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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in genetic traits of the Baltic clam Macoma balthica from a tidal gradient in the subarctic (1998)
    Springer
    Polar biology 19 (1998), S. 342-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a subarctic tidal gradient, strong heterogeneity in genetic traits of the Baltic clam Macoma balthica was found. The heterogeneity was stronger within the intertidal gradient, over a distance of only about 60 m, than along a horizontal gradient over a distance of 1200 km in clams from the west European coast. For the locus Idh1 and the average heterozygosity, a tidal cline was found. The frequency of allele Idh1-B decreased with tidal level, whereas the frequency of allele Idh1-C, as well as the average heterozygosity, increased. The possibility is discussed that the strong genetic heterogeneity and tidal clines are caused by differential selection related to the (subarctic) temperatures to which the higher tidal zones are more exposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050256
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the level of oxygenation in sediment and water on copper bioavailability to marine bivalves: laboratory experiments and translocation experiments in the field (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 373-374 (1998), S. 297-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: bivalves ; oxygen ; condition ; copper ; bioavailability ; translocation ; sediment ; silt fraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of differences in the level of oxygenation of sediment or water on the condition and copper content of two bivalves, the Baltic clam Macoma balthica and the cockle Cerastoderma edule, were assessed. Specimens from four intertidal flats in the Netherlands and France were compared, translocated and exposed to different levels of oxygen in the laboratory. Cockles showed no significant differences in condition and copper content between animals from light (= more oxygenated) and dark (= less oxygenated) sediments. Baltic clams also showed no differences in condition, but the clams had a higher copper content (concentration as well as body burden) in dark than in light sediments. During the translocation experiments no significant changes occurred. In the laboratory experiments the level of oxygen had no effect on the condition or copper content of the Baltic clam. The only factor affecting the copper content of Baltic clams was the addition of copper to the water or sediment. The copper, organic carbon and silt fraction (〈 16 µm) was higher in dark sediments than in light sediments. The copper content in the sediment was positively related to the silt and organic carbon content. We argue that the relation between coloration (= degree of oxygenation) of sediments and the copper content of Baltic clams could be indirect: due to a higher silt fraction and/or organic content at some places on a tidal flat, these places are more hypoxic and therefore darker, whereas simultaneously these places have a higher copper concentration because of more copper-complexing sites (and surface), whereby the higher copper concentration in the sediment relates to a higher copper concentration in the clams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017015504106
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of prolonged emersion and submersion by tidal manipulation on marine macrobenthos (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 282-283 (1994), S. 219-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: tidal manipulation ; effects of emersion ; submersion ; marine macrozoobenthos ; Oosterschelde estuary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of tidal manipulation, resulting in prolonged periods of emersion and submersion or in protracted tidal cycles, on estuarine benthic animals are reviewed. Prolonged submersion periods did not show effects on mortality of most benthic animals tested, with the exception of the crumb-of-bread sponge Halichondrea panicea, which, at low water-flow rates, was covered with a layer of bacteria and subsequently died. Protracted low-water periods of 18 hours during several weeks hardly caused any mortality. However, protracted low-water periods of 30 hours during some weeks or emersion during several days caused a strong increase in mortality, depending on: the duration of emersion, temperature, condition of the animals, species and age. At temperatures below −1 °C and above 24 °C mortality was generally high. Animals with a low glycogen content were more sensitive to emersion than those with a high content. Species with a shell and those that are relatively big were less sensitive than those without a shell or of small size. The reproductive cycle of benthic animals could be delayed or accelerated by both emersion and submersion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024632
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity to stress in the bivalve Macoma balthica from the most northern (Arctic) to the most southern (French) populations: low sensitivity in Arctic populations because of genetic adaptations? (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 355 (1997), S. 127-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Arctic ; adaptation ; copper ; distribution limit ; genetics ; geographic cline ; Macoma balthica ; stress sensitivity ; survival in air
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The stress sensitivity, determined in copper exposureexperiments and in survival in air tests, and thegenetic structure, measured by means of isoenzymeelectrophoresis, were assessed in populations of theBaltic clam Macoma balthica (L.) from itssouthern to its northern distribution limit, in orderto test the hypotheses that near the distributionlimit the clams would be more stress sensitive andwould have a lower genetic variability. Thepopulations in west and north Europe show a stronggenetic resemblance. The populations in the sub-ArcticWhite Sea are genetically slightly different, and showa low stress sensitivity. The populations in theArctic Pechora Sea are genetically very distant fromthe other populations, and show the lowest stresssensitivity. Near the southern distribution limit, inagreement with the hypotheses, genetic variability islow and stress sensitivity high. On the other hand, incontrast to expectation, near the northerndistribution limit, in the populations of the PechoraSea, the genetic variability was higher, thus notreduced, and the stress sensitivity was low comparedto all other populations. Yet, it remains a questionif such is due to gradual physiologicalacclimatization (and ongoing differential selection)or to genetic adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003009524563
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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