- I. Introduction -- II. Direct Acyl Activation -- III. Indirect Acyl Activation -- Chapter 24. Succinyl CoA Synthetase -- I. Introduction -- II. The Catalytic Reaction -- III. Mechanistic Considerations -- Chapter 25. Amino Acid Activation -- I. Introduction -- II. Historical Background -- III. Carboxyl Activation. , IV. Transfer to SRNA -- V. Incorporation into Protein -- VI. General Considerations and Discussion -- Chapter 26. Firefly Luciferase -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Properties of Firefly Luciferase -- III. Nature of the Catalytic Reaction -- Chapter 27. Glutamine Synthesis -- I. Introduction -- II. Preparation of the Enzyme -- III. The Catalytic Reaction -- Chapter 28. Synthesis of Sulfuryl Adenylates -- I. Chemical Synthesis and Reactivity of Mixed Sulfate-Phosphate Anhydrides -- II. ATP-Sulfuryase from Yeast -- III. Adenosine 5'-Phosphosulfate Kinase and the Enzymic Synthesis of 3'-Phosphoadenosine 5'-Phosphosulfate (PAPS) -- Chapter 29. Carbamyl Group Synthesis -- I. Carbamyl Phosphate-Synthesizing Enzymes -- II. Other Possible Pathways for Formation of Carbamyl Phosphate -- Chapter 30. Nitrogen Transfer from Aspartic Acid In the Formation of Amide, Amidine, and Guanidino Groups -- I. General Features of Nitrogen Transfer from Aspartic Acid -- II. Formation of Guanidino Group in Arginine Synthesis -- III. Formation of Amidine Group in AdenyUc Acid Synthesis -- IV. Formation of Amide Group in Succino-AICAR Synthesis -- V. Synthetase Mechanism -- VI. Mechanism of Fumarate Release -- Chapter 31. Atp-Creatine Transphosphorylase -- I. Introduction -- II. Isolation of the Enzyme from Rabbit Skeletal Muscle -- III. Determination of the Enzymic Activity -- IV. Molecular Properties of the Enzyme from Rabbit Sketal Muscle -- V. Some Catalytic Properties -- VI. Kinetics -- VII. Equilibrium Substrate Binding -- VIII. Equilibrium Properties of the Over-All Catalyzed Reaction. -- IX. Mechanism of Action -- X. Addendum -- AUTHOR INDEX -- SUBJECT INDEX.