Note: Intro -- Angiogenesis Assays -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- List of contributors -- 1 Endothelial cell biology -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Morphology of the endothelium -- 1.3 Endothelial cell adhesion and interactions -- 1.4 Coagulation and haemostasis -- 1.5 Transport -- 1.6 Angiogenesis -- 1.7 Isolation and culture of endothelial cells -- 1.8 Endothelial cell heterogeneity and organ specificity -- 1.9 Gene expression in endothelial cells -- 1.10 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Endothelial cell proliferation assays -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Cell proliferation -- 2.3 Cell proliferation assays -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Endothelial cell migration assays -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Transfilter assay -- 3.3 'Wound healing' assay -- 3.4 Teflon fence assay -- 3.5 Phagokinetic track assay -- 3.6 In/ex vivo approaches for studying endothelial cell migration -- 3.7 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Tubule formation assays -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Endothelial cell sources -- 4.3 Endothelial cell morphology and tubule formation -- 4.4 Tubule assay matrices -- 4.5 2D assay protocols -- 4.6 Analysis of tubule formation in 2D assays -- 4.7 Recent developments in 2D assays -- 4.8 3D assays -- 4.9 Analysis of 3D assays -- 4.10 Co-culture assays -- 4.11 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Modelling the effects of the haemodynamic environmenton endothelial cell responses relevant to angiogenesis -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Definitions -- 5.3 Experimental patterns of shear exposure and relevance to angiogenesis assays -- 5.4 Methods for studying responses of endothelial cells exposed to shear stress -- 5.5 Readouts in flow cultures relevant to angiogenesis -- 5.6 Critical considerations and conclusions -- References -- 6 Whole or partial vessel outgrowth assays -- Abstract -- 6.1 Introduction. , 6.2 Rat aortic ring assay -- 6.3 Mouse aorta models -- 6.4 Chick aortic arch assay -- 6.5 Porcine carotid artery assay -- 6.6 Human explant cultures -- 6.7 Recent developments -- 6.8 Quantification -- 6.9 Strengths and weaknesses of organ culture assays -- 6.10 Applications -- 6.11 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Assaying endothelial-mural cell interactions -- Abstract -- 7.1 2D models to study endothelial-mural cell interactions -- 7.2 3D models to study blood vessel assembly -- 7.3 Summary -- References -- 8 Assays for membrane and intracellular signalling events -- Abstract -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The endothelial caveolae as the organizers of efficient spatial signal transduction mechanisms -- 8.3 The prostaglandins forming system: regulation of signal transduction and angiogenesis -- 8.4 Use of antisense oligo and siRNA to evaluate the function of single signalling molecules -- 8.5 Knocking down and knocking out Caveolin-1 gene -- 8.6 Analysing protein-protein interactions in signalling molecules involved in angiogenesis -- 8.7 Final remarks -- References -- 9 Implantation of sponges and polymers -- Abstract -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Materials used in implantation techniques -- 9.3 Implantation technique for assessment of inflammatory processes -- 9.4 Implantation technique for assessment of systemic pathological conditions -- 9.5 Implantation technique for assessment of tumour angiogenesis -- 9.6 Implantation technique for assessment of inflammatory angiogenesis in genetically modified mice -- 9.7 Applications of cannulated sponge model for testing angiogenesis modulators -- 9.8 Techniques for assessment of the vascularization in implants -- 9.9 Summary of cannulated sponge assay: advantages and disadvantages -- References -- 10 Angiogenesis assays in the chick -- Abstract -- 10.1 Introduction. , 10.2 Overview of the basic 'in shell' CAM assay -- 10.3 Variations on the CAM assay -- 10.4 Summary of the CAM assay: disadvantages and advantages -- References -- 11 Corneal angiogenesis assay -- Abstract -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Anatomy and histology -- 11.3 Brief history of CNV assays -- 11.4 The process of corneal neovascularization -- 11.5 Experimental induction of corneal neovascularization -- 11.6 Discussion and conclusions -- References -- 12 Dorsal air sac model -- Abstract -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Preparation of the DAS model -- 12.3 Evaluation of anti-angiogenic photodynamic therapy using a DAS model -- 12.4 Determination of blood volume or blood flow in the angiogenic site using the DAS model -- 12.5 Quantitative or semi-quantitative analysis of angiogenesis in the DAS model -- 12.6 Isolation and application of neovessel-targeting probe using DAS model -- 12.7 Conclusions -- References -- 13 Chamber assays -- Abstract -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 In vivo imaging of angiogenesis and microcirculation -- 13.3 Chamber assays -- 13.4 Physiological angiogenesis -- 13.5 Tumour angiogenesis -- 13.6 Angiogenesis in endometriosis -- 13.7 Angiogenesis in wound and bone healing -- 13.8 Angiogenesis in ischaemia and hypoxia -- 13.9 Angiogenesis in transplantation -- 13.10 Angiogenesis in biomaterial incorporation -- 13.11 Angiogenesis in tissue engineering -- 13.12 Conclusions and perspectives -- References -- 14 Tumour models: analysis of angiogenesis in vivo -- Abstract -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Tumour microenvironment and angiogenesis -- 14.3 Tumour models -- 14.4 Subcutaneous tumour models -- 14.5 Orthotopic tumour models -- 14.6 Transgenic mouse models of tumour angiogenesis -- 14.7 Monitoring vascular permeability -- 14.8 Analysis of angiogenesis in tumours -- 14.9 Conclusions -- References. , 15 Angiomouse: imageable models of angiogenesis -- Abstract -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Fluorescent proteins to image angiogenesis -- 15.3 Dual-colour tumour host models -- 15.4 ND-GFP mouse model -- 15.5 Methods of angiogenesis analysis in GFP models -- 15.6 Conclusions -- References -- 16 Techniques and advances in vascular imaging in Danio rerio -- Abstract -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Visualizing the developing vasculature -- 16.3 In situ hybridization reveals vascular specific expression -- 16.4 Vascular specific fluorescent reporter lines -- 16.5 Chemical mutagenesis screens reveal novel genes involved in cardiovascular development -- 16.6 Conclusions -- References -- 17 Biological and clinical implications of recruitment of stem cells into angiogenesis -- Abstract -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Phenotypic and functional characterization of EPCS -- 17.3 Mobilization, homing and differentiation of EPCS -- 17.4 Ageing -- 17.5 Therapeutic applications -- 17.6 Conclusions -- References -- 18 Methods for monitoring of the anti-angiogenic activity of agents in patients: novel trial design -- Abstract -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Tumour micro-environmental factors -- 18.3 Possible mechanisms of acquired resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs -- 18.4 Standard chemotherapy versus angiogenesis inhibitors -- 18.5 Monitoring clinical trials -- 18.6 Tumour dormancy and tumour progression -- 18.7 Tumour markers -- 18.8 Microvessel density -- 18.9 Surrogate endpoints -- 18.10 Molecular imaging -- 18.11 New insights into trial design -- 18.12 Concluding remarks -- References -- 19 An overview of current angiogenesis assays: Choice of assay, precautions in interpretation, future requirements and directions -- Abstract -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 In vitro assays -- 19.3 In vivo assays -- 19.4 Clinical trials -- 19.5 Future directions -- 19.6 Concluding comments. , References -- Index -- Colour Section.