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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) on the oxygen consumption, ATP production, H2O2 production, and mitochondrial NADH-CoQ1 reductase (complex I) activity of isolated rat brain mitochondria were investigated. Using glutamate and malate as substrates, concentrations of 10–100 µM MPP+ had no effect on state 4 (−ADP) respiration but decreased state 3 (+ADP) respiration and ATP production. Incubating mitochondria with ADP for 30 min after loading with varying concentrations of MPP+ produced a concentration-dependent decrease in H2O2 production. Incubation of mitochondria with ADP for 60 min after loading with 100 µM MPP+ caused no loss of complex I activity after washing of MPP+ from the mitochondrial membranes. These data are consistent with MPP+ initially binding specifically to complex I and inhibiting both the flow of reducing equivalents and the production of H2O2 by the mitochondrial respiratory chain, without irreversibly damaging complex I. However, mitochondria incubated with H2O2 in the presence of Cu2+ ions showed decreased complex I activity. This study provides additional evidence that cellular damage initiated by MPP+ is due primarily to energy depletion caused by specific binding to complex I, any increased damage due to free radical production by mitochondria being a secondary effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrogeology journal 8 (2000), S. 405-416 
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Key words general hydrology ; geologic fabric ; groundwater exploration ; Ghana ; water supply
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Au Ghana, 68% de la population vivent dans des collectivités rurales dispersées et éloignées. L'eau souterraine est la source la plus intéressante pour l'alimentation en eau potable de la plupart de ces villages. Afin de faire face au défit actuel et à venir de l'explosion démographique dans un contexte de diminution observée des précipitations dans la plupart des régions d'Afrique, dont le Ghana, il est nécessaire d'évaluer, de gérer et d'exploiter efficacement les ressources en eau souterraine. Le but de ce papier est par conséquent de décrire les conditions hydrogéologiques et d'analyser les rendements des forages, dans le cadre de l'évaluation des ressources en eaux souterraines du Ghana. De façon schématique, on distingue les unités hydrogéologiques suivantes: (1) le complexe du socle (roches cristallines), qui couvre environ 54% du territoire, (2) le système de la Volta, qui couvre environ 45%, et (3) les formations sédimentaires tertiaires, secondaires et primaires (provinces côtières) qui occupent environ 1% du pays. Le complexe du socle et les provinces côtières possèdent un potentiel en eau souterraine plus élevé que le système de la Volta. Ce fait est très significatif, car le complexe du socle et les provinces côtières sont les zones les plus densément peuplées du pays, celles où l'on peut capter de l'eau pour l'alimentation humaine. Les rendements moyens des forages dans le complexe du socle, dans les provinces côtières et dans le système de la Volta sont respectivement de 2.7 à 12.7, 3.9 à 15.6, et 6.2 à 8.5 m3/h.
    Abstract: Resumen El 68% de la población de Ghana vive en comunidades rurales, generalmente dispersas y remotas. Las aguas subterráneas constituyen la fuente más fiable para el abastecimiento de agua potable a estos asentamientos. Para enfrentarse al aumento de población y a la disminución de la precipitación – observada en la mayor parte de África y, en particular, en Ghana – es imprescindible evaluar, gestionar con eficacia y utilizar los recursos de aguas subterráneas. Dentro del proceso de evaluación de las aguas subterráneas en Ghana, el objetivo de este artículo es describir el marco hidrogeológico y analizar los rendimientos de los sondeos. A grandes trazos, se distinguen tres unidades hidrogeológicas: (1) el Complejo Basal (rocas cristalinas), que ocupa el 54% de la superficie del país; (2) el Sistema de Volta, que abarca un 45%; y (3) los estratos sedimentarios (Provincias Costeras) del Cenozoico, Mesozoico y Paleozoico, en el 1% restante del territorio. El potencial de las aguas subterráneas en el Sistema de Volta es inferior al de las otras dos unidades. Esto es muy importante, ya que las zonas más densamente pobladas del país se situan en el Complejo Basal y las Provincias Costeras, cuyos recursos pueden aprovecharse para abastecimiento humano. Los rendimientos medios de los pozos del Complejo Basal, las Provincias Costeras y el Sistema del Volta son de 2,7–12,7, 3,9–15,6, y 6,2–8,5 m3/h, respectivamente.
    Notes: Abstract  In Ghana, 68% of the population live in rural communities, which are scattered and remote. Groundwater is the most feasible source of potable water supply for most of these dispersed and remote settlements. To meet the present and future challenges of population expansion vis-à-vis the observed declining rainfall in most parts of Africa including Ghana, it is necessary to assess, efficiently manage, and utilize the groundwater resources. The objective of this paper is therefore to describe the hydrogeologic framework and analyze borehole yields as part of the groundwater-resources assessment of Ghana. The hydrogeologic units are broadly categorized as: (1) the Basement Complex (crystalline rocks), which underlies about 54% of the country; (2) the Voltaian System, which underlies about 45%; and (3) the Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic sedimentary strata (Coastal Provinces), which underlie the remaining 1% of the country. The Basement Complex and the Coastal Provinces have higher groundwater potential than the Voltaian System. This is particularly significant, because the Basement Complex and the Coastal Provinces underlie the most densely populated areas of the country and can hence be tapped for human use. The average borehole yields of the Basement Complex, the Coastal Provinces and the Voltaian System range from 2.7–12.7, 3.9–15.6, and 6.2–8.5 m3/h, respectively.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environment, development and sustainability 2 (2000), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1573-2975
    Keywords: hydroelectric power generation ; reductions in rainfall ; reductions in streamflows ; rise in temperature within basin ; Volta lake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract This paper looks at the rainfall and streamflow patterns over two distinct time periods, i.e., 1950–1970 and 1971–1991 within the two most prominent catchments in the Volta river system – White Volta and the Oti basins. The first period (1950–1970) represents relatively vegetated catchments and low population whilst the latter (1971–1990) represents intense land use practices resulting from increased population that have severely degraded the environment. These two catchments are among the most significant contributors to the Volta lake. The Volta lake, which was formed between 1962 and 1966 in Ghana and created primarily for hydroelectric power generation, will probably be one of the greatest man-made lakes for a long time. It produces 912 MW of electricity at its maximum operating capacity. Recently, there have been declines in the lake levels resulting most probably from inadequate rainfall and/or runoff from the river catchments that feed the lake. Comparisons of runoffs for the two time periods show reductions in mean streamflows of 32.5% at Saboba on the Oti and 23.1% at Nawuni on the White Volta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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