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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    μ-Opioid Receptors and Not K-Opioid Receptors Are Coupled to the Adenylate Cyclase in the Cerebellum (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 54 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The putative regulatory effect of opioids on adenylate cyclase was investigated in two different preparations containing, respectively, two different populations of opioid receptors: the rabbit cerebellum (〉75%μ-opioid receptors) and the guinea pig cerebellum (〉80%K-opioid receptors). In the μ-preparation, but not in the K-preparation, opioids inhibited the basal and the forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in a dose-dependent manner and stereospecifically. The inhibition was in the 20–30% range, required the presence in the assay medium of Mg2+ and of GTP, but was independent of the presence of Na+. Pharmacological characterization of the inhibitory response in the rabbit cerebellum clearly showed that it was under the control of a μ-opioid binding site, with the effect being elicited by nonselective (etorphine and morphine) and μ-selective (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Me-Phe-Gly-ol) agonists, whereas δ- and K-selective agonists were almost totally ineffective. ADP ribosylation of inhibitory GTP-binding protein by pertussis toxin failed to block the inhibitory effect of opioids, and data presented suggest that this failure is likely to be the consequence of a limited access of the toxin to its substrate in rabbit cerebellum membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb01908.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamics of change: Cancer patients' preferences for information, involvement and support (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 8 (1997), S. 857-863 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: information ; involvement ; preferences ; stability ; support
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: While the importance of providing individualised communication to cancer patients is now well recognised, little is known about the stability and validity of patients' expressed preferences for information and involvement in decision-making. This study explored the stability and possible predictors of such preferences over time. Patients and methods: Cancer patients seeing two Medical Oncologists in an out-patient clinic at an Australian teaching hospital completed a questionnaire battery before and directly after one consultation, and before their next consultation. Eighty consecutive patients with heterogeneous cancers participated in the study. Preferences for general and specific information, involvement and support were elicited at each assessment. Locus of control and patient familiarity with the clinic were measured before the first consultation. Patient satisfaction with the consultation was assessed directly after the consultation. Demographic and disease data were recorded for each patient. Results: General preferences for information and involvement were relatively stable, at least in the short term; however there was considerable variability in preferences for specific topics of information. Patients whose condition had recently worsened were more likely to want progressively less involvement in decision-making. Gender, the doctor seen and religion were also predictive of patient preferences. Conclusions: Situational factors, such as change in disease status, may alter a patient's preferences for information and involvement. If we wish to match the provision of information and support to the expressed needs of patients, we must ask patients at each consultation what those needs are.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008284006045
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase I study of paclitaxel and oral etoposide in previously untreated non-small-cell and extensive small-cell lung cancer (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 8 (1997), S. 485-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: etoposide ; lung cancer ; paclitaxel ; phase I study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: This phase I study of paclitaxel and oral etoposide was performedto determine the safety of the combination in patients with advanced lungcancer who had received no prior chemotherapy, and to identify a dose forphase II testing. Patients and methods: Patients with locally advanced or metastaticnon-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or extensive small-cell lung cancer (SCLC),who had received no prior chemotherapy were treated with intravenouspaclitaxel given as a three hour infusion (starting dose 100mg/m2) and oral etoposide, 100 mg daily for five days. Twoschedules of administration were used with the paclitaxel given on day 1(schedule A) or day 5 (schedule B) of a 21 day cycle. Results: Forty-nine patients were entered on the study, four of whom hadSCLC. All patients were evaluable for toxicity. The maximum tolerated dose waspaclitaxel 200 mg/m2 on day 1, in combination with oraletoposide 100 mg daily on days 1 to 5 (schedule A). The dose limitingtoxicities were mucositis, myalgia, diarrhoea, and paraesthesiae. Usingschedule B, myelosuppression, with febrile neutropenia was dose limiting ata paclitaxel dose of 160 mg/m2. Amongst the 45 patients withNSCLC there were three complete and eight partial responses (24%;95% CI 13%–40%), while there was one completeresponse in the four patients with SCLC. Conclusion: Paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 on day 1, with oraletoposide 100 mg daily on days 1 to 5 can be administered safely, and is therecommended dose for phase II studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008291606695
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of unproven methods of treatment by cancer patients (1998)
    Springer
    Supportive care in cancer 6 (1998), S. 337-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-7339
    Keywords: Key words Cancer ; Cost-benefits ; Unproven therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The use of unproven therapies is of concern for a number of reasons, including the lack of scientific evidence to support them, their potential financial costs and the possibility of interference with conventional treatment. This study explored the prevalence, predictors and experiences of unproven therapy use by cancer patients attending an oncology clinic at an Australian teaching hospital. A questionnaire was administered to patients whilst they were waiting for a consultation with their oncologist. A total of 173 patients were invited to participate, and 156 consented to complete the survey (90%). Over half the patients (81, 52%) had used at least one unproven therapy since their diagnosis, and 28% had used three or more. Patients most commonly practised meditation/relaxation, changed their diet and used multi- vitamins. Most expected that the therapies would aid their conventional treatments and make them feel more in control of their situation. Benefits reported were largely psychological, such as an increased sense of control or a reduction in anxiety. Younger patients, those with early stage or advanced metastatic disease and those who had used unproven therapies prior to developing cancer were more likely to use unproven therapies. Health professionals involved in the care of cancer patients should be prepared to discuss the use of unproven therapies and try to identify and deal with unmet needs to help patients to cope with their illness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005200050175
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  • 5
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    Phosphorylated Akt expression is a prognostic marker in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (2014)
    BMJ Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-19
    Description: Aims To determine the prognostic significance of pAkt expression in order to identify high-risk stage IB patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in an exploratory study. Methods We identified 471 consecutive patients with stage IB primary NSCLC according to the American Joint Commission on Cancer 6th edition tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system, who underwent surgical resection between 1990 and 2008. Patients who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatments were excluded. Pathology reports were reviewed, and pathological characteristics were extracted. Expression of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) in both cytoplasmic and nuclear locations was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and clinicopathological factors were analysed against 10-year overall survival using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards model. Results 455 (96.6%) cancers were adequate for pAkt immunohistochemical analysis. The prevalence of pAkt expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the cancers was 60.7% and 43.7%, respectively. Patients whose cancers expressed higher levels of cytoplasmic pAkt had a trend towards longer overall survival than those with lower levels (p=0.06). Conversely, patients whose cancers expressed higher levels of nuclear pAkt had a poorer prognosis than those with lower levels of expression (p=0.02). Combined low cytoplasmic/high nuclear expression of pAkt was an independent predictor of overall survival (HR=2.86 (95% CI 1.35 to 6.04); p=0.006) when modelled with age (HR=1.05 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.07); p〈0.001), extent of operation (HR=2.11 (95% CI 1.48 to 3.01); p〈0.001), visceral pleural invasion (HR=1.63 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.15); p〈0.001), gender, tumour size, histopathological type and grade (p〉0.05). Conclusions Level of expression of pAkt in the cytoplasm and nucleus is an independent prognostic factor that may help to select patients with high-risk disease.
    Keywords: Immunology (including allergy), Lung cancer (oncology), Lung cancer (respiratory medicine)
    Print ISSN: 0021-9746
    Electronic ISSN: 1472-4146
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing Group
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