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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Sidescan sonar. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: This exhaustive new edition offers the fundamentals of sidescan sonar imagery and bathymetry and explains the tricky science of interpreting them. It also covers all recent advances in the field regarding both technology and knowledge of marine structures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (343 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783540498865
    Series Statement: Springer Praxis Bks.
    DDC: 551.4683
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Figures -- Tables -- Abbreviations and acronyms -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Book overview -- 2 Acoustic signals and data aquisition -- 2.1 Sonar mapping systems -- 2.2 Acoustic theory -- basics -- 2.2.1 Acoustic waves -- 2.2.2 Acoustic propagation -- 2.2.3 Acoustic scattering -- theory -- 2.3 Signal generation and data acquisition -- 2.3.1 Acoustic Projectors -- 2.3.2 Hydrophones and arrays -- 2.3.3 Signal conditioning -- 2.4 New concepts -- new tools -- 2.4.1 Higher frequencies -- higher resolutions -- 2.4.2 Multistatic sonars -- 2.4.3 Synthetic aperture sonar -- 2.4.4 Parametric sidescan sonar -- 2.4.5 Biomimetics -- 2.5 Sonar performance -- 2.6 Conclusion -- 2.7 Further reading -- 3 Imagery and bathymetry -- 3.1 Processing acoustic measurements -- 3.2 Sidescan sonar imagery -- 3.2.1 Slant range and ground rage -- 3.2.2 Backscatter stregth -- 3.3 Adding bathymetry -- 3.3.1 Sidescan bathymetry and interferometry -- 3.3.2 Multibeam bathymetry -- 3.4 Merging imagery and bathymetry -- 3.5 Conclusion -- 3.6 Further reading -- 4 Sidescan sonar data processing -- 4.1 Backscatter profiles -- 4.2 Navigation and attitude -- 4.2.1 Navigation of surface vehicles -- 4.2.2 Navigation of underwater vehicles -- 4.2.3 Attitude information -- 4.3 Pre-processing -- 4.3.1 Definations -- 4.3.2 Data formats -- 4.3.3 Navigation pre-processing -- 4.3.4 Attitude pre-processing -- 4.4 Radiometric corrections -- 4.4.1 Requantization -- 4.4.2 Across-track corrections -- 4.4.3 Along-track corrections -- 4.5 Geometric corrections -- 4.5.1 Slant-range correction -- 4.5.2 Anamorphosis -- 4.6 Bathymetry processing -- 4.7 Map production -- 4.7.1 Mosaicking/Stenciling -- 4.7.2 Interpolation/Rubbersheeting -- 4.8 Post-processing -- 4.8.1 Image statistics -- 4.8.2 Histogram manipulations. , 4.8.3 Speckle removal -- 4.8.4 Sea surface reflection removal -- 4.9 Operational examples -- 4.10 Interpretation of sonar images -- 4.11 Conclusion -- 4.12 Further reading -- 5 Spreading and subduction -- 5.1 Plate tectonics and the seafloor -- 5.2 Tectonic structures -- 5.3 Volcanic structures -- 5.4 Sedimented areas -- 5.5 Hydrothermal structures -- 5.6 Seafloor structures associated with subduction -- 5.7 Examples of regional imagery -- 5.8 Conclusions -- 5.9 Further reading -- 6 Abyssal basins and the polar seas -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Using ancillary information -- 6.2.1 Other acoustic tools -- 6.2.2 Non-acoustic remote sensing -- 6.2.3 Direct sampling -- 6.3 Abyssal basins -- 6.3.1 Geological background -- 6.3.2 Sediment input -- 6.3.3 Relict structures -- 6.3.4 Sedimentary structures -- 6.4 Polar seas -- 6.4.1 General setting -- 6.4.2 Ice-related structures -- 6.4.3 Other typical structures -- 6.5 Regional imagery: the Hawaiian Abyssal Plain -- 6.6 Conclusion -- 6.7 Further reading -- 7 Continental margins -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Sedimentary structures -- 7.2.1 Sediment deposition and erosion -- 7.2.2 Sediment transport-submarine canyons -- 7.2.3 Mass-wasting, slides, and flows -- 7.2.4 Sediment redistribution -- 7.3 Tectonic and volcanic structures -- 7.4 Other structures -- 7.4.1 Biological activity-past and present -- 7.4.2 Fluid and gas seepage structures -- 7.4.3 Brine pools -- 7.5 Regional imagery -- 7.5.1 The Blake Escarpment, North Atlantic -- 7.5.2 The Almería Canyon and Almería Margin, Mediterranean Sea -- 7.6 Conclusions -- 7.7 Further reading -- 8 Shallow-water environments -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Sedimentary structures -- 8.3 Rock outcrops -- 8.4 Biological stucutures -- 8.5 Regional imagery -- 8.6 Conclusion -- 8.7 Further reading -- 9 Man-made structures -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Planned structures. , 9.2.1 Pipelines-cables -- 9.2.2 Dump sites -- 9.2.3 Harbor areas -- 9.2.4 Seabed resources and their exploitation -- 9.3 Accidental structures -- 9.3.1 Fishing activities -- 9.3.2 Shipwrecks -- 9.3.3 Pollution -- 9.4 Seabed waste and military mines -- 9.4.1 Seabed waste -- 9.4.2 Military mines -- 9.5 Sonars and underwater archeology -- 9.6 Conclusion -- 9.7 Further reading -- 10 Anomalies and artifacts -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Propagation artifacts -- 10.2.1 Water column variations -- 10.2.2 Beam spreading -- 10.2.3 Acoustic noise -- 10.3 Physical (scattering) artifacts -- 10.3.1 Sub-surface reflections -- 10.3.2 Multipath scattering -- 10.3.3 Unexpected features -- 10.4 Processing artifacts -- 10.4.1 Radiometric artifacts -- 10.4.2 Geometric artifacts -- 10.4.3 Slant-range correction-layover -- 10.4.4 Identifying the origin of artifacts -- 10.5 Interpretation of artifacts -- 10.5.1 Output/display artifacts -- 10.5.2 Unexpected features -- 10.6 Conclusion -- 10.7 Further reading -- 11 Computer-assisted interpretation -- 11.1 Inroduction -- 11.2 Traditional techniques -- 11.2.1 Image enhancement -- 11.2.2 Contour-oriented analyses -- 11.2.3 Texture-oriented analyses -- 11.3 New techniques -- 11.3.1 Data Fusion and Geographic Information Systems -- 11.3.2 Neural networks and genetic algorithms -- 11.3.3 Image compression -- 11.4 Seabed characterization -- 11.4.1 Goals, purposes, limits -- 11.4.2 Applications -- 11.5 Artificial Intelligence-expert systems -- 11.6 Conclusion -- 11.7 Further reading -- 12 Conclusion -- References -- Index.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer
    Keywords: Earth sciences ; Geophysics ; Oceanography ; Building construction ; Earth Sciences ; Meeresboden ; Sand ; Hydroakustik ; P-Welle ; Seismik ; Seismische Prospektion ; Meeresgeologie ; Meeressediment ; Poröser Stoff ; Schallausbreitung ; Akustisches Verfahren ; Scherwelle ; Wellenausbreitung ; Schallwelle ; Schluff ; Ton ; Seismoakustik
    Description / Table of Contents: Offshore drilling and constructions require exact knowledge of the geophysical properties of the seabed and sub-seabed, as unexpected objects can slow down or halt projects. This book presents the state-of-the-art in acoustic exploration of the seabed and sub-seabed, from initial designs in the 1980s to commercial contracting and operation of the Acoustic Corer™ in the last decade. The Acoustic Corer™ is a high-definition commercial acoustic sub-bottom imaging system, producing an “acoustic core” within which sub-seabed sedimentary characteristics and discrete buried objects larger than 0.5 m can be identified and mapped. It makes use of the innovative JYG-cross design, inspired by seismic reflection and uses Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) multi-angle scattering in and within the seabed to deliver unprecedented imagery. This book was written by the inventor of these concepts, a known specialist in seabed acoustics, with help from an experienced academic and author. It is intended first and foremost as a “how-to” guide for offshore industries looking at techniques to make the installation of different types of structures safe and efficient
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 108 p. 84 illus., 72 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319025797
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Oceanography
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Radioactive waste disposal under the seabed. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (280 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783540281214
    Series Statement: Springer Praxis Bks.
    DDC: 363.738
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- CONTENTS -- Foreword by Dr Alan Edwards, European Commission -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of abbreviations and acronyms -- List of contributors -- List of SITAR project partners -- PART I The SITAR project: background, goals, project structure -- 1 The SITARproject: background, goals, project structure (A. Caiti) -- PART II Methods -- 2 The parametric side-scan sonar instrument and synthetic aperture sonarprocessing (M. Zakharia and J. Dybedal) -- 3 Multiple-aspect scattering (MAS) measurements (Ph. Blondel, N. G. Pace, N. Jayasundere, M. Cosci, J. M. Hovem and M. A. Larsen) -- 4 Acoustic models for scattering (I. Karasalo and P. Skogqvist) -- 5 Biotoxicity measurements: the nanoinjection technique (T. Hansson, G. Akerman, U. Tjärnlund, K. Grunder, Y. Zebühr, H. Sundberg and L. Balk) -- 6 Processing tools for acoustic 3D images (V. Murino, M. Palmese and A. Trucco) -- 7 Geographic Information Systems for risk assessment of seabed dumping sites (M. Robba, R. Sacile, P. Jonsson and L. Gelaziene) -- PART III Experimental activities -- 8 Scaled multiple-aspect scattering tank experiments (Ph. Blondel, N. Jayasundere, P. F. Dobbins and M. Cosci) -- 9 Full-scale tank parametric side-scan sonar test (M. Zakharia) -- 10 The sea trial site in Möja Söderfjärd: biological sampling (P. Jonsson and T. Hansson) -- 11 Acoustic sea trial in thr Möja Söderfjärd dumpsite (P. Moren, A. Caiti, M. Zakharia, M. A. Larsen, Ph. Blondel and J. Dybedal ) -- PART IV Results -- 12 Geoacoustic inversion (M. A. Larsen and J. M. Hovem) -- 13 Buried waste localization: the parametric, synthetic aperture, side-scan sonar (M. Zakharia and J. Dybedal) -- 14 Buried waste inspection: acoustical images and inversion from multipleaspect scattering (I. Karasalo, P. Skogqvist, Ph. Blondel and P. F. Dobbins). , 15 Results of the biotoxicity measurements (T. Hansson, G. Akerman, U.Tjärnlund, K. Grunder, Y. Zebühr, H. Sundberg and L. Balk) -- 16 3D acoustical image analysis and feature extraction (A. Caiti, V. Murino, M. Palmese, A. Trucco and M. Zakharia) -- PART V Evaluation -- 17 GIS-based data presentation system (A. Caiti, M. Robba, R. Sacile, P. Jonsson and L. Gelaziene) -- 18 Biotoxicological methods (P. Jonsson) -- 19 Acoustical methods (M. Zakharia, Ph. Blondel, J. Dybedal, I. Karasalo, J. M. Hovem, A. Trucco, M. Robba and A. Caiti) -- PART VI Conclusions -- 20 Conclusions (A. Caiti) -- References -- Index.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Cosmogony. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (346 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783540376835
    Series Statement: Springer Praxis Bks.
    DDC: 523.2
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (121 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319025797
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Oceanography Series
    DDC: 620.25
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1 Acoustic Coring-The Rationale -- Abstract -- 1.1 The Need for Accurate Assessments of Sub-seabed Sediments -- 1.2 Importance to Present Maritime Operations -- 1.3 The Technology Gap -- 1.4 Filling the Gaps-The Case for "Acoustic Coring" -- References -- 2 Imaging of the Near-Surface -- Abstract -- 2.1 Capturing the Relevant Characteristics of Near-Surface Sediments -- 2.2 Buried Objects and Benthic Habitats -- 2.3 Significance and Value-Moving Toward an Answer Product -- References -- 3 Imaging into the Seabed -- Abstract -- 3.1 Creating a Prototype -- 3.2 Formulating the First Product -- 3.3 The Next Generation: The Acoustic Corer -- 3.4 Data Processing-Coherent Summation and Flow Diagram -- 3.5 Processing Acoustic Corer Data -- 3.5.1 Data and Acquisition -- 3.5.2 JYG-Cross Processing -- 3.5.3 Synthetic Aperture-Rendering and Processing -- 3.5.4 Combining Low-Frequency and High-Frequency Datasets -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Acoustic Seabed Interrogation -- Abstract -- 4.1 Using the Low-Frequency (LF) JYG-Cross Data -- 4.2 High-Frequency (HF) Identification of Non-specular Returns -- 4.3 Sizing and Identifying Individual Targets -- 4.4 Acoustic Textures and Substrate Variations -- 4.5 Combining with Other Measurements -- 4.5.1 Traditional Tools -- 4.5.2 Investigations of Sites with Complex Geology -- 4.5.3 Gassy Sediments -- 4.6 Interpretations-Reporting -- 4.7 Conclusions -- References -- 5 The Future of Acoustic Seabed Interrogation -- Abstract -- 5.1 Filling the Technology Gap -- 5.2 Moving to New Platforms -- 5.3 New Environments-New Applications -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References -- Index.
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  • 6
    Book
    Book
    Chichester : Wiley [u.a.]
    Keywords: Ocean bottom Remote sensing ; Sonar ; Lehrbuch ; ocean bottom ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Meeresboden ; Sonar ; Meeresboden ; Sonar ; Meeresboden ; Sonar
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: XI, 314 S. , Ill.
    ISBN: 0471962171
    Series Statement: Wiley-Praxis series in remote-sensing
    DDC: 551.46/084
    Language: English
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 7
    Book
    Book
    Berlin : Springer | Chichester : Praxis Publ.
    Keywords: Ocean bottom Remote sensing ; Sidescan sonar ; acoustic signals ; marine structures ; remote sensing ; sea floor ; Meeresboden ; Topografie ; Sonar ; Meeresboden ; Sonar ; Relief
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: XXVIII, 316 S. , zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst
    ISBN: 3540426418 , 9783540426417
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: Literaturverz. S. [279] - 311
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-01-14
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Miscellaneous , notRev
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    Geological Association of Canada
    In:  In: Mapping the Seafloor for Habitat Characterization. , ed. by Todd, B. J. and Greene, H. G. Geological Association of Canada Special Paper, 47 . Geological Association of Canada, St. Johns, Canada, pp. 287-298. ISBN 978-1-897095-33-1
    Publication Date: 2017-08-10
    Description: The Sula Ridge Reef complex, a large cold-water coral reef structure on the mid-Norwegian shelf built mainly by Lophelia pertusa, was mapped entirely using a high-resolution sidescan sonar. In addition, a dense echosounding grid, underwater vide observations and dives using the manned research submersible Jago, provided precise high-quality ground-truthing, and allowed a detailed interpretation of the reef structure and its surrounding geological features. The result of this visual sidescan sonar interpretation is a facies map that delineates different potential habitats within the coral reef environment, e.g. live coral reef, dead coral structure and sediment-covered coral/rubble, etc. In an attempt to improve this interpretation, computer-assisted image analysis was applied to a representative section of the sonar data to try to reveal patterns 'invisible' to the human eye (using the TexAn software). Texture analysis uses Grey-Level Cooccurrence Matrices (GLCMs) to calculate statistical indices quantifying the distribution of grey levels and their spatial relationship within the image. For example, regions of rough textures (coral mounds) can be distinguished from areas of smooth background sediment or zones of heterogeneous texture resulting from sediment-covered coral debris and dropstones colonized by sponges. The results of the computer-assisted approach were carefully compared with the earlier visual interpretation ro identify the differences and to see where the interpretation could be improved. Overall, it shows that texture analysis is a useful tool to make facies/habitat mapping from sidescan sonar easier and faster, revealing details overlooked during visual interpretation. However, validation of certain details by an experienced interpreter is still necessary, and therefore visual and computer-assisted interpretation should be used as complementary tools.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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