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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 34 (1986), S. 357-375 
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Lidar measurements of the thickness of the atmospheric entrainment zone are presented. The measurements were obtained in central Illinois during 6 days of clear-air convection. A new method was developed to monitor the potential temperature jump across the entrainment zone. A single early morning temperature sounding and continuous lidar measurements of the mixed-layer height provide potential temperature jump values which agree well with in situ observations. Lidar measurements of the thickness of the entrainment zone normalized by mixed-layer depth are presented as a function of a ‘convective’ Richardson number; these values show reasonable agreement with published laboratory results. The lidar observations span a wider range of mixed-layer depths and contain higher values of the normalized entrainment rate (dh/dt)/w * than those observed in tank studies. Both lidar and tank results show that simple parcel theory does not properly predict entrainment-zone thickness. During this experiment which examined mostly high entrainment conditions, the normalized entrainment-layer thickness was linearly dependent on entrainment rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 39 (1987), S. 41-51 
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Lidar observations of boundary-layer development during a cold air outbreak over the Atlantic Ocean were examined. Very rapid rise rates were measured in the first 20 km off the coast. A large region of partial cloudiness was found to exist between the totally clear region near shore and the overcast region far from the coast. As the layer became overcast, rise rate of the boundary layer tripled, suggesting a direct relation between cloudiness and entrainment. Boundary-layer evolution was reasonably well simulated by a simple slab model. The model was not capable of predicting the area of partial cloudiness, nor the region of rapid entrainment near the coast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 27 (1997), S. 179-195 
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: tropospheric ozone ; marine boundary layer ; photochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A photochemical box model has been used to simulate the mixing ratio ofozone under conditions reflecting those encountered in the marine boundarylayer at Cape Grim, Tasmania, where a decade-long record of ozone mixingratio is available. The model is based on the proposition that ozone loss byphotolysis, atmospheric reaction with hydroperoxy and hydroxyl radicals, andsurface deposition is balanced by ozone gain via entrainment from the lowerfree troposphere with a small additional source in summer from photolysis ofnitrogen dioxide. This model simulates very well the observed ozone records,reproducing both the small diurnal cycle in ozone mixing ratio observedduring the summer months, and the factor of two seasonal ozone cycle showinga distinct winter maximum and summer minimum. The model result confirms thatunder the low-NOx conditions of the clean marine boundarylayer net photochemical loss of ozone occurs at all times of year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-09-11
    Description: DNA methylation analysis in self-sampled brush material as a triage test in hrHPV-positive women British Journal of Cancer 111, 1095 (09 September 2014). doi:10.1038/bjc.2014.392 Authors: A Boers, R P Bosgraaf, R W van Leeuwen, E Schuuring, D A M Heideman, L F A G Massuger, V M J Verhoef, J Bulten, W J G Melchers, A G J van der Zee, R L M Bekkers & G B A Wisman
    Keywords: DNA methylationtriage testhuman papillomavirusself-samplingcervical cancer screeningnon-responders
    Print ISSN: 0007-0920
    Electronic ISSN: 1532-1827
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-01-03
    Description: DNA methylation is a well-known epigenetic modification that plays a crucial role in gene regulation, but genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation remains technically challenging and costly. DNA methylation-dependent restriction enzymes can be used to restrict CpG methylation analysis to methylated regions of the genome only, which significantly reduces the required sequencing depth and simplifies subsequent bioinformatics analysis. Unfortunately, this approach has been hampered by complete digestion of DNA in CpG methylation-dense regions, resulting in fragments that are too small for accurate mapping. Here, we show that the activity of DNA methylation-dependent enzyme, LpnPI, is blocked by a fragment size smaller than 32 bp. This unique property prevents complete digestion of methylation-dense DNA and allows accurate genome-wide analysis of CpG methylation at single-nucleotide resolution. Methylated DNA sequencing (MeD-seq) of LpnPI digested fragments revealed highly reproducible genome-wide CpG methylation profiles for 〉50% of all potentially methylated CpGs, at a sequencing depth less than one-tenth required for whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). MeD-seq identified a high number of patient and tissue-specific differential methylated regions (DMRs) and revealed that patient-specific DMRs observed in both blood and buccal samples predict DNA methylation in other tissues and organs. We also observed highly variable DNA methylation at gene promoters on the inactive X Chromosome, indicating tissue-specific and interpatient-specific escape of X Chromosome inactivation. These findings highlight the potential of MeD-seq for high-throughput epigenetic profiling.
    Electronic ISSN: 1549-5469
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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