Keywords:
Glaciology.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
This is a state-of-the-art interpretive presentation of satellite image data, and analysis of the current state of the world's glaciers. Experts in satellite image analysis of glaciers analyze and interpret the changing nature of glaciers across the globe.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (936 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9783540798187
Series Statement:
Springer Praxis Bks.
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1106462
DDC:
551.3120223
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Contents -- Dedication -- Contributors -- Foreword -- REFERENCES -- Acknowledgments -- Online supplemental material -- Chapter receipt information -- Figures -- Disclaimer: GLIMS is not a border authority -- Tables -- Acronyms and abbreviations -- About the editors -- PROLOGUE Scientific and public perceptions about the importance of fluctuations in glaciers and ice sheets -- P.1 EARLY SCIENTIFIC RECOGNITION OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF GLACIERS -- P.2 THE PRACTICAL AND PERCEIVED -- P.2 THE PRACTICAL AND PERCEIVEDIMPORTANCE OF GLACIERS TODAY -- P.2.1 Modern understanding of climate change due to greenhouse gases and other causes -- P.2.2 Modern impacts of changing glaciers and ice sheets on people -- P.2.3 Recent public perceptions about -- P.2.4 Time to move on -- P.3 ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- P.4 REFERENCES -- 1 Introduction: Global glacier monitoring-a long-term task integrating in situ observations and remote sensing -- ABSTRACT -- 1.1 WHY THIS BOOK? -- 1.2 PERENNIAL SURFACE ICE ON LAND -- 1.2.1 Definitions -- 1.2.2 Global coverage -- 1.3 GLACIERS AND CLIMATE -- 1.3.1 Formation of glaciers and their dynamical controls -- 1.3.2 Glacier reactions to climate change, -- 1.3.3 Reporting glacier change rates -- 1.3.3 Reporting glacier change rates -- 1.4 INTERNATIONAL GLACIER MONITORING -- 1.4.1 History of international glacier monitoring in the 19th and 20th centuries -- 1.4.2 The Global Terrestrial Network for -- 1.4.2 The Global Terrestrial Network for Glaciers (GTN-G) -- 1.4.3 Available datasets -- 1.4.4 Challenges of the 21st century -- 1.5 GLACIER OBSERVATIONS FROM SPACE -- 1.5.1 Satellite observations in GTN-G -- 1.5.2 Possible applications -- 1.5.3 Challenges -- 1.7 SYNOPSIS AND ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK -- 1.6 INTEGRATIVE GLACIER CHANGE ASSESSMENTS -- 1.8 CONCLUSIONS -- 1.9 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 1.10 REFERENCES.
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2 Theoretical foundations of remote sensing for glacier assessment and mapping -- ABSTRACT -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 RADIATION TRANSFER CASCADE -- 2.2.1 Solar irradiance -- 2.2.2 Surface irradiance -- 2.2.3 Surface reflectance -- 2.2.4 Surface emission -- 2.3 SURFACE-ENERGY INTERACTIONS -- 2.3.1 Snow -- 2.3.2 Glaciers -- 2.3.3 Water -- 2.4 COMPLICATIONS -- 2.5 SPACE-BASED INFORMATION EXTRACTION -- 2.5.1 Snow cover -- 2.5.2 Ice sheets 2.5.3 Alpine glacier mapping -- 2.5.4 Debris-covered glaciers -- 2.5.5 Snow line and ELA -- 2.5.6 Ice flow velocities -- 2.6 NUMERICAL MODELING -- 2.6.1 Climate modeling -- 2.6.2 Energy balance modeling -- 2.6.3 Glacier mass balance modeling -- 2.7 CONCLUSIONS -- 2.8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 2.9 NOTATION -- 2.10 REFERENCES -- 3 Radiative transfer modeling in the cryosphere -- ABSTRACT -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODELING OF GLACIER SURFACES -- 3.2.1 RT modeling approach for glacier surfaces -- 3.2.2 Radiative transfer equation inlayered mixtures of snow, ice, and debris -- 3.2.3 Radiative transfer equation in glacier lake waters -- 3.3 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SNOW,ICE, DEBRIS, MIXTURES, AND GLACIER LAKE WATER -- 3.3.1 Snow -- 3.3.2 Glacier ice -- 3.3.3 Rock debris -- 3.3.4 Mixtures -- 3.3.5 Glacier lake water -- 3.4 NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE RTE -- 3.5 GLACIER RADIATIVE TRANSFER -- 3.5 GLACIER RADIATIVE TRANSFER SIMULATION EXAMPLES -- 3.6 CONCLUSIONS -- 3.7 REFERENCES -- 4 Glacier mapping and monitoring using multispectral data -- ABSTRACT -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 IMAGE PREPROCESSING -- 4.2.1 Radiometric calibration -- 4.2.2 Geometric preprocessing -- 4.3 MULTISPECTRAL METHODS -- 4.3.1 Spectral reflectance of glacier surfaces -- 4.3.2 Image classification approaches -- 4.3.3 Image-processing techniques -- 4.3.4 Postprocessing and GIS work flow -- 4.4 MAPPING DEBRIS-COVERED ICE -- 4.5 THERMAL IMAGING.
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4.6 MICROWAVE/SAR METHODS -- 4.7 SPECTRAL CHANGE DETECTION AND TEMPORAL DATA MERGING -- 4.7.1 Overview -- 4.7.2 Image change evaluation by subtraction of multispectral anniversary pairs (ICESMAP) -- 4.8 ICE FLOW -- 4.8.1 Image choice and preprocessing for image matching -- 4.8.2 Image-matching techniques -- 4.8.3 Postprocessing and analysis -- 4.8.4 Accuracy -- 4.8.5 SAR offset tracking and interferometry -- 4.9 CHALLENGES, CONCLUSIONS, AND PERSPECTIVES -- 4.10 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 4.11 REFERENCES -- 5 Digital terrain modeling and glacier topographic characterization -- ABSTRACT -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 BACKGROUND -- 5.3 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL GENERATION -- 5.3.1 Source data -- 5.3.2 Aerial and satellite image stereoscopy -- 5.3.3 Ground control points -- 5.3.5 Postprocessing (interpolation and smoothing) -- 5.3.6 Data fusion -- 5.4 DEM ERROR AND UNCERTAINTY -- 5.4.1 Representation of DEM error and uncertainty -- 5.4.2 Type and origin of errors -- 5.5 GEOMORPHOMETRY -- 5.5.1 Geomorphometric land surface parameters -- 5.5.2 Scale-dependent analysis -- 5.5.3 Topographic radiation modeling -- 5.5.4 Altitude functions -- 5.5.5 Glacier elevation changes and mass balance calculations -- 5.6 GLACIER MAPPING -- 5.6.1 Pattern recognition -- 5.6.2 Artificial intelligence techniques -- 5.6.3 Object-oriented mapping -- 5.7 DISCUSSION -- 5.9 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 5.8 CONCLUSIONS -- 5.10 REFERENCES -- 6 ASTER datasets and derived products for global glacier monitoring -- ABSTRACT -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 ASTER DATA ACCESS AND USE POLICY -- 6.3 ASTER DATA -- 6.3.1 Performance of ASTER VNIR, SWIR, and TIR -- 6.4 ASTER DATA-PROCESSING STREAM -- 6.4.1 Standard Level 1A and Level 1B -- 6.4.2 ASTER standard higher level products -- 6.5 ASTER DATA FOR GLIMS: STARS, DARs, GAIN SETTINGS, AND IMAGE SEASONS -- 6.6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 6.7 REFERENCES.
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7 Quality in the GLIMS Glacier Database -- ABSTRACT -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 STANDARD METHODS AND TOOLS -- 7.3 ACCURACY AND PRECISION IN GLACIER MAPPING -- 7.4 GLACIER ANALYSIS COMPARISON EXPERIMENTS (GLACE) -- 7.4.1 GLACE 1 and GLACE 2 -- 7.4.2 GLACE 2A and GLACE 3A (manual digitization) -- 7.5 GLACE RESULTS -- 7.5.1 GLACE 1 and GLACE 2 -- 7.5.2 GLACE 2A and GLACE 3A -- 7.5.3 Discussion -- 7.6 GLIMS GLACIER DATABASE AND THE DATA INGEST PROCESS -- 7.6.1 Ingest quality control steps -- 7.6.2 Representation of measurement error -- 7.6.3 Derived parameters in the database -- 7.7 CONCLUSION -- 7.8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 7.9 REFERENCES -- 8 Glacier fluctuations and dynamics around the margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet -- ABSTRACT -- 8.1 GREENLAND GLACIOLOGY -- 8.1.1 Ice sheet mass changes -- 8.2 CASE STUDY 1: CENTRAL EAST GREENLAND MARGIN FLUCTUATIONS AND CLIMATESENSITIVITY FROM A GLIMS GLACIER INVENTORY AND ASTER GDEM -- 8.2.1 Introduction -- 8.2.2 Methods -- 8.2.3 Results -- 8.3 CASE STUDY 2: A COMPARISON OF HIGH-RATE GPS AND ASTERDERIVED MEASUREMENTS ON HELHEIM GLACIER -- 8.3.1 Introduction -- 8.3.2 Data -- 8.3.3 Results -- 8.4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION -- 8.5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 8.6 REFERENCES -- 9 Remote sensing of recent glacier changes in the Canadian Arctic -- ABSTRACT -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 REGIONAL CONTEXT -- 9.2.1 Geology and physiography -- 9.2.2 Climate and recent climate trends in the Canadian Arctic -- 9.2.3 Glacier characteristics -- 9.3 SPECIAL TOPICS: REGIONAL GLACIER MASS BALANCE AND PROXY INDICATORS -- 9.3.1 Surface mass balance and mass balance changes -- 9.3.2 Summer melt -- 9.3.3 Ice flow and iceberg-calving fluxes -- 9.4 CASE STUDIES -- 9.4.1 Surge-type glaciers -- 9.4.2 Northern Ellesmere Island ice shelves -- 9.5 REGIONAL SYNTHESIS: RECENT CHANGES IN EQUILIBRIUM LINE ALTITUDE AND GLACIER EXTENT -- 9.5.1 Methodology.
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9.5.2 Results -- 9.6 KEY ISSUE -- 9.6.1 Changes in glacier surface elevation, volume, and mass -- sealevel contributions -- 9.7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- 9.8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 9.9 REFERENCES -- 10 A digital glacier database for Svalbard -- ABSTRACT -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 REGIONAL CONTEXT -- 10.3 DATABASE STRUCTURE -- 10.4 DATA -- 10.4.1 The original Topographic Map Series of Svalbard (S100)-1936/1966/1971 -- 10.4.2 The 1990 photogrammetric survey -- 10.4.3 The satellite dataset -- 10.5 METHODOLOGY -- 10.5.1 Creation of glacier outlines from cartographic data for the 1936/1966/1971 dataset -- 10.5.2 Creation of outlines from cartographic data for the 1990 dataset -- 10.5.3 Creation of outlines from satellite data for the 2001-2010 dataset -- 10.5.4 Glacier and snow patches smaller than 1 km2 -- 10.6 RESULTS -- 10.7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- 10.9 REFERENCES -- 10.8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 11 Alaska: Glaciers of Kenai Fjords National Park and Katmai National Park and Preserve -- ABSTRACT -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION -- 11.2 REGIONAL CONTEXT -- 11.2.1 Geographic/topographic/environmental setting -- 11.2.2 Climate -- 11.2.3 Glacier characteristics-Kenai -- 11.2.4 Glacier characteristics-Katmai -- 11.2.3 Glacier characteristics-Kenai Fjords National Park -- 11.3 PROCEDURES FOR ANALYSIS OF GLACIER CHANGES -- 11.3.1 Imagery classification -- 11.3.3 Manual editing -- 11.3.2 Complicating issues -- 11.4 SATELLITE IMAGERY INTERPRETATION ACCURACY -- 11.5 AREAL EXTENT-GLACIER ICE -- 11.5.1 Kenai Fjords National Park -- 11.5.2 Katmai National Park and Preserve -- 11.6 TERMINUS POSITION MEASUREMENTS -- 11.6.1 Methodology -- 11.6.2 Kenai Fjords National Park -- 11.6.3 Katmai National Park and Preserve -- 11.7 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- 11.8 REFERENCES -- 12 Glacier-dammed ice-marginal lakes of Alaska -- ABSTRACT -- 12.1 INTRODUCTION.
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12.2 REGIONAL CONTEXT.
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