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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of the LFA-1/ICAM-1 Interaction in Human Leukocyte Homing and Adhesion (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Immunological reviews 108 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1989.tb00016.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Derivation of macrophage-like lines from the pre-B lymphoma ABLS 8.1 using 5-azacytidine (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 297 (1982), S. 691-693 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ABLS 8.1 is a pre-B-cell tumour derived from a BALB/c mouse infected with Abelson virus11. The line was originally classified as B cell because of the presence of surface immuno-globulin12. We can detect neither surface nor cytoplasmic immunoglobulin in these cells, but recently the classification ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/297691a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Response of Human B Cells to Interleukin 4 is Determined by their Stage of Activation and Differentiation (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 32 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of purified- recombinant human interleukin 4 (IL-4) on proliferation and IgM secretion of normal and malignant human B cells was studied. IL-4 was found to co-stimulate the proliferation of splenic B cells in the presence of anti-Ig coupled to polyacrylamide beads (anti-Ig beads) for a period of 4 days In contrast. IL-4 had little co-stimulatory effect on the proliferative response of splenic B cells to the more potent mitogen Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I (SAC) Moreover, IL-4 inhibited interleukin: 2(IL-2) induced proliferation of cells co-stimulated with SAC Mitogen-induced pre-activation of B cells in the presence of IL-4 resulted in a reduction in subsequent IL-2-induced IgM secretion without significantly affecting proliferation Human B-cell tumours were also cultured over a 2-3 day period in the presence of anti-Ig beads plus IL-2. or IL-4orboth IL-2 and IL-4. IL-4 inhibited IL-2-induced proliferation in all cases of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL)and the majority of cases of low-grade lymphoma (LGL)and hairy cell leukaemia (HCL). These findings suggest that IL-4 has stimulatory actions on resting B cells, most evident in the presence of submaximal co-mitogenic signals, and inhibitory actions on actuated B cells, especially antagonism of the effects of IL-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb03205.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Program package using stiff, sparse integration methods for the automatic solution of mass action kinetics equations (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 1097-1108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A portable program package, MACKSIM, for mass action chemical kinetics simulation, is discussed. As these kinetics are readily expressed in explicit mathematical terms, such a package contains two major and distinct modules, the numerical analysis and the user interface. For the first, MACKSIM uses the latest proven developments incorporating sparse matrix techniques in the backward difference predictor corrector methods originated by Gear for the integration of stiff ordinary differential equations, and thus requires minimal computing time to solve large systems of equations. For the second, the program provides a flexible interface which permits simple specification and variation of reactions, requires no special character input, and has no limit on the number of reactions or species involved other than that imposed by the size of the computer. The technology of these components is discussed briefly, the use of the package for standard reactions is illustrated, and current applications are mentioned.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550111008
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  • 5
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    DataSHIELD: taking the analysis to the data, not the data to the analysis (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-25
    Description: Background: Research in modern biomedicine and social science requires sample sizes so large that they can often only be achieved through a pooled co-analysis of data from several studies. But the pooling of information from individuals in a central database that may be queried by researchers raises important ethico-legal questions and can be controversial. In the UK this has been highlighted by recent debate and controversy relating to the UK’s proposed ‘ care.data ’ initiative, and these issues reflect important societal and professional concerns about privacy, confidentiality and intellectual property. DataSHIELD provides a novel technological solution that can circumvent some of the most basic challenges in facilitating the access of researchers and other healthcare professionals to individual-level data. Methods: Commands are sent from a central analysis computer (AC) to several data computers (DCs) storing the data to be co-analysed. The data sets are analysed simultaneously but in parallel. The separate parallelized analyses are linked by non-disclosive summary statistics and commands transmitted back and forth between the DCs and the AC. This paper describes the technical implementation of DataSHIELD using a modified R statistical environment linked to an Opal database deployed behind the computer firewall of each DC. Analysis is controlled through a standard R environment at the AC. Results: Based on this Opal/R implementation, DataSHIELD is currently used by the Healthy Obese Project and the Environmental Core Project (BioSHaRE-EU) for the federated analysis of 10 data sets across eight European countries, and this illustrates the opportunities and challenges presented by the DataSHIELD approach. Conclusions: DataSHIELD facilitates important research in settings where: (i) a co-analysis of individual-level data from several studies is scientifically necessary but governance restrictions prohibit the release or sharing of some of the required data, and/or render data access unacceptably slow; (ii) a research group (e.g. in a developing nation) is particularly vulnerable to loss of intellectual property—the researchers want to fully share the information held in their data with national and international collaborators, but do not wish to hand over the physical data themselves; and (iii) a data set is to be included in an individual-level co-analysis but the physical size of the data precludes direct transfer to a new site for analysis.
    Print ISSN: 0300-5771
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3685
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Validating childhood asthma in an epidemiological study using linked electronic patient records (2014)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-25
    Description: Objective To investigate the performance of parent-reported data in identifying physician-confirmed asthma. Design and setting Validation study using linkage between the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and electronic patient records held within the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). Participants Participants were those eligible to participate in ALSPAC who also had a record in the GPRD; this included 765 individuals, just under 4% of ALSPAC-eligible participants. The analysis was based on 141 participants with complete parent-reported asthma data. Primary and secondary outcome measures The main GPRD outcome measure was whether a child had a diagnosis of asthma before they were nine. Parent-reported measures were doctor diagnosis of asthma (before mean age 7.5 years), various outcomes based on wheezing and breathlessness recorded longitudinally between 6 months and 8.5 years. Secondary outcomes were bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR), forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio and skin prick test responses. Results Among the 141 participants with complete parent-reported data, 26 (18%) had an asthma diagnosis before age nine. Using general practitioner (GP)-recorded asthma as the gold standard, the question ‘Has a doctor ever diagnosed your child with asthma?’ was both sensitive (88.5%) and specific (95.7%). ‘Ever wheezed’ had the highest sensitivity (100%) but low specificity (60%). More specific definitions were obtained by restricting to those who had wheezed on more than one occasion, experienced frequent wheeze and/or wheezed after the age of 3, but these measures had low sensitivities. BHR only identified 50% of those with a GP-recorded diagnosis. Conclusions Parental reports of a doctor's diagnosis agree well with a GP-recorded diagnosis. High specificity for asthma can be achieved by using detailed wheezing questions, although these definitions are likely to exclude mild cases of asthma. Our study shows that linkage between observational studies and electronic patient records has the potential to enhance epidemiological research.
    Keywords: Open access, Epidemiology, Health informatics, Respiratory medicine
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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