Note: A Panchromatic View of Galaxies -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Galaxies -- 1.2 A Multifrequency Approach -- 1.3 The Purpose of this Book -- Part One Emitting Sources and Radiative Processes in Galaxies -- 2 X-ray -- 2.1 Continuum -- 2.1.1 Discrete Sources -- 2.1.2 X-ray Emission in Active Galaxies -- 2.1.3 Hot Gas -- 3 UV-Optical-NIR -- 3.1 Continuum: Stellar Emission -- 3.2 Emission Lines -- 3.2.1 Hydrogen Lines -- 3.2.2 Metals -- 3.3 Absorption Lines -- 3.3.1 Hydrogen Lines -- 3.3.2 Other Elements -- 3.4 Molecular Lines -- 3.4.1 H2 Near-Infrared Emission Lines -- 3.4.2 H2 UV Absorption Lines -- 4 The Infrared -- 4.1 Continuum: Dust Emission -- 4.2 Emission Lines -- 4.2.1 PAHs -- 4.2.2 Cooling Lines in PDR -- 4.2.3 H2 Lines -- 4.2.4 Dust Absorption of Ly Scattered Photons -- 5 Millimeter and Centimeter Radio -- 5.1 Continuum -- 5.1.1 Free-Free Emission -- 5.1.2 Synchrotron Emission -- 5.1.3 Dust Emission -- 5.2 Emission Lines -- 5.2.1 Molecular Lines -- 5.2.2 HI -- 5.3 Absorption Lines -- 5.3.1 HI -- Part Two Derived Quantities -- 6 Properties of the Hot X-ray Emitting Gas -- 6.1 X-ray Luminosity -- 6.2 Gas Temperature -- 7 Dust Properties -- 7.1 The Far-IR Luminosity -- 7.2 Dust Mass and Temperature -- 8 Radio Properties -- 8.1 Determining the Contribution of the Different Radio Components -- 8.1.1 Synchrotron vs. Free--Free Radio Emission in the Centimeter Domain -- 8.1.2 The Emission of the Cold Dust Component at 1.5 mm -- 8.2 The Radio Luminosity -- 9 The Spectral Energy Distribution -- 9.1 The Emission in the UV to Near-Infrared Spectral Domain -- 9.1.1 UV, Optical, and Near-IR Colors -- 9.1.2 Fitting SEDs with Population Synthesis Models -- 9.2 The Dust Emission in the Infrared Domain -- 9.2.1 Mid- and Far-Infrared Colors -- 9.3 The Thermal and Nonthermal Radio Emission -- 10 Spectral Features. , 10.1 Galaxy Characterization through Emission and Absorption Lines -- 10.1.1 Classification of the Nuclear Activity -- 10.1.2 Classification of Post-Starburst and Post-Star-Forming Galaxies -- 10.1.3 Line Diagnostics -- 10.2 Gas Metallicity from Emission Lines -- 10.3 Stellar Age and Metallicity from Absorption Lines -- 11 Gas Properties -- 11.1 Gas Density, Mass, and Temperature -- 11.1.1 The Atomic HI Mass -- 11.1.2 The Molecular H2 Mass -- 12 Dust Extinction -- 12.1 Galactic Extinction -- 12.1.1 Extinction Curve -- 12.2 Internal Attenuation -- 12.2.1 Attenuation of the Emission Lines -- 12.2.2 Attenuation of the Stellar Continuum -- 13 Star Formation Tracers -- 13.1 The Initial Mass Function -- 13.2 The Star Formation Rate -- 13.3 The Birthrate Parameter and the Specific Star Formation Rate -- 13.4 The Star Formation Efficiency and the Gas Consumption Time Scale -- 13.5 Hydrogen Emission Lines -- 13.6 UV Stellar Continuum -- 13.7 Infrared -- 13.7.1 Integrated Infrared Luminosity -- 13.7.2 Monochromatic Infrared Luminosities -- 13.8 Radio Continuum -- 13.9 Other Indicators -- 13.9.1 The X-ray Luminosity -- 13.9.2 Forbidden Lines -- 13.9.3 [CII] -- 13.9.4 Radio Recombination Lines -- 13.10 Population Synthesis Models -- 13.10.1 Dating a Star Formation Event -- 14 Light Profiles and Structural Parameters -- 14.1 The Surface Brightness Profile -- 14.1.1 Extended Radial Profiles -- 14.1.2 The Central Surface Brightness Profile of Early-Type Galaxies -- 14.1.3 The Vertical Light Profile of Late-Type Galaxies -- 14.2 Structural Parameters -- 14.2.1 Total Magnitudes, Effective Radii and Surface Brightnesses -- 14.2.2 Bulge to Disk Ratio -- 14.3 Morphological Parameters -- 14.3.1 Concentration Index -- 14.3.2 Asymmetry -- 14.3.3 Clumpiness -- 14.3.4 The Gini Coefficient G and the Second-Order Moment of the Brightest 20% of the Galaxy's Flux M20. , 15 Stellar and Dynamical Masses -- 15.1 Stellar Mass Determination Using Population Synthesis Models -- 15.2 Dynamical Mass -- 15.2.1 Rotation Curves and the Dark Matter Distribution -- 15.2.2 The Total Mass of Elliptical Galaxies from Kinematical Measurements -- 15.2.3 The Total Mass of Elliptical Galaxies from X-ray Measurements -- 15.2.4 The Mass of the Supermassive Black Hole -- Part Three Constraining Galaxy Evolution -- 16 Statistical Tools -- 16.1 Galaxy Number Counts -- 16.1.1 Observed Number Counts -- 16.2 Luminosity Function -- 16.2.1 Parametrization of the Luminosity Function -- 16.2.2 Luminosity Distributions and Bivariate Luminosity Functions -- 16.2.3 The Observed Luminosity Functions -- 16.3 Luminosity Density -- 16.3.1 The Cosmic Star Formation History and Build Up of the Stellar Mass -- 17 Scaling Relations -- 17.1 Spectrophotometric Relations -- 17.1.1 The Color-Magnitude and Color-Color Relations -- 17.1.2 The Mass-Metallicity Relation -- 17.1.3 The Mass-Gas Relation -- 17.1.4 The Mass-Star Formation Rate Relation -- 17.2 Structural Relations -- 17.2.1 The Surface Brightness-Absolute Magnitude Relation -- 17.2.2 The Kormendy Relation -- 17.3 Kinematical Relations -- 17.3.1 The Tully-Fisher Relation -- 17.3.2 The Faber-Jackson Relation and the Fundamental Plane -- 17.3.3 The k-Space -- 17.4 Supermassive Black Hole Scaling Relations -- 18 Matter Cycle in Galaxies -- 18.1 The Star Formation Process -- 18.1.1 The Schmidt Law -- 18.2 Feedback -- 18.2.1 The Feedback of AGNs -- 18.2.2 The Feedback of Massive Stars -- 19 The Role of the Environment on Galaxy Evolution -- 19.1 Tracers of Different Environments -- 19.1.1 Detection of High-Density Regions -- 19.1.2 Other Quantitative Tracers of High-Density Environments -- 19.2 Measuring the Induced Perturbations -- 19.2.1 Other Tracers of Induced Perturbations. , Appendix A Photometric Redshifts and K-Corrections -- A.1 The Photometric Redshifts -- A.1.1 UV-Optical-Near-Infrared Photo-z -- A.1.2 Far Infrared-Radio Continuum Photo-z -- A.2 The K-Correction -- Appendix B Broad Band Photometry -- B.1 Photometric Systems -- Appendix C Physical and Astronomical Constants and Unit Conversions -- References -- Index.