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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heparinase Immobilization Characterization and Optimization (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 542 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb25880.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Non-invasive Blood Pressure Measurements on the Arm and Calf During Cesarean Delivery (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 16 (2000), S. 557-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: Blood pressure ; cesarean delivery ; equipment ; obstetrics ; spinal anesthesia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective. Shivering may occur in 75% of women undergoing spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery and may render an automated noninvasive blood pressure (ANIBP) device incapable of determining blood pressure (BP). When patients shiver under spinal anesthesia, the lower extremities do not exhibit the same involuntary muscle movements as do the upper extremities. This study was undertaken to determine if a correlation exists between ANIBP measurements in the arm and calf of women undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Methods. We enrolled 73 women in this blinded, prospective study. Simultaneous arm and calf BP were measured with an ANIBP and differences between the two were determined. Results. We found significant differences between the average difference in systolic and in diastolic BP, no significant difference between the average mean BP, and a tendency for the systolic BP to be higher and the diastolic BP to be lower in the calf than in the arm; however, there was a large degree of variability among patients. Conclusion. We conclude that there is a poor correlation between the BP measured by an ANIBP on the calf and one on the arm. In the parturient undergoing cesarean section, lower extremity BP as measured by an ANIBP does not correlate with the arm ANIBP and should not be used to assure fetal wellbeing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012267312308
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of heparinase covalently immobilized to agarose: Experimental and theoretical studies (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 196-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An immobilized enzyme reactor has been developed to remove heparin, the anticoagulant that is required in all extracorporeal devices for patients undergoing open-heart surgery or kidney dialysis. The device uses the enzyme heparinase (EC 4.2.2.7), which is covalently linked to agarose with cyanogen bromide. A critical parameter in the development of a model for the degradation of heparin catalyzed by immobilized heparinase is the radial concentration profile of the enzyme within the agarose matrix. Experimental determinations of bound enzyme con centrations have been conducted previously for several enzyme systems using radioactive or fluorescent labels. For the development of the heparinase reactor it is necessary to use catalytically but not electrophoretically pure enzyme, and thus it is not possible to use the labeling techniques. To obtain information about the bound enzyme distribution, an experimental study of the intrinsic binding kinetics of heparinase to cyanogen bromide-activated agarose was conducted. The binding reaction was studied as a function of both the concentration of heparinase and the gel-reactive group. At conditions of functional group excess, the binding kinetics were pseudo first order in heparinase concentration with a rate constant equal to 0.12 Cc≡n (h-1), where Cc≡n is the gel-reactive group concentration. The reactive group concentration remained constant within the 2-4-h experiments. Competitive binding between heparinase and the protein contaminants was unimportant. A model was formulated for the immobilization procedure based on the diffusion of heparinase within the porous network and the binding kinetics as determined above. The model predicted the immobilization of heparinase to be kinetically controlled and the enzyme to distribute uniformly within the agarose matrix. These experimental techniques could be applied to predict the immobilized enzyme distribution for different enzyme systems that are not electrophoretically pure.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300209
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilized heparinase: In vitro reactor model (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 239-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Heparinase immobilized to agarose has previously been shown to be useful in degrading heparin and thereby preventing thromboembolytic complications when this anticoagulant has been used in extracorporeal perfusions. The current study examined the kinetics of this immobilized enzyme. When heparinase is covalently bound to 8% agarose, the partition coefficient of heparin in the catalytic particle is 0.36 ± 0.048 (N = 10). The immobilized enzyme has a Km of 0.15 ± 0.03 mg/mL and an activation energy of 10.3 ± 0.57 kcal/gmol (N = 5). These values are statistically indistinguishable from the values for the free enzyme. The immobilized enzyme showed a pH activity optimum between 7.0 and 7.4, compared to the optimum pH of 6.5 for the soluble enzyme. The activity optimum of immobilized heparinase with respect to salt concentration was between 0 and 0.1M. A reactor containing immobilized heparinase recirculating internally at 1300 mL/min behaved as a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) when solutions at a flow rate of 120 mL/min were passed through the device. The residence time distribution was determined using blue dextran (molecular weight 2 × 106 daltons), which is sterically excluded from the agarose catalyst. A model of the heparinase reactor based on ideal CSTR behavior and the immobilized enzyme kinetic parameters was developed. It accurately predicted experimental conversions over a range of catalyst volumes, enzyme loadings, and substrate concentrations to within 7% in most cases and with a maximum deviation of 13%.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300214
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of microparticulate protein powder using a supercritical fluid antisolvent (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 341-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: gas antisolvent process ; protein powders ; supercritical fluids ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gas antisolvent (GAS) expansion of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMFA) solutions with supercritical carbon dioxide was used to produce biologically active powders of insulin. Powders with 90% of the particles smaller than 4 μm and 10% smaller than 1 μm were obtained under all conditions tested when the process was operated continuously, with small liquid droplets sprayed into a flowing supercritical continuum. Slow pressurization of the stagnant protein solution resulted in larger particles. In vivo tests on rats revealed no differences between the biological activity of processed and unprocessed insulin, GAS processing of organic solution appears to be a reliable and effective method for the production of dry, biologically active microparticulate powders of peptides and proteins. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410308
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyanhydride microspheres. IV. Morphology and characterization of systems made by spray drying (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The morphology of bioerodible polyanhydride microspheres produced by spray drying is described. Microspheres prepared from a variety of homo- and copolymers were studied and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crystalline polymers, such as poly(sebacic anhydride) (P(SA)) and poly(fumaric acid) (P(FA)), yielded microspheres with a crenelated and porous surface, as judged by SEM. Polymers, with lower crystallinity, such as copolymers of carboxyphenoxypropane and sebacic acid P(CPP-SA), yielded microspheres with a smooth external surface. Polymer crystallinity decreased after spray drying, for both blank and drug loaded microspheres.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450115
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of metal salts on poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) polymer hydrolysis (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 34 (1997), S. 531-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The effects of encapsulated metal salts on poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) water uptake and degradation properties were investigated in this work. Salts of varying aqueous solubility characteristics were incorporated into PLGA films either as particles or by codissolution in polymer solutions. Polymer films were characterized with respect to the kinetics of water uptake, morphology changes, degradation, and weight loss after hydration. It was found that these properties are strongly influenced by the presence and nature of encapsulated salts. Effects range from minor changes in water uptake profile with no significant difference in degradation kinetics to major alterations in water uptake kinetics together with a several-fold decrease in the polymer degradation rate. Possible mechanistic explanations for the observed effects are discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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