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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-06-15
    Description: Global population genetic structure of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is still poorly understood despite its relevance for the tuna fishery industry. Low levels of genetic differentiation among oceans speak in favour of the existence of a single panmictic population worldwide of this highly migratory fish. However, recent studies indicated genetic structuring at a much smaller geographic scales than previously considered, pointing out that YFT population genetic structure has not been properly assessed so far. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time, the utility of 2b-RAD genotyping technique for investigating population genetic diversity and differentiation in high gene-flow species. Running de novo pipeline in Stacks, a total of 6772 high-quality genome-wide SNPs were identified across Atlantic, Indian and Pacific population samples representing all major distribution areas. Preliminary analyses showed shallow but significant population structure among oceans (FST = 0.0273; P-value 〈 0.01). Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components endorsed the presence of genetically discrete yellowfin tuna populations among three oceanic pools. Although such evidence needs to be corroborated by increasing sample size, these results showed the efficiency of this genotyping technique in assessing genetic divergence in a marine fish with high dispersal potential.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    In:  iker.zuda@gmail.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14507 | 403 | 2014-02-13 18:49:45 | 14507 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: The reproductive biology of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the western Indian Ocean was investigated from samples collected in 2009 and 2010. In our study, 1012 female Yellowfin Tuna were sampled: 320 fish on board a purse seiner and 692 fish at a Seychelles cannery. We assessed the main biological parameters that describe reproductive potential: maturity, spawning seasonality, fish condition, and fecundity. The length at which 50% of the female Yellowfin Tuna population matures (L50) was estimated at 75 cm in fork length (FL) when the maturity threshold was established at the cortical alveolar stage of oocyte development. To enable comparison with previous studies, L50 also was estimated with maturity set at the vitellogenic stage of oocyte development; this assessment resulted in a higher value of L50 at 102 cm FL. The main spawning season, during which asynchrony in reproductive timing among sizes was observed, was November–February and a second peak occurred in June. Smaller females (〈100 cm FL) had shorter spawning periods (December to February) than those (November to February and June) of large individuals, and signs of skip-spawning periods were observed among small females. The Yellowfin Tuna followed a “capital-income” breeder strategy during ovarian development, by mobilizing accumulated energy while using incoming energy from feeding. The mean batch fecundity for females 79–147 cm FL was estimated at 3.1 million oocytes, and the mean relative batch fecundity was 74.4 oocytes per gram of gonad-free weight. Our results, obtained with techniques defined more precisely than techniques used in previous studies in this region, provide an improved understanding of the reproductive cycle of Yellowfin Tuna in the western Indian Ocean.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 252-264
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Aim: We examined potential environmental drivers of broad-scale spatial patterns in the trophic structure of marine ecosystems as represented by nitrogen stable isotopes in globally distributed marine predators. Additionally, we assessed the effects of spatial scale on the predictive capabilities of environmental variables. Location: Global oceans. Time period: 2000 to 2015. Major taxa studied: Tunas: Thunnus albacares, Thunnus obesus, Thunnus alalunga. Methods: We undertook a global compilation and meta-analysis of the bulk nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ15N values) of three tuna species (n = 4,281). After adjusting for regional variations in baseline δ15N values using a global ocean biogeochemistry model, generalized additive mixed models were employed to infer global-scale oceanographic controls of trophic structure, using cosmopolitan tuna species as a model. Results: For the three tuna species, variation in trophic position estimated using bulk δ15N values was largely explained by geographical location and the corresponding oxygen minimum layer depth. Tuna trophic positions declined in areas with reduced oxygen at depth. Food-chain length, as captured by maximum trophic position, was longer in areas of the western Pacific Ocean and shorter in the northern Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans. Trophic adaptability of the tuna predators, as indicated by intraspecific variability, was highest in the western and central Pacific Ocean and lowest in the northern Atlantic Ocean. Our analysis demonstrated that while tunas share similar functional trophic roles, deeper-foraging tuna species had higher trophic positions globally. The predictive capacity of environmental variables decreased at finer (regional) spatial scales. Main conclusions: Our work suggests that habitat compression resulting from the predicted global expansion of oxygen minimum zones with ocean warming will impact the trophic structure of marine food webs and the corresponding foraging habits of marine predators. Spatial scale analyses highlighted the importance of representing differences in regional ecological dynamics in global-scale trophic and ecosystem models.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) is a highly economically important species in the western Indian Ocean. However, knowledge of its ecological and nutritional characteristics, essential for proper management of the species, is lacking in the region. The trophodynamics of the Indian Ocean albacore was thus examined using known fatty acid trophic markers (FATMs) of primary producers, nutritional condition indices (NCIs) (omega-3/omega-6 ratio and total fatty acid content (TFA)), and baseline and lipid corrected stable isotope of carbon (δ13Ccorr) and nitrogen (δ15Ncorr), measured in the muscle tissue. We applied generalized additive mixed models to understand the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of these tracers, taking into consideration several intrinsic and extrinsic variables: fish size, fishing position, month, chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature (SST). Both chlorophyll-a and SST were significant as single explanatory variables for all tracers with SST being the best predictor for docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid ratio, the omega-6 protists FATM, omega-3/omega-6 ratio, δ13Ccorr and δ15Ncorr. TFA was best predicted by fish size only. Higher primary productivity, as inferred by high δ13Ccorr values and diatom contribution, nutritional condition and trophic position, as inferred by high δ15Ncorr values, were observed in albacore from the temperate southern waters than in the northern tropical regions. Relationships between environmental variables and corrected stable isotopes, FATMs confirm that ocean warming and changes in primary productivity will impact nutrient flow and energy transfer in the marine food web which may have negative nutritional outcomes for albacore. This knowledge is particularly crucial in areas where oceanographic conditions and seawater temperatures are changing at a fast rate and should also be taken into consideration by fisheries managers
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Considerable uncertainty remains over how increasing atmospheric CO2 and anthropogenic climate changes are affecting open‐ocean marine ecosystems from phytoplankton to top predators. Biological time series data are thus urgently needed for the world's oceans. Here, we use the carbon stable isotope composition of tuna to provide a first insight into the existence of global trends in complex ecosystem dynamics and changes in the oceanic carbon cycle. From 2000 to 2015, considerable declines in δ13C values of 0.8‰–2.5‰ were observed across three tuna species sampled globally, with more substantial changes in the Pacific Ocean compared to the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Tuna recorded not only the Suess effect, that is, fossil fuel‐derived and isotopically light carbon being incorporated into marine ecosystems, but also recorded profound changes at the base of marine food webs. We suggest a global shift in phytoplankton community structure, for example, a reduction in 13C‐rich phytoplankton such as diatoms, and/or a change in phytoplankton physiology during this period, although this does not rule out other concomitant changes at higher levels in the food webs. Our study establishes tuna δ13C values as a candidate essential ocean variable to assess complex ecosystem responses to climate change at regional to global scales and over decadal timescales. Finally, this time series will be invaluable in calibrating and validating global earth system models to project changes in marine biota.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: A global dataset of carbon stable isotope (δ13C) values from yellowfin, bigeye, and albacore tuna muscle tissue (n = 4275) was used to develop a novel tool to infer broad-scale movement and residency patterns of these highly mobile marine predators. This tool was coupled with environmental models and lipid content (C:N ratio) of tuna muscle tissues to examine ocean warming impacts on tuna ecology and bioenergetic condition across Longhurst provinces. Over a 16-year study period (2000–2015), latitudinal gradients in tuna δ13C values were consistent, with values decreasing with increasing latitude. Tuna δ13C values, reflecting modelled global phytoplankton δ13C landscapes (“isoscapes”), were largely related to spatial changes in oxygen concentrations at depth and temporal changes in sea surface temperature. Observed tuna isoscapes (δ13CLScorr), corrected for lipid content and the Suess effect (oceanic changes in CO2 over time), were subtracted from model-predicted baseline isoscapes (Δ13Ctuna-phyto) to infer spatial movement and residency patterns of the different tuna species. Stable isotope niche width was calculated for each Longhurst province using Δ13Ctuna-phyto and baseline-corrected nitrogen isotope (δ15Ntuna-phyto) values to further quantify isotopic variability as evidence of movements across isoscapes. A high degree of movement—defined as the deviation from the expected range of Δ13Ctuna-phyto values— was evident in three Longhurst provinces: Guinea current coast, Pacific equatorial divergence, and the North Pacific equatorial counter current. The highest level of population dispersal (variability in Δ13Ctuna-phyto values) was observed in Longhurst provinces within the western and central Pacific Oceans and in the Guinea current coast. While lipid content was low in yellowfin and bigeye, high and variable lipid stores in albacore muscle were consistent with seasonal movements between productive foraging and oligotrophic spawning habitats. Our ability to characterize tuna movement patterns without ambiguity remains challenged by uncertainty in trophic discrimination factors and ecological (e.g. diet variability) processes. However, this study illustrates that model-corrected δ13C values are a valuable, relatively cost-effective tool for identifying potential areas of mixing across management zones, particularly when electronic tagging studies are limited or absent. Stable isotope analyses of tuna tissues can therefore be an additional tool for guiding spatial stock assessments on top predator movement, dispersal patterns, and how they may be altered under a changing climate.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Nitrogen and carbon stable isotope data sets are commonly used to assess complex population to ecosystem responses to natural or anthropogenic changes at regional to global spatial scales, and monthly to decadal timescales. Measured in the tissues of consumers, nitrogen isotopes (delta N-15) are primarily used to estimate trophic position while carbon isotopes (delta C-13) describe habitat associations and feeding pathways. Models of both delta N-15 and delta C-13 values and their associated variance can be used to estimate likely dietary contributions and niche width and provide inferences about consumer movement and migration. Stable isotope data have added utility when used in combination with other empirical data sets (e.g., stomach content, movement tracking, bioregionalization, contaminant, or fisheries data) and are increasingly relied upon in food web and ecosystem models. While numerous regional studies publish tables of mean delta N-15 and delta C-13 values, limited individual records have been made available for wider use. Such a deficiency has impeded full utility of the data, which otherwise would facilitate identification of macroscale patterns. The data provided here consist of 4,498 records of individuals of three tuna species, Thunnus alalunga, T. obesus, and T. albacares sampled from all major ocean basins from 2000 to 2015. For each individual tuna, we provide a record of the following: species name, sampling date, sampling location, tuna length, muscle bulk and baseline corrected delta N-15 values, and muscle bulk and, where available, lipid corrected delta C-13 values. We provide these individual records to support comparative studies and more robust modeling projects seeking to improve understanding of complex marine ecosystem dynamics and their responses to a changing environment. There are no copyright restrictions for research and/or teaching purposes. Users are requested to acknowledge their use of the data in publications, research proposals, websites, and other outlets following the citation instructions in Class III, Section B.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    Format: archive
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