Keywords:
Magnetic films.
;
Nanostructured materials.
;
Ferromagnetic materials.
;
Thin films -- Magnetic properties.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
Nanoscience is of central importance in the physical and biological sciences and is now pervasive in technology. However nanomagnetism has a special role to play as magnetic properties depend uniquely on both dimensionality and lengthscales. Nanomagnetism is already central to data storage, sensor and device technologies but is increasingly being used in the life sciences and medicine. This volume aims to introduce scientists, computer scientists, engineers and technologists from diverse fields to this fascinating and technologically important new branch of nanoscience. The volume should appeal to both the interested general reader but also to the researcher wishing to obtain an overview of this fast moving field. The contributions come from acknowledged leaders in the field who each give authoritative accounts of key fundamental aspects of nanomagnetism to which they have themselves made a major contribution. After a brief introduction by the editors, Wu first surveys the fundamental properties of magnetic nanostructures. The interlayer exchange interactions within magnetic multilayer structures is next discussed by Stiles. Camley then discusses the static, dynamic and thermal properties of magnetic multilayers and nanostructures, followed by an account of the phenomenon of exchange anisotropy by Berkowitz and Kodama. This latter phenomenon is widely in current read head devices for example. The transport properties of nanostructures also are spectacular, and again underpin computer technology, as we see from the discussion of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) presented by Fert and his colleagues. Beyond GMR and TMR we look to the field of spintronics where new electronic devices are envisioned and for which quantum computing may depend as discussed in the chapter by Flatte and Jonker. The volume concludes with
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (349 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780080457178
Series Statement:
Issn Series ; v.Volume 1
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=269607
DDC:
538.3
Language:
English
Note:
Front cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- List of contributors -- Series Preface: Contemporary Concepts of Condensed Matter Science -- Volume Preface -- 1 The Field of Nanomagnetism -- Introduction -- The Ultrathin Ferromagnetic Film -- Magnetic Nanostructures: Spin Configurations and Magnetization Reversal -- Experimental Techniques -- Notes -- References -- 2 Fundamental Properties of Magnetic Nanostructures: A Survey -- Introduction -- Enhancement of Magnetization -- Magnetic Anisotropy -- Magnetic Ordering -- Magnetic Transport -- Summary and Future Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Exchange Coupling in Magnetic Multilayers -- Introduction -- Quantum Well Model -- Model for Transition Metal Ferromagnetism -- Spin-Polarized Quantum Well States -- Interlayer Exchange Coupling -- Critical spanning vectors -- Coupling strength -- Torques and spin currents -- Measurement of Interlayer Exchange Coupling -- Growth and Disorder -- Measurement Techniques -- Biquadratic Coupling -- Summary -- References -- 4 Static, Dynamic, and Thermal Properties of Magnetic Multilayers and Nanostructures -- Introduction -- Theoretical Treatment of Magnetic Multilayers -- Examples of Magnetic Multilayer Structures -- The Dynamic Response of Magnetic Multilayers: Collective Spin Wave Modes -- A Single Computational Method that Provides Static and Dynamic Results -- Summary -- Notes -- References -- 5 Exchange Anisotropy -- Introduction -- Meiklejohn and Bean's Research -- Early Thin Film Research -- Introduction to more Recent Research -- Antiferromagnetic Systems -- AFM Oxides -- Metallic AFM -- AFM Fluorides -- Probing Spin Structures -- Neutron Diffraction -- Linear and Circular Magnetic Dichroism -- X-ray Photoelectron Emission Microscopy -- Mössbauer Spectroscopy -- X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy.
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Some Comments on Spin-Probe Findings -- Theory -- Interfacial Uncompensated Spins (IUS) -- Outlook and Current Work -- Applications of Exchange Anisotropy -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Spin Transport in Magnetic Multilayers and Tunnel Junctions -- Introduction -- Spin-Dependent Conduction in Ferromagnetic Metals -- GMR: Experimental Survey -- Models of GMR and Discussion -- Physics of GMR -- Models of CIP-GMR -- Free-Electron Semi-Classical Models of CIP-GMR -- Free-Electron Quantum-Mechanical Models of CIP-GMR -- Models of CIP-GMR Based on Realistic Band Structure Calculations -- Quantum Channelling in CIP-GMR -- Models of Spin Accumulation and CPP-GMR -- Concepts of Interface Resistance and Spin Accumulation -- The Valet-Fert Model of CPP-GMR -- Interpretation of Experimental Results on CPP-GMR -- Physical Data from the Interpretation of CPP-GMR Experiments -- Influence of Temperature on GMR -- Angular Dependence of GMR -- Basics of Spin-Dependent Tunnelling -- Jullière's Pioneering TMR Experiment and Model -- TMR: Experimental Survey -- TMR with Transition Metal Electrodes and Alumina Barrier -- Search for Highly Spin-Polarized Ferromagnets -- Dependence of the TMR on the Barrier and Electrode/Barrier Interface -- TMR: Bias Voltage Dependence -- TMR: Temperature Dependence -- Spin Filtering by Ferromagnetic Barriers -- Models of TMR -- Free-Electron Models -- Bonding at the Ferromagnet/Insulator Interface -- First-Principle Calculations of TMR and Symmetry Effects -- Models for Disordered Junctions -- Applications of GMR and TMR -- References -- 7 Electrical Spin Injection and Transport in Semiconductors -- Introduction -- Basic Requirements for Semiconductor Spintronics -- Material Properties Influencing Spin Injection -- Coupling between Light and Electron Spin, and Optical Spin Excitation -- Spin Lifetimes.
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Spin Currents versus Charge Currents -- Drift Effects on Spin Currents -- Electrical Spin Injection into Semiconductors from Magnetic Materials -- Detection of Spin-Polarized Carriers: The Spin-LED -- Magnetic Semiconductors: Paramagnetic or Semimagnetic Materials -- Magnetic Semiconductors: Ferromagnetic Materials -- Ferromagnetic Metals -- Conductivity mismatch -- Tunnel barrier-based spin injection -- Tailored Schottky tunnel barriers -- Discrete layers as tunnel barriers -- Temperature Dependence of Spin Polarization -- Drift Effects on Spin Injection -- Electrical Spin Injection into Semiconductors from Non-magnetic Materials -- Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Current-Induced Switching of Magnetization -- Introduction -- Phenomenological Treatment of Current-Induced Switching of Magnetization -- Origin of Spin-Transfer Torque -- General Principles -- Discussion of Previous Work and SM Concepts -- Generalized Landauer Method for Calculating the Spin Current -- Keldysh Formalism for Fully Realistic Calculations of the Spin-Transfer Torque -- References -- Indices -- Author Index -- Subject Index.
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