Note: Front Cover -- Plant Biochemistry -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part I: Plant Cell: Substructuresand Subfunctions -- Chapter 1. Cell and Subcell -- I. Introduction -- II. The Subcellular Components of the Plant Cell -- III. The Logic of Cell Life -- IV. Methods of Cell Fractionation -- V. Separation of the Golgi Apparatus -- VI. Cell as a Community -- GENERAL REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. Ribosomes -- I. Introduction -- II. Structure of Ribosomes -- III. The Ribosome Cycle -- IV. Ribosome Hybrids -- V. Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Ribosomes -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. The Nucleus -- I. Introduction -- II. Preparative Procedures -- III. Findings -- IV. Concluding Remarks -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. Cell Membranes -- I. Introduction -- II. Composition of Cell Membranes -- III. Structure of Cell Membranes -- IV. Properties of Specific Cell Membranes -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. Microbodies -- I. Introduction -- II. General Description and Nomenclature -- III. Isolation of Microbodies from Plants -- IV. Distribution of Microbodies -- V. Functional Roles -- VI. Biogenesis of Microbodies -- GENERAL REFERENCE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. The Chloroplast -- I. Introduction -- II. Physiological Studies of the Photosynthetic Process -- III. Localization of Light and Dark Reactions within the Chloroplast -- Association with Specific Chloroplast Structures -- IV. The Photosynthetic Unit, Its Physiological and Morphological Expression -- V. The General Biology of Chloroplasts -- GENERAL REFERENCES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7. Plant Microtubules -- I. Introduction -- II. Structure of Microtubules -- III. Composition and Assembly of Microtubules -- IV. The Spindle Apparatus: Mitosis and Cytokinesis -- V. The Spindle Pole: Planes of Division -- VI. Mechanism of Mitosis -- VII. Cortical Microtubules. , VIII. Conclusion and Prospect -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8. Vacuoles -- I. Introduction -- II. Biochemistry of Vacuoles -- III. Functions of Vacuoles -- IV. Ontogeny of the Vacuome -- GENERAL REFERENCES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9. The Primary Cell Wall -- I. Introduction -- II. The Noncellulosic Structural Components of Primary Cell Walls -- III. The Connections between the Structural Components of a Primary Cell Wall -- IV. A Tentative Molecular Structure of the Walls of Suspension-Cultured Sycamore Cells -- V. The Nonstructural Components of Primary Cell Walls -- VI. What Does AlI This Tell Us about the Mechanism of Cell Wall Extension -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part II: Basic Metabolism -- Chapter 10. Regulation of Enzyme Activity in Metabolic Pathways -- I. Introduction -- II. Modulation of Enzyme Activity by Small Metabolites -- III. Regulation of Enzyme Activity by Chemical Modification -- IV. Regulation of "Futile Cycles" between Enzymes Involved in Gluconeogenesis and Glycolysis (Scrutton and Utter, 1968) -- V. Control of Metabolism by Adenylate Energy Charge -- VI. Kinetic Properties of Allosteric Enzymes -- VII. Regulation of Enzymes Involved in Carbon Metabolism during Photosynthesis -- VIII. Regulation of the Biosynthesis of Starch in Photosynthetic Tissues -- IX. Regulation in Higher Plant Nonchlorophyllous Tissue -- X. Regulation of Nitrogen Metabolism -- XI. Summary -- GENERAL REFERENCES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11. Mono- and Oligosaccharides -- I. Introduction -- II. Transformations of Sugar Phosphates -- III. 1-L-myo-lnositol Metabolism -- IV. L -Ascorbate Biosynthesis -- V. Oligosaccharide Biosynthesis -- VI. Polyols, Monosaccharides, and Oligosaccharides in Lichen -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- GENERAL REFERENCES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. Polysaccharides -- I. Starch. , II. Inulin, Mannan, and Other Reserve Polysaccharides -- GENERAL REFERENCES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13. Cell Wall Biogenesis -- I. Introduction -- II. Cell Wall Language -- III. Synthesis of Compounds Used as Substrates for the Formation of Wall Polymers -- IV. Enzyme Systems Which Catalyze the Synthesis of Cell Wall Polysaccharides -- V. Intermediates in the Synthesis of Polysaccharides -- VI. Cytological Location of Polysaccharide Synthesis -- VII. Synthesis of the Cell Wall Glycoprotein, Extensin -- VIII. Alterations of Cell Wall Polymers Which Occur Outsidethe Plasma Membrane -- IX. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14. Lipid Metabolism -- I. Chemical Composition of Lipids -- II. Degradation of Fatty Acids -- III. Biosynthesis of Malonyl-CoA -- IV. Biosynthesis of Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids -- V. Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids -- VI. Conclusion: A Discussion of the Interrelationship between Acyl-ACP's and Acyl-CoA's -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15. Nucleic Acid Metabolism -- I. Introduction -- II. Enzymology of DNA Replication -- III. Enzymology of RNA Biosynthesis -- IV. Characterization and Properties of DNA -- V. RNA Metabolism -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16. Protein Biosynthesis -- I. Introduction -- II. Transcription -- III. Translation -- IV. The Genetic Code and Messenger RNA -- V. Synthesis of Aminoacyl-tRNA -- VI. Amino Acid Polymerization -- VII. Chain Termination -- VIII. Formation of Completed Proteins -- IX. Regulation -- GENERAL REFERENCES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17. Amino Acid Biosynthesis and Its Regulation -- I. Introduction -- II. Origin and Mobilization of Amino Acid Precursors -- III. Synthesis of Individual Amino Acids -- IV. General Conclusions -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- GENERAL REFERENCES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18. Mineral Metabolism -- I. Introduction -- II. Essentiality. , III. Specific Function of Essential Nutrients -- IV. Other Nutrients -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 19. Sulfate Reduction -- I. Introduction -- II. Sulfate Activation -- III. Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction in Fungi and Bacteria -- IV. Sulfate Reduction in Algae and Higher Plants -- V. Cysteine Biosynthesis -- VI. Methionine Biosynthesis -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20. Nitrate Metabolism -- I. Introduction -- II. Nitrate Reduction -- III. Nitrite Reduction -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21. Phytochrome -- I. Introduction -- II. A Chronology -- III. Phytochrome, the Molecule -- IV. Biological Display -- V. Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22. Hormones -- I. Ethylene -- II. Cytokinins -- III. Auxins -- IV. Abscisic Acid and Related Compounds -- V. Gibberellins -- GENERAL REFERENCES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 23. Senescence -- I. Introduction -- II. Regulation of Senescence -- III. Biochemical Changes during Senescence -- IV. Reversal of Senescence -- V. Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- Part III: Autotrophy -- Chapter 24. Photosynthesis: The Path of Carbon -- I. Introduction -- II. Pathways of CO, Fixation -- III. Regulation of Photosynthesis -- IV. Photorespiration and the Glycolate Pathway -- V. Photosynthetic Pathways and Other Characteristics -- REFERENCES -- ADDITIONAL REFERENCES -- Chapter 25. Photosynthesis: The Path of Energy -- I. Introduction -- II. Early Events -- III. Quantum Capture and Distribution -- IV. The Photosystems -- V. Photophosphorylation -- VI. Energetics and Kinetics -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 26. Nitrogen Fixation -- I. History -- II. The Nitrogen Cycle -- III. Biological Agents That Fix N2 -- IV. Biochemistry of N2 Fixation -- REFERENCES -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Plant Biochemistry -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- PART I: The Plant Cell: Substructures and Subfunctions -- Chapter 1. Cell and Subcell -- I. Introduction -- II. The Subcellular Components of the Plant Cell -- III. The Logic of Cell Life -- IV. Methods of Cell Fractionation -- V. Assignment of Enzyme Activities to Individual Subnuclear Fractions . -- VI. Cell as Community -- References -- Chapter 2. Enzymes -- Text -- References -- Chapter 3. Ribosomes -- I. History -- II. Nomenclature -- III. Isolation -- IV. Composition of Ribosomes -- V. Physical Properties of Ribosomes -- VI. Ribosomal RNA -- VII. Structure of the Ribosome -- VIII. Interaction of Ribosome and Messenger RNA : Polysomes . . . -- IX. Membrane-Bound Ribosomes -- X. Ribosomes of the Chloroplast -- References -- Chapter 4. The Nucleus -- I. Introduction -- II. Preparative Procedures -- III. Findings -- References -- Chapter 5. Cellular Membranes -- I. Introduction -- II. Structural Components of Membranes -- III. Properties of Specific Membrane Systems -- IV. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6. Mitochondria and Electron Transport -- I. Introduction -- II. Properties of Mitochondria -- III. Isolation of Mitochondria -- IV. Oxidative Activities of Isolated Mitochondria -- V. The Origin of Organic Acids -- VI. Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation -- VII. Components of the Respiratory Chain -- VIII. The Respiratory Chain of Animal Mitochondria -- IX. Sequence of Reactions in the Respiratory Chain -- X. The Respiratory Chain in Plant Mitochondria -- XI. Cyanide- and Carbon Monoxide-Insensitive Respiration -- XII. Energy-Linked Functions of Mitochondria -- References -- Chapter 7. The Chloroplast -- I. Introduction -- II. Physiological Studies of the Photosynthetic Process. , III. The Localization of the Light and Dark Reactions of Photosynthesis within the Chloroplast and Their Association with Specific Chloroplast Structures -- IV. The Photosynthetic Unit, Its Physiological and Morphological Expression -- V. The General Biology of Chloroplasts -- References -- Chapter 8. The Substructure and Function of the Cell Wall -- I. Introduction -- II. Formation of the Primary Cell Wall -- III. The Primary Cell Wall and Its Growth -- IV. Differentiation of the Primary Wall -- V. Secondary Cell Walls -- VI. Extracellular Excretions -- VII. The Cell Wall as a Barrier against Infection -- References -- PART II: Basic Metabolism -- Chapter 9. Enzymology -- I. Early Observations and Ideas -- II. General Properties of Enzymes -- III. Thermodynamics -- IV. Specificity -- V. Kinetics -- VI. Mechanisms -- References -- Chapter 10. The Path of Carbon in Respiratory Metabolism -- I. Introduction -- II. Glycolysis -- III. The Pentose Shunt Pathway -- IV. Regulation of Glycolysis -- V. Krebs Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle -- References -- Chapter 11. Mono- and Oligosaccharides -- I. Introduction -- II. Monosaccharide Interconversion -- III. Free Disaccharides -- IV. Higher Oligosaccharides -- V. Oligosaccharides in Heterosides -- References -- Chapter 12. Starch, Inulin, and Other Reserve Polysaccharides -- I. Starch -- II. Inulin and Polyfructosans -- III. Mannans . . -- IV. Protozoal and Algal Polysaccharides -- References -- Chapter 13. Biogenesis of the Cell Wall -- I. Introduction -- II. The Polysaccharide Building Blocks -- III. Formation of the Building Blocks -- IV. Polysaccharides -- V. Lignin -- VI. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14. Lipid Metabolism -- I. Chemical Composition of Lipids -- II. Dual Reactivity of Acetyl CoA -- III. Degradation of Fatty Acids -- IV. Biosynthesis of Malonyl CoA. , V. Biosynthesis of Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids -- VI. Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids -- References -- Chapter 15. Protein Metabolism -- I. Introduction -- II. General Outline of Protein Synthesis -- III. Amino Acid-Activating Enzymes (Amino Acyl-Transfer RNA Synthetases) -- IV. Transfer RNA's -- V. Ribosomes -- VI. Messenger RNA and the RNA Code -- VII. Peptide Bond Formation -- VIII. Formation of Completed Protein Molecules -- IX. Glutathione Synthesis -- X. Plant Proteolytic Enzymes -- References -- Chapter 16. Origins of the Amino Acids -- I. Introduction -- II. Protein Amino Acids -- III. Nonprotein Amino Acids -- References -- Chapter 17. The Biosynthesis of Coenzymes -- I. Introduction -- II. Biosynthesis of Pantothenic Acid and Coenzyme A -- III. Biosynthesis of Biotin, Enzyme-Biotin, and N-Carboxybiotin- Enzyme -- IV. Biosynthesis of Derivatives of Nicotinic Acid -- V. Biosynthesis of Vitamin B12 and the Cobamide Coenzymes . . . -- VI. Biosynthesis of Thiamine and Cocarboxylase -- VII. Biosynthesis of Folic Acid Derivatives -- VIII. Biosynthesis of Riboflavine and Its Coenzymes -- References -- Chapter 18. Mineral Metabolism -- I. Essentiality of Mineral Elements -- II. Functionally Alternative Elements and Antimetabolism -- III. Ion Transport -- IV. Mineral Depositions -- References -- Chapter 19. Biological Reduction of Sulfate and Nitrate -- I. Introduction -- II. Comparative Biochemistry of Sulfur and Nitrogen -- III. Reduction of Sulfate to Sulfide -- IV. Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia -- V. Conclusions -- References -- PART III: Some Plant Metabolism -- Chapter 20. The Plant Acids -- I. Introduction -- II. Occurrence -- III. Metabolism in Fruits and Other Organs -- IV. Crassulacean Acid Metabolism and Dark Co2 Fixation -- V. Enzymes of Acid Metabolism -- VI. Active and Storage Pools -- Compartmentation -- References. , Chapter 21. Alkaloid Biogenesis -- I. Introduction -- II. Pyridine and Piperidine Alkaloids -- III. Polyacetyl Alkaloids -- IV. Pyrrolidine and Tropane Alkaloids -- V. Isoquinoline Alkaloids -- VI. Indole Alkaloids -- References -- Chapter 22. The Tannins -- I. Introduction -- II. The Hydrolyzable Tannins -- III. The Condensed Tannins -- IV. The Distribution of Tannins and Their Function -- References -- Chapter 23. Coumarins, Phenylpropanes, and Lignin -- I. Introduction -- II. Structure and Occurrence -- III. Biosynthesis and Metabolism -- IV. Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Relation to Evolution of Plants -- References -- Chapter 24. Flavonoid Pigments -- I. Introduction -- II. Structure and Distribution -- III. Inheritance -- IV. Biosynthesis -- V. Function -- Bibliography -- Chapter 25. Ethylene and Polyacetylenes -- I. Ethylene -- II. Polyacetylenes -- References -- Chapter 26. The Isoprenoids -- I. Introduction -- II. Basic Pathway of Isoprenoid Biosynthesis -- III. Essential Oils: The Terpenes -- IV. Triterpenes: Squalene -- V. Carotenoids -- VI. Rubber -- References -- Chapter 27. Steroids -- I. Sterols -- II. Sapogenins -- III. Alkaloids -- IV. Cardiac Glycosides -- V. Other Plant Steroids -- References -- Chapter 28. Porphyrins and Bile Pigments -- I. Porphyrins -- II. Phycobiliproteins -- III. The Control of Porphyrin Metabolism -- References -- PART IV: Control -- Chapter 29. Seed Development and Germination -- I. Introduction -- II. Development -- III. Dormancy -- IV. Germination -- References -- Chapter 30. Fruit Ripening -- I. Introduction -- II. Respiration during Fruit Ripening -- III. Chemical and Physical Changes Associated with Fruit Ripening . . -- IV. Factors That Affect Fruit Ripening -- V. Summary of the Present Status of Knowledge about Fruit Ripening. Its Metabolic Significance -- References -- Chapter 31. Cell Extension. , I. Cell Growth -- II. Forces on the Cell Wall -- III. Deformation and Flow of Polymers -- IV. Yield of the Cell Wall -- V. Water Movement -- VI. A Physical Description of Cell Elongation -- VII. Influence of Certain Environmental Factors on Cell Extension -- References -- Chapter 32. Development -- I. Introduction -- II. Constancy of DNA -- III. All Genetic Information Contained in All Cells -- IV. Cells Are Different in Enzyme Content -- V. Chromosomal Control of Enzyme Differences -- VI. Unit Genetic Switch -- VII. Developmental Pathways -- VIII. Switching Networks -- References -- Chapter 33. Death -- Text -- References -- PART V: Autotrophy -- Chapter 34. Photosynthesis: The Path of Carbon -- I. Introduction -- II. Methods for Mapping the Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis . . . -- III. Experimental Results and Their Interpretation -- IV. The Photosynthetic Carbon Reduction Cycle -- V. Secondary Carbon Reduction Pathways -- VI. Areas of Future Discovery -- References -- Chapter 35. Photosynthesis: The Path of Energy -- I. Introduction -- II. Absorption, Fluorescence -- III. Evidence for Two Light Reactions -- IV. Chloroplast Reactions -- V. Photophosphorylation -- VI. Various Photo Processes in Whole Cells -- VII. Kinetics and Energetics of Photosynthesis -- References -- Chapter 36. Nitrogen Fixation -- I. History -- II. The Nitrogen Cycle -- III. Biological Agents That Fix N2 -- IV. Biochemistry of N2 Fixation -- V. Intermediates in N2 Fixation -- References -- AUTHOR INDEX -- SUBJECT INDEX.