Note: Literaturangaben , Introduction to the biochemistry and molecular biology of denitrification / Rob J. M. van Spanning, David J. Richardson, Stuart J. FergusonThe prokaryotic nitrate reductases / David J. Richardson, Rob J. M. van Spanning, Stuart J. Ferguson -- Nitrite reductases in denitrification / Serena Rinaldo, Francesca Cutruzzolà -- Nitric oxide reductase : structural variations and catalytic mechanism / Simon de Vries, Suharti A. M. Pouvreau, Laurice A. M. Pouvreau -- Nitrous oxide reductases / Walter G. Zumft, Heinz Korner -- Denitrification in rhizobia-legume symbiosis / Maria J. Delgado, Sergio Casella, Eulogio J. Bedmar -- The dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonia by anaerobic bacteria / Sudesh B. Mohan, Jeff A. Cole -- Physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology of nitrogen fixation / William E. Newton -- Regulatory cascades to express nitrogenases / Bernd Masepohl, Karl Forchhammer -- The rhizobium-legume nitrogen-fixing symbiosis / Gary Stacey -- Plant symbioses with frankia and cyanobacteria / Katharina Pawlowski, Birgitta Bergman -- Associative nitrogen fixation / Anne Van Dommelen, Jos Vanderleyden -- Measuring N₂ fixation in the field / Jonathan P. Zehr, Joseph P. Montoya -- Biochemistry and molecular biology of nitrification / Stuart J. Ferguson, David J. Richardson, Rob J. M. van Spanning -- The ecology of nitrifying bacteria / Jim I. Prosser -- Anammox / Huub J. M. Op den Camp, Mike S. M. Jetten, Marc Strous -- Nitrate assimilation in bacteria / Conrado Moreno-Vivian, Enrique Flores -- Nitrate assimilation in plants / Rudolf Tischner, Werner Kaiser -- Characterization of proteolytic microbes and their activities in soils / Mirna Mrkonjic Fuka, Marion Engel, Jean-Charles Munch, Michael Schloter -- Molecular tools to assess the diversity and density of denitrifying bacteria in their habitats / Sara Hallin, Gesche Braker, Laurent Philippot -- Denitrification and agriculture / Jean Charles Munch, Gerard L. Velthof -- Denitrification and N-cycling in forest ecosystems / Per Ambus, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern -- Denitrification in wetlands -- Oswald Van Cleemput, Pascal Boeckx, Per-Eric Lindgren, Karin Tonderski -- Organisms of the nitrogen cycle under extreme conditions : low temperature, salinity, pH value and water stress / Blaz̆ Stres ...[et.al] -- Nitrous oxide emission and global changes : modeling approaches / Lars Bakken, Peter Dörsch -- Interactions among organisms that result in enhanced activities of N-cycle reactions / Hermann Bothe, Harold Drake.

Note: Front Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part I: Denitrification -- Chapter 1. Introduction to the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Denitrification -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Proteins of denitrification -- 1.3 Bioenergetics of denitrification -- 1.4 Genes coding for enzymes of denitrification -- 1.5 Regulation of transcription of the denitrification genes -- 1.6 Regulatory networks in denitrifiers -- 1.7 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 2. The Prokaryotic Nitrate Reductases -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The membrane-bound NO3¯ -reductase (NarGHI) -- 2.3 The Archaeal Nar system -- 2.4 The periplasmic nitrate reductase (Nap) -- 2.5 The assimilatory nitrate reductase (Nas) -- 2.6 The eukaryotic nitrate reductases -- References -- Chapter 3. Nitrite Reductases in Denitrification -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Cd1 nitrite reductase -- 3.3 Copper nitrite reductase -- References -- Chapter 4. Nitric Oxide Reductase: Structural Variations and Catalytic Mechanism -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Structural variations in NORs -- 4.3 Catalytic mechanism of NOR -- 4.4 Comparison between catalysis by NOR and CcO -- References -- Chapter 5. Nitrous Oxide Reductases -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Properties of N2O reductase -- 5.3 Enzyme structure and Cu centers -- 5.4 Metal center assembly -- 5.5 Gene patterns and dissemination of nos genes -- 5.6 Evolutionary aspects -- 5.7 Transport processes for Nos proteins -- 5.8 Role of accessory flavoproteins -- References -- Chapter 6. Denitrification in Rhizobia-Legume Symbiosis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Denitrification in free-living rhizobia -- 6.3 Denitrification in nodules -- References -- Chapter 7. The Dissimilatory Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia by Anaerobic Bacteria. , 7.1 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia, a process distinct from denitrification and nitrate assimilation -- 7.2 The cytoplasmic pathway for nitrate dissimilation to ammonia -- 7.3 The periplasmic pathway for respiratory reduction of nitrate to ammonia -- 7.4 Regulation of the cytoplasmic and periplasmic pathways for nitrate reduction to ammonia -- 7.5 Distribution of enzymes for nitrate reduction to ammonia and their ecological significance -- 7.6 Nitrate reduction to ammonia as an evolutionary link between nitrate assimilation and denitrification -- 7.7 Current challenges and unanswered questions -- References -- Part II: Biological Nitrogen Fixation -- Chapter 8. Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of Nitrogen Fixation -- 8.1 Which organisms fix N2? -- 8.2 Nitrogenases -- 8.3 MgATP and Mo-nitrogenase catalysis -- 8.4 Genetics of N2-fixation -- 8.5 Regulation of N2-fixation -- 8.6 Perspectives and future research -- References -- Chapter 9. Regulatory Cascades to Express Nitrogenases -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2 Environmental signals regulating expression of nitrogenases -- 9.3 Levels of regulation of N2-fixation in proteobacteria and the central role of PII -- 9.4 Transcriptional control of the nifA gene represents the first level of the regulatory cascade in diazotrophic proteobacteria -- 9.5 NifA activates nif gene expression in concert with a specific sigma factor, RpoN -- 9.6 Control of NifA activity represents the second level of the regulatory cascade -- 9.7 Control of nitrogenase activity represents the third level of the regulatory cascade -- 9.8 Regulation of alternative nitrogenases -- 9.9 Regulation of N2-fixation in nonproteobacterial species -- 9.10 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 10. The Rhizobium-Legume Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 An overview of nodule formation. , 10.3 Molecular mechanisms of signal exchange -- 10.4 Symbiotic nitrogen fixation and assimilation -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11. Plant Symbioses with Frankia and Cyanobacteria -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Actinorhizal symbioses -- 11.3 Cyanobacterial symbioses -- References -- Chapter 12. Associative Nitrogen Fixation -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Non-symbiotic colonization of plants -- 12.3 N2-fixing bacteria associated with plants -- 12.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13. Measuring N2 Fixation in the Field -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Rate measurements -- 13.3 Detecting N2 fixation potential and N2-fixing microorganisms -- References -- Part III: Other Reactions of the Nitrogen Cycle -- Chapter 14. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Nitrification -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 The general energetic problem faced by lithotrophic nitrifiers -- 14.3 Denitrification reactions catalysed by nitrifiers -- 14.4 Heterotrophic nitrification -- References -- Chapter 15. The Ecology of Nitrifying Bacteria -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Nitrifying microorganisms -- 15.3 Community structure of nitrifiers in natural environments -- 15.4 Factors influencing the ecology of nitrifying bacteria -- 15.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16: Anammox -- 16.1 Anammox: Discovery and introduction -- 16.2 Enrichment of anammox biomass -- 16.3 Physiology of anammox aggregates from the SBR -- 16.4 Identification of the key player -- 16.5 Ultrastructure of Brocadia anammoxidans -- 16.6 Lipids of anammox bacteria -- 16.7 Significance of anammox on a global scale -- 16.8 Biochemistry and the role of environmental genomics -- 16.9 The application of the anammox process -- 16.10 Integration and perspectives -- References -- Chapter 17. Nitrate Assimilation in Bacteria -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 The NO3 ¯ and NO2 ¯ uptake systems -- 17.3 Assimilatory NRs. , 17.4 Assimilatory NiRs -- 17.5 Regulation of NO3 ¯ assimilation -- 17.6 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 18. Nitrate Assimilation in Plants -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Physiology and molecular biology of nitrate uptake -- 18.3 Assimilatory NO3 ¯ reduction in higher plants -- References -- Chapter 19. Characterization of Proteolytic Microbes and Their Activities in Soils -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Methods to assess proteolysis -- 19.3 Tools to study the gene- and transcript pool of proteolytic organisms -- 19.4 Investigation of proteolysis in terrestrial ecosystems -- References -- Part IV: Applications of Reactions of the Nitrogen Cycle, with Emphasis on Denitrification -- Chapter 20. Molecular Tools to Assess the Diversity and Density of Denitrifying Bacteria in Their Habitats -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Molecular markers for denitrifying bacteria -- 20.3 Genetic fingerprinting of denitrifier communities -- 20.4 Quantification of denitrifier communities -- 20.5 Examples of denitrifier communities in habitats -- 20.6 Improving our ways to study denitrifiers in habitats -- References -- Chapter 21. Denitrification and Agriculture -- 21.1 Nitrogen in agricultural systems -- 21.2 Factors controlling denitrification in agricultural soils -- 21.3 Agricultural consequences -- 21.4 Environmental consequences of denitrification -- 21.5 Quantification of denitrification losses -- 21.6 Mitigation of denitrification activity in the field -- References -- Chapter 22. Denitrification and N-Cycling in Forest Ecosystems -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Characteristics of the N-cycle in forest ecosystems -- 22.3 Impact of increased nitrogen inputs on denitrification -- 22.4 Nitrogen inputs affect forest microbial communities -- 22.5 Environmental regulation of denitrification -- 22.6 Species involved in denitrification. , 22.7 Importance of denitrification for N2O-emissions -- 22.8 Effect of forest type on denitrification -- 22.9 Competition between plants and microorganisms -- 22.10 The N2O:N2 ratio and in situ quantification -- 22.11 Modelling -- 22.12 Austrian case - the missing nitrogen -- References -- Chapter 23. Denitrification in Wetlands -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Wetlands as an environment for denitrification -- 23.3 Molecular diversity of denitrifying bacteria -- 23.4 Denitrification in riparian wetlands -- 23.5 Denitrification in constructed wetlands -- 23.6 Emission of nitrogen gases from wetlands -- References -- Chapter 24. Organisms of the Nitrogen Cycle Under Extreme Conditions: Low Temperature, Salinity, pH Value and Water Stress -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Low temperature -- 24.3 Denitrification in halophilic environments -- References -- Chapter 25. Nitrous Oxide Emission and Global Changes: Modeling Approaches -- 25.1 Introduction -- 25.2 Product stoichiometry of denitrification -- 25.3 Models of soil anaerobiosis as a regulator for denitrification -- 25.4 Denitrification and N2O flux in soil biogeochemical models -- 25.5 Microbial kinetics of denitrification in biogeochemical models -- References -- Chapter 26. Interactions among Organisms that Result in Enhanced Activities of N-Cycle Reactions -- 26.1 Introductory statement -- 26.2 Associative bacteria are potentially beneficial to the health of plants -- 26.3 Plants eating animals (carnivorous plants) to get access to an extra N-source -- 26.4 The role of mycorrhizal fungi in mobilizing soil nutrients, in particular nitrogen -- 26.5 The earthworm gut as a transient habitat for terrestrial denitrifiers -- References -- Index -- Colour Plate Section.