Note: Front Cover -- Advances in X-Ray Spectroscopy -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 1. Relativistic Theory of X-ray Satellites -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.2 THE PHOTON-ELECTRON AND ELECTRON-ELECTRON INTERACTION -- 1.3 THE MULTICONFIGURATION DIRAC-FOCK METHOD -- 1.4 RELATIVISTIC INTERMEDIATE COUPLING: THE n'snp5-C0NFIGURATI0N -- 1.5 RELATIVISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE Kαh-HYPERSATELLITE SPECTRUM -- References -- CHAPTER 2. Electronic Structure of Metals and Alloys by X-ray Spectroscopy -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 EXPERIMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS -- 2.3 PURE METALS -- 2.4 ALLOYS -- References -- CHAPTER 3. Understanding and Improving Crystals for X-ray Fluorescence -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 PARAMETERS IN CRYSTAL DIFFRACTION -- 3.3 APPLICATIONS IN X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSES -- 3.4 APPLICATIONS IN PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS -- 3.5 SELECTING A CRYSTAL AND PREDICTING ITS UTILITY -- References -- CHAPTER 4. Nuclear Finite Size Effects in X-ray Spectra -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 ISOTOPE SHIFT OF K X-RAYS -- 4.3 MAGNETIC HYPERFINE EFFECTS -- References -- CHAPTER 5. Bent Crystal Spectroscopy for X- and y-radiations -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 JOHANN'S SPECTROMETER -- 5.3 JOHANSSON'S METHOD -- 5.4 CAUCHOIS' METHOD -- 5.5 DuMOND'S METHOD -- 5.6 THE CYLINDRICAL BENDING OF CRYSTALS -- 5.7 THE SPHERICAL BENDING OF CRYSTALS -- 5.8 PECULIARITIES IN THE USE OF BENT CRYSTALS IN DIFFERENT SPECTRAL REGIONS -- References -- CHAPTER 6. Resonant X-ray Emission Spectroscopy in Solids -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 PHOTO-ABSORPTION TOWARDS LOCALISED STATES -- 6.3 EMISSIONS FROM LOCALISED STATES: RESONANCE LINES -- 6.4 RESONANT X-RAY EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY AS A MEANS OF STUDYING EXCITED STATES IN SOLIDS -- 6.5 CONCLUSION -- References -- CHAPTER 7. From X-ray to UV Physics with Synchrotron Radiation -- 7.1. INTRODUCTION. , 7.2 SINGLE EXCITATIONS AND QUASI-PARTICLES -- 7.3 SYNCHROTRON RADIATION AS A PROBE FOR INTERMEDIATE ELECTRONS -- 7.4 QUASI-PARTICLE DECAY MODES AND CORRELATION SATELLITES -- 7.5 MANY-BODY EFFECTS AND THE DAMPING OF QUASI-PARTICLE RESONANCES -- 7.6 ENERGY COINCIDENCES BETWEEN SINGLE AND DOUBLE IONISATION THRESHOLDS -- 7.7 RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS IN THE CALCULATION OF CORRELATION SATELLITES -- 7.8 MANY-BODY EFFECTS IN PHOTO-ABSORPTION -- 7.9 THE DOUBLE IONISATION ANOMALY IN THE 5p-SPECTRUM OF Ba -- 7.10 CONCLUSIONS -- References -- CHAPTER 8. Comparison of Relativistic Atomic SCF Calculations with Improved Experimental Data -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 AVAILABLE EXPERIMENTAL DATA -- 8.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CHAPTER 9. Reflection of X-rays by Bent Crystals -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 APPLICATIONS OF BENT-CRYSTAL X-RAY DIFFRACTION -- 9.3 THE PREPARATION AND BENDING OF CRYSTALS -- 9.4 DIFFRACTION PATTERNS OF BENT CRYSTALS -- 9.5 CONCLUSION -- References -- CHAPTER 10. The Two-crystal Spectrometer for X-ray Spectroscopy -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 SINGLE-CRYSTAL DIFFRACTION PATTERN (SCDP) AND THE GRAPHIC METHOD -- 10.3 THE ALIGNMENT OF THE CRYSTALS -- 10.4 THE TWO-CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER (DCS) -- 10.5 MULTI-CRYSTAL ARRANGEMENTS -- 10.6 PRACTICAL ARRANGEMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES -- References -- CHAPTER 11. The So-called Correction of Bragg's Law -- 11.1 A SOLITARY RAY: THE REFRACTIVE INDEX -- 11.2 THE CASE OF MORE THAN ONE DIFFRACTED RAY INSIDE THE CRYSTAL -- 11.3 TWO BEAMS: GEOMETRICAL THEORY CORRECTED FOR REFRACTION IN BRAGG REFLECTION -- 11.4 TWO BEAMS IN TRANSMISSION: THE SYMMETRICAL LAUE CASE -- 11.5 TWO BEAMS: DYNAMICAL THEORY -- 11.6 THE INFLUENCE OF SIMULTANEOUS REFLECTIONS -- 11.7 CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CHAPTER 12. On the Anisotropie Emission of Characteristic X-rays. , 12.1 INTRODUCTION -- 12.2 INVESTIGATION OF THE CHLORINE Kβ-SPECTRUM IN p-DICHLOROBENZENE -- 12.3 ANISOTROPIC EMISSION OF THE K-RADIATION OF BORON AND NITROGEN IN HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE -- References -- CHAPTER 13. Molecular Orbitals and X-ray Spectra -- 13.1 INTRODUCTION -- 13.2 X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTRA -- 13.3 X-RAY EMISSION SPECTRA -- References -- CHAPTER 14. X-ray Spectra of Molecular Gases -- 14.1 INTRODUCTION -- 14.2 ABSORPTION -- 14.3 EMISSION -- References -- CHAPTER 15. Many-body Effects in X-ray Band Spectra of Metals -- 15.1 INTRODUCTION -- 15.2 THE LOW-ENERGY TAIL (A) -- 15.3 THE PLASMON SATELLITE (B) -- 15.4 THE PLASMARON STRUCTURE (C) -- 15.5 THE MND EDGE ANOMALY (D) (EMISSION AND ABSORPTION) -- 15.6 THE PLASMON SATELLITE EDGE (E) -- 15.7 THE PLASMON RESONANT STRUCTURE (F) -- References -- CHAPTER 16. The History and Modern Practice of EXAFS Spectroscopy -- 16.1 INTRODUCTION -- 16.2 WHAT IS EXAFS? -- 16.3 HISTORY -- 16.4 SIMPLIFIED PHYSICS -- 16.5 SOME EXAMPLES -- 16.6 WHY, AFTER 50 YEARS? -- References -- CHAPTER 17. Chemical Shifts in X-ray Absorption Spectra -- 17.1 INTRODUCTION -- 17.2 PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE CHEMICAL SHIFT -- 17.3 EFFECTIVE CHARGE AND THE CHEMICAL SHIFT -- 17.4 PHYSICAL BASIS OF CHEMICAL SHIFTS -- 17.5 CONCLUSIONS -- References -- CHAPTER 18. Chemical Shifts and Changes in Shape of X-ray Emission Lines in Solids -- 18.1 INTRODUCTION -- 18.2 THEORETICAL ASPECTS -- 18.3 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CHAPTER 19. X-ray Optics -- 19.1 INTRODUCTION -- 19.2 REFLECTION OF X-RAYS -- 19.3 THE DIFFRACTION OF X-RAYS BY GRATINGS -- 19.4 OPTICAL SYSTEMS -- 19.5 OTHER DEVICES -- References -- CHAPTER 20. Potential Characteristics and Applications of X-ray Lasers -- 20.1 INTRODUCTION -- 20.2 COHERENT VACUUM-UV GENERATION -- 20.3 RECENT X-RAY LASER RESEARCH. , 20.4 ANTICIPATED X-RAY LASER CHARACTERISTICS -- 20.5 X-RAY HEATING OF MATTER -- 20.6 SPECULATION ON X-RAY LASER APPLICATIONS -- 20.7 DISCUSSION -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CHAPTER 21. Electron Brëmsstrahlung -- 21.1 INTRODUCTION -- 21.2 BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY FOR CALCULATING BRËMSSTRAHLUNG CROSS-SECTIONS -- 21.3 THE END-POINTS OF THE BRËMSSTRAHLUNG SPECTRUM -- 21.4 THE COULOMB SPECTRUM -- 21.5 SCREENING EFFECTS -- 21.6 ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS OF BRËMSSTRAHLUNG RADIATION -- References -- CHAPTER 22. Band Structure of Semiconductors by X-ray Spectroscopy -- 22.1 INTRODUCTION -- 22.2 ELEMENTS -- 22.3 COMPOUNDS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CHAPTER 23. X-ray Raman Band and Plasmon Line in the Compton Spectrum -- 23.1 INTRODUCTION -- 23.2 GENERAL THEORY OF X-RAY INELASTIC SCATTERING -- 23.3 EXPERIMENTAL -- 23.4 DISCUSSION -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CHAPTER 24. Isochromat Spectroscopy -- 24.1 INTRODUCTION -- 24.2 PRINCIPLES -- 24.3 THE EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENT -- 24.4 APPLICATIONS AND RESULTS OF IS -- 24.5 CONCLUSIONS -- References.