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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 18 (1997), S. 297 -302 
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Key words: Heart rate variability — Time-domain measurements — Frequency-domain measurements — Infants — Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Heart rate variability is a noninvasive index of the neural activity of the heart. The present study examined heart rate variability indices in 210 infants and children aged 3 days to 14 years to obtain normal ranges for all age classes. Heart rate variability was measured by calculating mean RR interval over the length of the analysis, mean RR interval during quiet sleep, 5 time-domain (SDNN, SDNN-i, SDANN-i, r-MSSD, pNN50), and 4 frequency-domain (VLF, LF, HF, LF/HF ratio) indices. Our data show a significant positive correlation between all indices and the mean RR interval over the length of the analysis, except for the LF/HF ratio for which the correlation was binomial. A positive power correlation was also found between all parameters and age. The multiple correlation analysis confirmed the independent effect of age and mean RR interval on the heart rate variability. These data in a healthy pediatric population confirm a progressive maturation of the autonomic nervous system during childhood and may be utilized to examine the effects of underlying disease processes or therapeutic interventions on cardiac autonomic tone during infancy and childhood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 389-390 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Pharmakokinetik ; Herzglykoside ; Serum-Digoxin-Spiegel ; Serum-Digoxin-Halbwertszeit ; Neugeborene ; Pharmacokinetics ; Cardiac glycosides ; Serum digoxin concentration ; Serum digoxin half-life ; Newborns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Serum digoxin concentration and half-life were radioimmunologically determined in 9 mature newborns after 7 days medication with digoxin. The newborns were in respiratory distress treated with continuous positive airway pressure or were suspected to have serious congenital heart disease. Loading dose was 26 µg/kg body weight intravenously and 35 µg/kg body weight orally, respectively. Maintenance dose corresponded to 1/8th of the digitalization dose twice daily. The serum digoxin level 12 h after the last dose varied between 1.4 and 2.5 ng/ml (mean 2.0 ng/ml, Sx=0.4). The serum half-life of digoxin varied between 21.7 and 42.4 h (mean 30.0 h, Sx=7.7). The mean serum half-life of digoxin of 30 h attained values found in adults without renal disease. This suggests that the serum digoxin levels of newborns which are usually higher if compared with those of adults result from higher digoxin doses per unit body weight and not from diminished digoxin elimination.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 9 reifen Neugeborenen wurden nach 7tägiger Digoxin-Behandlung Serum-Spiegel und Halbwertszeit von Digoxin radioimmunologisch ermittelt. Die Behandlung erfolgte wegen eines Atemnotsyndroms, das mit kontinuierlich positivem Atemwegsdruck behandelt wurde, oder wegen Verdachts auf schwerwiegenden angeborenen Herzfehler. Die Sättigungsdosis betrug 26 µg/kg bei intravenöser bzw. 35 µg/kg bei oraler Applikation. Die Erhaltungsdosis betrug zweimal täglich 1/8 der Aufsättigungsdosis. Die Digoxin-Spiegel 12 h nach der letzten Dosis variierten zwischen 1.4 und 2.5 ng/ml (Mittelwert 2.0 ng/ml, Sx=0.4), die Halbwertszeit zwischen 21.7 und 42.4 h (Mittelwert 30.0 h, Sx=7.7). Die mittlere Halbwertszeit von 30 h liegt in einer Größenordnung, wie sie bei nierengesunden Erwachsenen gefunden wird. Man kann daher vermuten, daß die im Vergleich zum Erwachsenen gewöhnlich höheren Serum-Digoxin-Spiegel des Neugeborenen Folge einer höheren Digoxindosis pro kg Körpergewicht und nicht einer verminderten Elimination sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 93-95 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Plasma digoxin concentration ; Age-dependent pharmacokinetics of digoxin ; Plasma-Digoxin-Konzentration ; Altersabhängige Pharmakokinetik von Digoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchten die Plasma-Digoxin-Konzentrationen während der Erhaltungstherapie mit Digoxin bei unreifen und reifen Neugeborenen, Säuglingen, Kindern und Erwachsenen. Die Plasma-Digoxin-Konzentration der Neugeborenen war signifikant höher als diejenige der Erwachsenen; zusätzlich in der Gruppe der unreifen Neugeborenen auch höher als bei Säuglingen und Kindern. Diese Unterschiede in den Plasma-Digoxin-Konzentrationen erklären sich durch Unterschiede in der Dosis, dem Verteilungsraum und der Exkretionsrate von Digoxin in den einzelnen Altersgruppen.
    Notes: Summary Plasma digoxin concentration during maintenance therapy with digoxin was determined in premature and mature newborns, infants, children and adults. The plasma digoxin concentration of newborns was significantly higher than in adults; in addition, in the group of premature newborns it also was higher than in infants and children. These differences in plasma digoxin concentrations may be explained by differences in dose, volume of distribution and excretion rate of digoxin in the various age groups.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 497-498 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma catecholamine concentrations in 46 children of various ages were determined by a sensitive radioenzymatic assay. Noradrenaline levels were found to be in the same range as in adults, whereas adrenaline levels in a few of the children were abnormally high.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 871-871 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma catecholamine concentrations in 46 children of various ages were determined by a sensitive radioenzymatic assay. Noradrenaline levels were found to be in the same range as in adults, whereas adrenaline levels in a few of the children were abnormally high.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 128 (1978), S. 151-161 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Newborns ; Infants ; Postmortem tissue and plasma digoxin concentrations ; Tissue digoxin content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Postmortem tissue and plasma concentrations of digoxin were studied in 13 premature newborns, 6 mature newborns, and 5 older infants (age 1 to 14 months). The pertinent results of our study are as follows: The tissue digoxin concentrations tend to be higher in premature and mature newborns than in infants. This difference is statistically significant with respect to the concentration in myocardium and skeletal muscle. The renal digoxin concentration of premature newborns is significantly lower than that of mature newborns, the tissue concentrations in the other organs examined being essentially equal. In all age groups examined, skeletal muscle contains the greatest portion of digoxin, followed by the liver. The relation of myocardial to plasma digoxin concentration shows no significant difference between the various age groups. Within the groups, the variation is relatively large.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 134 (1980), S. 87-90 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Cyclophosphamide ; Cardiomyopathy ; Bone marrow transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 12-year-old boy with aplastic anemia developed severe but reversible cardiac failure after treatment with 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (4×50 mg/kg on four consecutive days) given as preparation for bone marrow grafting. This and previously reported cases demonstrate the possibility of cardiotoxicity after high doses of the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: QT-syndrome ; Adams-Stokes-attack ; Ventricular tachyarrhythmia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Forty children with presumed ventricular tachyarrhythmic syncopes in the absence of structural heart disease were studied. Twenty-nine patients, one of whom was deaf, had a prolonged QT-interval in the resting electrocardiogram (Group 1); eleven patients had a normal QT-interval (Group 2). The median QTc-interval was 0.51s in Group 1 and 0.40s in Group 2. Familial occurence suggesting autosomal dominant inheritance was found in 21 of 28 normally hearing patients in Group 1 and in 2 of 11 patients in Group 2. Syncopes were definitely stress-induced in 22 patients in Group 1 and in all 11 patients in Group 2. Of 23 patients in Group 1 in whom an electrocardiogram was obtained during physical exercise, only one showed severe ventricular dysrhythmia. In contrast, all eleven patients in Group 2 developed severe ventricular dysrhythmia with exercice. Treatment with beta-blocking medication prevented further syncopes in 15 of 19 patients with several previous attacks in Group 1 and in 3 of 5 patients of Group 2. Four of the 29 patients in Group 1 died suddenly and one more remained apallic after an attack. Of the 11 patients in Group 2, four died suddenly and one retains severe cerebral damage after resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation. We conclude that, besides the group of patients with the long QT-syndrome, there may be a distinct group of patients with a consistently normal QT-interval and severe ventricular dysrhythmia with exercise. Patients of both groups are threatened by sudden death and are improved by treatment with beta-blocking medication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1990), S. 452-456 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Marfan syndrome ; Cardiovascular manifestation ; Height and weight per centiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Forty-eight children and adolescents (mean age 10.5 years, range 1.25–18 years) with clinical evidence of Marfan syndrome were studies. Height and weight percentiles were established. Cardiac dimensions and morphology were studied by M-mode and 2D-echocardiography. At diagnosis left atrial and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular posterior wall thickness were within normal limits except in a few adolescent patients. Interventricular septum was thickened in about 20% and aortic diameter increased in 56% of the patients. An additional 13% of patients developed aortic dilation during the study period. At diagnosis regression analysis revealed a significant (P〈0.05) correlation of the aortic diameter, septal thickness and the posterior left ventricular wall thickness and body surface area. Follow up studies of 19 patients allowed documentation of the development of aortic root dilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 142 (1984), S. 121-125 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Childhood epilepsy ; ACTH treatment ; Cardiac hypertrophy ; Echocardiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The usefulness of ACTH in the treatment of childhood epilepsy is assessed by improvement in the EEG and in the clinical condition. However, pronounced side effects, even serious ones, must be encountered. The most common complications are Cushing syndrome, infections, and arterial hypertension. We report on seven patients with infantile myoclonic seizures, who exhibited myocardial hypertrophy with increased left ventricular function during ACTH treatment. These changes were detected and followed by serial echocardiographic investigations. Within a period of 5 months after the termination of ACTH therapy the abnormal echocardiographic findings disappeared. We believe that the cardiac hypertrophy is ACTH-induced. Based on the various biological effects of ACTH different explanations are proposed: oedema or deposition of glycogen in the myocardial tissue, hyperinsulinism, arterial hypertension and increased inotropic stimulus. Because of our observations, we suggest careful monitoring of children treated with ACTH by performing serial echocardiographic investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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