Note: Front Cover -- Atom Interferometry -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Optics and Interferometry with Atoms and Molecules -- I. Introduction -- II. Beam Machine -- III. Optics for Atoms and Molecules -- IV. Interferometry with Atoms and Molecules -- V. Atom Interferometry Techniques -- VI. Measuring Atomic and Molecular Properties -- VII. Fundamental Studies -- VIII. Inertial Effects -- IX. Outlook -- Appendix: Frequently Used Symbols -- References -- Chapter 2. Classical and Quantum Atom Fringes -- I. Introduction -- II. Experimental Apparatus -- III. Classical Atom Fringes: The Moire Experiment -- IV. Quantum Fringes: The Interferometer -- V. Comparing Classical and Quantum Fringes: The Classical Analog to an Interferometer -- VI. Atoms in Light Crystals -- References -- Chapter 3. Generalized Talbot-Lau Atom Interferometry -- I. Introduction -- II. SBE Interferometry -- III. GTL Interferometry vs. SBE Interferometry -- IV. What Happens When Frauenhofer Diffraction Orders Overlap? -- V. Historical Development of the Generalized Talbot Effect -- VI. Spatial Properties of the Generalized Talbot Effect "Image -- VII. Wavelength Dependence of the Spatial Spectrum of the Fringe Intensity -- VIII. The Lau Effect -- IX. The Talbot Interferometer -- X. Generalized Lens-Free Talbot-Lau Interferometers -- XI. Fresnel Diffraction and the Talbot Effect with a Spatially Varying Potential -- XII. GTL Atom Interferometry Experiments with K and Li2 -- XIII. Talbot Interferometer Using Na -- XIV. "Heisenberg Microscope" Decoherence GTL Atom Interferometry -- XV. Conclusions and Future Applications -- Appendix: Kirchoff Diffraction with Spatially Varying V ( r ) -- References -- Chapter 4. Interferometry with Metastable Rare Gas Atoms -- I. Introduction -- II. Atomic Beam Source -- III. Young's Double-Slit Experiment. , IV. Holographic Manipulation of Atoms -- V. Two-Atom Correlation -- References -- Chapter 5. Classical and Nonclassical Atom Optics -- I. Introduction -- II. Models and Notation -- III. Atom Focusing and Applications -- IV. Correlation Experiments with Atoms and Photons -- V. Scheme for an Atomic Boson Laser -- References -- Chapter 6. Atom Interferometry and the Quantum Theory of Measurement -- I. Introduction -- II. Fundamental Physics and Atom Interferometers -- III. The Stern-Gerlach Interferometer -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7. Matter-Wave Interferometers: A Synthetic Approach -- I. Physics of the Generalized Beam Splitter -- II. Architecture of Interferometers -- III. Sensitivity to Gravitational and Electromagnetic Fields: A Unified Approach through the Dirac Equation -- IV. Conclusions and Directions of Future Progress -- References -- Chapter 8. Atom Interferometry Based on Separated Light Fields -- I. Introduction -- II. Theoretical Framework -- III. Discussion of Different Types of Interferometers -- IV. Experimental Realization of Borde Interferometry -- V. Precision Determination of Physical Quantities -- VI. Geometrical and Topological Phases -- VII. Influence of the Quantum-Mechanical Measurement Process in the Interferometer -- VIII. Applications of Atom Interferometry in Optical Frequency Standards -- IX. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9. Precision Atom Interferometry with Light Pulses -- I. Introduction -- II. Interferometer Theory -- III. Multiphoton Transitions -- IV. Inertial Force Measurements -- V. Photon-Recoil Measurement -- VI. Experimental Techniques -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10. Atom Interference Using Microfabricated Structures -- I. Introduction -- II. Qualitative Considerations -- III. Talbot Effect -- IV. Shadow Effect with Microfabricated Structures -- V. Talbot-Lau Effect. , VI. Talbot and Talbot-Lau Effects in a Thermal Atomic Beam -- VII. Conclusions -- Appendix -- References -- INDEX.

Note: Intro -- Half Title -- Editors -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Ultracold Few-Body Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Interactions in Ultracold Gases -- 2.1 External Field Control of Interatomic Interactions -- 2.2 Interaction Models -- 2.2.1 The Zero-Range Model -- 2.2.2 Single and Multichannel Models -- 3 Efimov Physics in Ultracold Quantum Gases -- 3.1 Methods to Explore Three-Body Systems -- 3.1.1 Hyperspherical Coordinates -- 3.1.2 Other Methods for Solving the Few-Body Schrödinger Equation -- 3.1.3 Analytically Extracting Ultracold Inelastic Rates -- 3.2 The Efimov Effect vs Efimov Physics -- 3.2.1 Conditions for the Efimov Effect -- 3.2.2 Ultracold Three-Body Scattering Rates -- 3.3 Experimental Observations in Ultracold Gases -- 4 Beyond the Efimov Scenario -- 4.1 Efimov Effect at Finite Scattering Energies -- 4.1.1 Energy-Dependent Efimov Features When a> -- 0 -- 4.1.2 Energy-Dependent Efimov Features When a< -- 0 -- 4.1.3 Observing Finite Energy Efimov Features via BEC Collisions -- 4.2 Finite-Range Effects -- 4.3 Efimov Physics for Narrow Feshbach Resonances -- 4.3.1 Three Identical Bosons BBB -- 4.3.2 Two-Component Fermion Systems FFF' -- 4.4 Efimov Physics Beyond Three-Body Systems -- 4.4.1 Universal Four-Body States for Identical Bosons -- 4.4.2 Four-Body Efimov Physics for BBBL Systems -- 4.4.3 Four-Body ``Efimov Effect'' in FFFL Systems -- 4.4.4 Not Too Few, But Not So Many -- 4.5 Forms of Interactions Beyond Efimov -- 4.5.1 Three-Body States with -1/r Two-Body Interactions -- 4.5.2 Three-Body States with -1/r2 Two-Body Interactions -- 5 Other Three-Body Systems Relevant for Cold Atom Physics -- 5.1 Three Helium Atoms -- 5.2 Three-Body Systems with Alkali-Metal and Helium or Hydrogen Atoms -- 6 Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Shortcuts to Adiabaticity -- 1 Introduction. , 2 General Formalisms -- 2.1 Invariant-Based Inverse Engineering -- 2.2 Counterdiabatic or Transitionless Tracking Approach -- 2.3 Fast-Forward Approach -- 2.4 Alternative Shortcuts Through Unitary Transformations -- 2.5 Optimal Control Theory -- 3 Expansions of Trapped Particles -- 3.1 Transient Energy Excitation -- 3.2 Three-Dimensional Effects -- 3.3 Bose-Einstein Condensates -- 3.4 Strongly Correlated Gases -- 3.5 Experimental Realization -- 3.6 Optimal Control -- 3.7 Other Applications -- 4 Transport -- 4.1 Invariant-Based Shortcuts for Transport -- 4.2 Transport of a Bose-Einstein Condensate -- 5 Internal State Engineering -- 5.1 Population Inversion in Two-Level Systems -- 5.2 Effect of Noise and Perturbations -- 5.3 Three-Level Systems -- 5.4 Spintronics -- 5.5 Experiments -- 6 Wavepacket Splitting -- 7 Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Excitons and Cavity Polaritons for Optical Lattice Ultracold Atoms -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ultracold Atoms in an Optical Lattice as Artificial Crystals -- 2.1 Superfluid to Mott-Insulator Transitions -- 2.2 Mott Insulator for a Two-Component Bose-Hubbard Model -- 3 Excitons in Optical Lattices -- 3.1 Resonance Dipole-Dipole Interactions -- 3.2 One-Dimensional Atomic Chains -- 3.3 Two-Dimensional Planar Optical Lattices -- 3.4 Radiative Decay of Excitons -- 3.5 Excitons in Optical Lattices with Two Atoms per Site -- 3.6 Coherent Transfer of Excitons among Optical Lattices -- 4 Cavity QED with Excitons: Polaritons -- 4.1 Quantum Phases for an Optical Lattice Within a Cavity -- 4.2 Cavity Polaritons of Planar Two-Dimensional Optical Lattices -- 4.2.1 Two Atoms per Site Optical Lattice in a Planar Cavity -- 4.3 Optical Lattices with Oriented Dipoles -- 4.4 Finite Atomic Chain in an Optical Cavity -- 4.5 One-Dimensional Optical Lattice Coupled to a Tapered Nanofiber. , 5 Optical Lattices with Defects: Beyond the Mott Insulator State -- 5.1 Collective States of Atoms Excited into Higher Bloch Bands -- 5.2 Excitons and Polaritons Scattering by Defects in the Mott Insulator -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Quantum Science and Metrology with Mixed-Species Ion Chains -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Normal Modes of Mixed-Species Chains -- 2.1 Mass-Dependent Potentials and Stability -- 2.2 Stability of Ion Motion -- 2.3 Normal Mode Analysis -- 2.4 Normal Mode Characteristics -- 2.5 Shifts in Normal Modes Due to Additional Effects -- 2.6 Normal Mode Diagnostics -- 2.7 Compensation of Stray Fields -- 3 Sympathetic Cooling -- 3.1 Laser Cooling of Mixed-Ion Chains -- 3.2 Heating Due to Fluctuating Electric Fields -- 3.3 Improving Cooling Rates for Radial Modes -- 4 Re-Ordering Ions of Different Mass -- 4.1 Symmetric Ordering, Heavy Ions Centered -- 4.2 Asymmetric Ordering -- 5 Quantum Logic Readout -- 5.1 Population-Preserving ``Non-Demolition'' Readout -- 5.2 Readout Using Coherent State-Dependent Forces -- 6 Quantum Computation -- 6.1 Experimental Demonstrations -- 7 Quantum State Engineering -- 7.1 Motional State Engineering -- 7.2 Entanglement of Internal States -- 8 Molecular Cooling and Control -- 9 Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Limits to Resolution of CW STED Microscopy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theory -- 3 Experiment Setup -- 4 Results -- 5 Summary and Outlook -- Appendix A Confocal Resolution -- Appendix B Debye Diffraction Integral -- Appendix C Optimal Filling of the Objective -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Ultrafast High Power and Stabilized Semiconductor Diode Lasers-Physics, Techniques, and Applications in Coherent Signal Processing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background Physics -- 2.1 Concept of Classic Gain Saturation versus Carrier Heating Induced Gain Saturation. , 2.2 Linear and Nonlinear Effects Induced by Gain Dynamics-Dispersion and Self-Phase Modulation -- 2.2.1 Self-Phase Modulation -- 2.2.2 Linear Dispersion -- 2.2.3 Saturable Absorption -- 2.3 Harmonic Mode-Locking and Low Noise Operation -- 2.4 Summary of Underlying Concepts -- 3 Experimental Configurations for Mode-Locked Semiconductor Diode Lasers -- 3.1 Dispersion Managed (Breathing Mode) Mode-Locked Diode Laser -- 3.2 High Pulse Energies-Extreme Chirped Pulse Amplification -- 3.3 The Theta Laser: An XCPA Oscillator -- 3.3.1 Theta Laser Performance -- 3.4 Low Noise Laser -- 3.5 Concluding Remarks on Pulse Generation Methods and Results -- 4 Applications -- 4.1 OAWG Theory -- 4.1.1 Time-Domain Interleaving for Arbitrary Sine Waves and Chirps -- 4.2 Pulse-Shaping -- 4.3 Arbitrary Waveform Measurement -- 4.3.1 Conceptual Description -- 4.3.2 Specific Experimental Examples -- 4.4 Matched Filtering -- 4.4.1 Coherent Detection Method for Code Discrimination -- 4.4.2 Experimental Configuration and Results -- 5 Summary, Concluding Remarks, and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z -- Contents of Volumes In This Serial.

Note: Front cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Experimental Realization of the BCS-BEC Crossover with a Fermi Gas of Atoms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. BCS-BEC Crossover Physics -- 3. Feshbach Resonances -- 4. Cooling a Fermi Gas and Measuring its Temperature -- 5. Elastic Scattering near Feshbach Resonances between Fermionic Atoms -- 6. Creating Molecules from a Fermi Gas of Atoms -- 7. Inelastic Collisions near a Fermionic Feshbach Resonance -- 8. Creating Condensates from a Fermi Gas of Atoms -- 9. The Momentum Distribution of a Fermi Gas in the Crossover -- 10. Conclusions and Future Directions -- 11. Acknowledgements -- 12. References -- Chapter 2. Deterministic Atom-Light Quantum Interface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Atom-Light Interaction -- 3. Quantum Information Protocols -- 4. Experimental Methods -- 5. Experimental Results -- 6. Conclusions -- 7. Acknowledgements -- 8. Appendices -- A. Effect of Atomic Motion -- B. Technical Details -- 9. References -- Chapter 3. Cold Rydberg Atoms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Preparation and Analysis of Cold Rydberg-Atom Clouds -- 3. Collision-Induced Rydberg-Atom Gas Dynamics -- 4. Towards Coherent Control of Rydberg-Atom Interactions -- 5. Rydberg-Atom Trapping -- 6. Experimental Realization of Rydberg-Atom Trapping -- 7. Landau Quantization and State Mixing in Cold, Strongly Magnetized Rydberg Atoms -- 8. Conclusion -- 9. Acknowledgements -- 10. References -- Chapter 4. Non-Perturbative Quantal Methods for Electron-Atom Scattering Processes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Configuration-Average Distorted-Wave Method -- 3. The R-Matrix with Pseudo-States Method -- 4. The Time-Dependent Close-Coupling Method -- 5. Results -- 6. Summary -- 7. Acknowledgements -- 8. References -- Chapter 5. R-Matrix Theory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Processes -- 1. Introduction. , 2. Electron Atom Scattering at Low Energies -- 3. Electron Scattering at Intermediate Energies -- 4. Atomic Photoionization and Photorecombination -- 5. Electron Molecule Scattering -- 6. Positron Atom Scattering -- 7. Atomic and Molecular Multiphoton Processes -- 8. Electron Energy Loss from Transition Metal Oxides -- 9. Conclusions -- 10. Acknowledgements -- 11. References -- Chapter 6. Electron-Impact Excitation of Rare-Gas Atoms from the Ground Level and Metastable Levels -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Electronic Structure -- 3. Experimental Methods -- 4. Background: Excitation of Helium and the Multipole Field Picture -- 5. Argon -- 6. Neon -- 7. Krypton -- 8. Xenon -- 9. Comparison to Theoretical Calculations -- 10. Conclusions -- 11. Acknowledgements -- 12. References -- Chapter 7. Internal Rotation in Symmetric Tops -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory -- 3. Spectroscopy from 50 kHz to 1000 cm-1 -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Acknowledgements -- 6. References -- Chapter 8. Attosecond and Angstrom Science -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tunnel Ionization and Electron Re-collision -- 3. Producing and Measuring Attosecond Optical Pulses -- 4. Measuring an Attosecond Electron Pulse -- 5. Attosecond Imaging -- 6. Imaging Electrons and Their Dynamics -- 7. Conclusion -- 8. References -- Chapter 9. Atomic Processing of Optically Carried RF Signals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Radio Frequency Spectral Analyzers -- 3. Spectrum Photography Architecture -- 4. Frequency Selective Materials as Programmable Filters -- 5. Rainbow Analyzer -- 6. Photon Echo Chirp Transform Spectrum Analyzer -- 7. Frequency Agile Laser Technology -- 8. Conclusion -- 9. Acknowledgements -- 10. References -- Chapter 10. Controlling Optical Chaos, Spatio-Temporal Dynamics, and Patterns -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Recent Examples -- 3. Control -- 4. Synchronization -- 5. Communication. , 6. Spatio-Temporal Chaos and Patterns -- 7. Outlook -- 8. Acknowledgement -- 9. References -- Index -- Contents of Volumes in this Serial.

Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter One: Detection of Metastable Atoms and Molecules using Rare Gas Matrices -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Concepts -- 2.1 Relevant Background -- 2.2 Principle of Operation of the Detector -- 3. Experimental Details -- 3.1 TOF Spectroscopy -- 3.2 Apparatus Details -- 3.3 Apparatus Performance -- 3.3.1 Spectral Output -- 3.3.2 Temperature Variation -- 3.3.3 Excimer Lifetimes -- 4. Calibrations -- 4.1 Calibration of O(1S) Production -- 4.2 Calibration of O(1D) Production -- 4.2 Calibration of the Electron Energy Scale -- 5. O(1S) Measurements -- 5.1 O2 -- 5.2 N2O -- 5.3 CO2 -- 5.4 CO -- 5.5 NO -- 5.6 H2O, D2O -- 5.7 SO2 -- 6. O(1D) Measurements -- 7. Sulfur Measurements -- 8. CO Measurements -- 9. Future Possibilities -- References -- Chapter Two: Interactions in Ultracold Rydberg Gases -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pair Interactions -- 2.1 Rydberg Pair Interaction and Important Issues -- 2.2 Calculation of Rydberg Pair Interactions -- 2.3 Angular Dependence -- 2.4 Experiments -- 3. Rydberg Atom Molecules -- 3.1 Trilobite Molecules -- 3.1.1 The Fermi Pseudo-Potential Picture of Trilobite Molecules -- 3.1.2 The Multichannel Quantum Defect Approach to Trilobite Molecules -- 3.1.3 External Fields -- 3.1.4 Features of the Trilobite Interaction Potentials -- 3.1.5 Molecular Frame Permanent Dipole Moments -- 3.1.6 Experimental Measurement of Trilobite Molecules -- 3.2 Macrodimers -- 3.2.1 Theory of Macrodimers -- 3.2.2 Experimental Detection of Macrodimers -- 4. Many-Body and Multiparticle Effects -- 4.1 Förster Resonance -- 4.2 Dipole Blockade -- 5. Conclusion and Perspectives -- Chapter Three: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the Early Universe: From Recombination to Reionization -- 1. Introduction. , 1.1 The Expanding Universe -- 1.2 The Thermal History of the Universe -- 1.3 The Need for Dark Matter -- 1.4 The Role of AMO Physics -- 1.5 Distance Measurements -- 1.6 Acronyms and Variables -- 2. Cosmological Recombination -- 2.1 What Is Cosmological Recombination All About? -- 2.1.1 Initial Conditions and Main Aspect of the Recombination Problem -- 2.1.2 The Three Stages of Recombination -- 2.1.3 What Is So Special About Cosmological Recombination? -- 2.2 Why Should We Bother? -- 2.2.1 Importance of Recombination for the CMB Anisotropies -- 2.2.2 Spectral Distortions from the Recombination Era -- 2.3 Why Do We Need Advanced Atomic Physics? -- 2.4 Simple Model for Hydrogen Recombination -- 2.5 Multilevel Recombination Model and Recfast -- 2.6 Detailed Recombination Physics During Hi Recombination -- 2.6.1 Two-Photon Transitions from Higher Levels -- 2.6.2 The Effect of Raman Scattering -- 2.6.3 Additional Small Corrections and Collision -- 2.7 Detailed Recombination Physics During Hei Recombination -- 2.8 HyRec and CosmoRec -- 3. Pregalactic Gas Chemistry -- 3.1 Fundamentals -- 3.2 Key Reactions -- 3.2.1 Molecular Hydrogen (H2) -- 3.2.2 Deuterated Molecular Hydrogen (HD) -- 3.2.3 Lithium Hydride -- 3.3 Complications -- 3.3.1 Spectral Distortion of the CMB -- 3.3.2 Stimulated Radiative Association -- 3.3.3 Influence of Rotational and Vibrational Excitation -- 4. Population III Star Formation -- 4.1 The Assembly of the First Protogalaxies -- 4.2 Gravitational Collapse and Star Formation -- 4.2.1 The Initial Collapse Phase -- 4.2.2 Three-Body H2 Formation -- 4.2.3 Transition to the Optically Thick Regime -- 4.2.4 Cooling at Very High Densities -- 4.2.5 Influence of Other Coolants -- 4.3 Evolution After the Formation of the First Protostar -- 5. The 21-cm Line of Atomic Hydrogen -- 5.1 Physics of the 21-cm Line -- 5.1.1 Basic 21-cm Physics. , 5.1.2 Collisional Coupling -- 5.1.3 Wouthuysen-Field Effect (Photon Coupling) -- 5.2 Global 21-cm Signature -- 5.2.1 Cosmic Dark Ages and Exotic Heating (zbold0mu mumu dotted40) -- 5.2.2 Lyman-α Coupling (zα z z ) -- 5.2.3 Gas Heating (zh z zα) -- 5.2.4 Growth of H II Regions (zr z zh) -- 5.2.5 Astrophysical Sources and Histories -- 5.3 21-cm Tomography -- 5.3.1 Fluctuations in the Spin Temperature -- 5.3.2 Gas Temperature -- 5.3.3 Ionization Fluctuations -- 5.3.4 Density and Minihalos -- 5.3.5 Redshift Space Distortions -- 6. The Reionization of Intergalactic Hydrogen -- 6.1 Sources of Reionization: Stars -- 6.2 Sources of Reionization: Quasars -- 6.2.1 Secondary Ionizations -- 6.3 The Growth of Ionized Bubbles -- 6.3.1 Photoionization Rates and Recombinations -- 6.3.2 Line Cooling -- 6.4 Reionization as a Global Process -- 7. Summary -- Appendix A. Acronyms -- Appendix B. Symbols -- Chapter Four: Atomic Data Needs for Understanding X-ray Astrophysical Plasmas -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Charge State Distribution -- 2.1 Ionization Processes -- 2.1.1 Collisional Ionization -- 2.1.2 Photoionization -- 2.1.3 Auger Ionization -- 2.2 Recombination -- 2.2.1 Dielectronic Recombination -- 2.2.2 Radiative Recombination -- 2.3 Charge Exchange -- 2.4 Future Needs -- 3. Spectral Features -- 3.1 Energy Levels and Wavelengths -- 3.2 Collisional Excitation Rates -- 3.2.1 H-Like Ions -- 3.2.2 He-Like Ions -- 3.2.3 Neon-Like Ions -- 3.2.4 Other Ions -- 3.3 Radiative Transition Rates (Bound-Bound) -- 3.4 Photoionization/Absorption (Bound-Free) Rates -- 3.5 Fluorescent Innershell Transitions -- 3.6 Charge Exchange Rates -- 3.6.1 Atoms and Ions -- 3.6.2 Molecules and Grains -- 4. Conclusions -- Chapter Five: Energy Levels of Light Atoms in Strong Magnetic Fields -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Historical Background -- 3. The Lightest ``Light'' Atom-Hydrogen. , 4. Light Atoms: Two and Few-Electron Systems -- 5. Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects -- Chapter Six: Quantum Electrodynamics of Two-Level Atoms in 1D Configurations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The 1D Kernel and Its Spectral Decomposition -- 2.1 Form of the Lienard-Wiechert Kernel in 1D (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008c) -- 2. 2 Initial Time CDR and CLS of a Slab (Friedberg et al., 1973) -- 2.3 Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues of a Slab (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008c,d,e) -- 2.3.1 Functional Form of the Eigenfunctions -- 2.3.2 Pseudo-Orthogonality Relations -- 2.3.2.1 Odd Eigenfunctions -- 2.3.2.1 Even Eigenfunctions -- 2.3.3 Parseval´s Identity -- 2.4 Differential Form of the Field Equation (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008c) -- 2.5 Inverted System in the Superradiant Linear Regime (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008e) -- 2.6 Comments on the Numerical Results of Superradiance from a Slab -- 3. Propagation of an Ultrashort Pulse in a Slab and the Ensuing Emitted Radiation Spectrum -- 3.1 Time Development and Spectrum of the Radiation Emitted -- 3.1.1 Spectral Analysis (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008d, 2009b) -- 3.1.2 Computation of the Electric Field at the End Planes -- 3.2 The SVEA Closed-Form Expressions (Manassah, 2012a) -- 3.3 The Modified SVEA Closed-Form Expressions (Manassah, 2012b) -- 3.4 Self-Energy of an Initially Detuned Phased State (Friedberg and Manassah, 2010a) -- 3.5 Spectral Distribution of an Initially Detuned Spatial Distribution -- 4. Near-Threshold Behavior for the Pumped Stationary State -- 4.1 Coupled Maxwell-Bloch Equations -- 4.2 Single-Frequency Lasing -- 4.2.1 Single-Frequency Bare Mode -- 4.2.2 Single-Frequency Dressed Mode -- 4.3 Two-Frequency Bare Modes -- 4.4 General Comments -- 5. Polariton-Plasmon Coupling, Transmission Peaks, and Purcell-Dicke Ultraradiance -- 5.1 The Total Transfer Matrix -- 5.2 The Mittag-Leffler Expansion. , 5.3 Interacting Polariton-Plasmon Modes -- 6. Periodic Structures -- 6.1 Density-Modulated Slab (Manassah, 2012e) -- 6.1.1 The Self-Energy at Initial Time -- 6.1.2 Simple Mathematical Analysis for the Giant Shifts -- 6.2 Periodic Multislabs Eigenvalues (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008f) -- 6.2.1 Eigenvalue Condition -- 6.2.2 Precocious Superradiance -- 6.2.3 Eigenvalues at the Bragg Condition as a Function of the Number of Cells -- 7. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix. Transfer Matrix Formalism -- Some Useful Relations of the Pauli Matrices -- Example of an Application of Above Formalism -- References -- Index -- Contents of volumes in this serial.

Note: Front cover -- Half title page -- Editorial Board -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Simultaneous Emission of Multiple Electrons from Atoms and Molecules Using Synchrotron Radiation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Considerations -- 3. Double Photoionization of Helium -- 4. Double Photoionization of Heavier Elements -- 5. Triple Photoionization of Atoms -- 6. Multiple Photoionization of Molecules -- 7. Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2. CP-violating Magnetic Moments of Atoms and Molecules -- 1. Introduction -- 2. T,P-violating Electrodynamics -- 3. Fundamental Mechanisms of P and T Violation -- 4. CP-violating Polarizability of Diamagnetic Atoms -- 5. CP-violating Magnetic Moment of Diamagnetic Molecules -- 6. Thermally-induced CP-violating Magnetization of Paramagnetic Molecules -- 7. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3. Superpositions of Degenerate Quantum States: Preparation and Detection in Atomic Beams -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Concepts and Equations -- 3. Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) -- 4. Preparation of Degenerate Coherent Superpositions in Metastable Neon -- 5. Analysis of STIRAP-produced Superpositions in Metastable Neon -- 6. Experimental Results -- 7. Extensions and Applications -- 8. Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4. Atom Trap Trace Analysis of Rare Noble Gas Isotopes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Rare Noble Gas Isotopes in the Environment -- 3. Earlier Detection Methods -- 4. Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) -- 5. Applications of ATTA -- 6. Conclusion and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5. Cavity Optomechanics with Whispering-Gallery Mode Optical Micro-Resonators -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory of Optomechanical Interactions. , 3. Whispering-gallery Mode Microresonators as Optomechanical Systems -- 4. Ultrahigh-Sensitivity Interferometric Motion Transduction -- 5. Observation of Dynamical Backaction -- 6. Resolved-Sideband Cooling -- 7. Approaching the Quantum Ground State -- 8. Conclusion -- 9. Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Index -- Contents of volumes in this serial.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- Exploring Quantum Matter with Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices -- Introduction -- Optical Lattices -- Optical Dipole Force -- Optical Lattice Potentials -- 1D Lattice Potentials -- 2D Lattice Potentials -- 3D Lattice Potentials -- Spin-Dependent Optical Lattice Potentials -- Bose-Einstein Condensates in Optical Lattices -- Bloch Bands -- Wannier Functions -- Ground State Wave Function of a BEC in an Optical Lattice -- Discretization -- Ground State -- Adiabatic Mapping of Crystal Momentum to Free Particle Momentum -- Bose-Hubbard Model of Interacting Bosons in Optical Lattices -- Ground States of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian -- Double Well Case -- Multiple Well Case -- SF-MI Transition in Inhomogeneous Potentials -- Superfluid to Mott Insulator Transition -- Collapse and Revival of a Macroscopic Quantum Field -- Quantum Gate Arrays via Controlled Collisions -- Spin-Dependent Transport -- Controlled Collisions -- Using Controlled Collisional Quantum Gates -- Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The Kicked Rydberg Atom -- Introduction -- Impulsively-Driven or ``Kicked'' Systems -- Related Problems -- Realization of the Impulsive Limit -- Experimental Apparatus -- Freely-Propagating Half-Cycle Pulses -- Studies at Very-High n -- Creation of Quasi-One-Dimensional Atoms -- Effect of a Single HCP -- Energy Transfer and Ionization -- Wavepacket Production and Evolution -- Characterization of Quasi-1D Atoms -- Effect of Multiple HCPs -- Dynamical Stabilization -- 3D Atoms -- 1D and Quasi-1D Atoms: Effect of Kick Direction -- Classical-Quantum Correspondence -- Freely-Propagating Attosecond HCP Trains -- Alternating Kicks -- Phase-Space Localization -- Dynamical Filtering -- Navigating in Phase-Space -- Transient Phase-Space Localization -- Outlook -- Atomic Engineering. , Classical Limit of Quantum Mechanics -- Further Applications -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Photonic State Tomography -- State Representation -- Representation of Single-Qubit States -- Pure States, Mixed States, and Diagonal Representations -- The Stokes Parameters and the Poincaré Sphere -- Representation of Multiple Qubits -- Pure States, Mixed States, and Diagonal Representations -- Fidelity. -- Tangle. -- Entropy and the linear entropy. -- Multiple Qubit Stokes Parameters -- Representation of Nonqubit Systems -- Pure, Mixed, and Diagonal Representations -- Qudit Stokes Parameters -- Tomography of Ideal Systems -- Single-Qubit Tomography -- Visualization of Single-Qubit Tomography -- A Mathematical Look at Single-Qubit Tomography -- Multiple-Qubit Tomography -- Tomography of Nonqubit Systems -- General Qubit Tomography -- Collecting Tomographic Measurements -- Projection -- Arbitrary Single-Qubit Projection -- Compensating for Imperfect Waveplates -- Wedged waveplates -- Multiple-Qubit Projections and Measurement Ordering -- n vs. 2n Detectors -- Electronics and Detectors -- Collecting Data and Systematic Error Correction -- Accidental Coincidences -- Beamsplitter Crosstalk -- Detector-Pair Efficiency Calibration -- Intensity Drift -- Analyzing Experimental Data -- Types of Errors and State Estimation -- The Maximum Likelihood Technique -- Optimization Algorithms and Derivatives of the Fitness Function -- Choice of Measurements -- How Many Measurements? -- How Many Counts per Measurement? -- Error Analysis -- A Complete Example of Tomography -- Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Fine Structure in High-L Rydberg States: A Path to Properties of Positive Ions -- Introduction -- Experimental Methods -- Early Studies -- Stepwise Excitation Microwave Studies -- Resonant Excitation Stark Ionization Spectroscopy (RESIS). , Other Experimental Methods -- Theoretical Methods -- Long-Range Model for Atoms -- Adiabatic Model with S-State Cores -- Nonadiabatic Corrections -- Other Corrections -- Core penetration and exchange -- Second-order polarization energies -- Spin Structure -- Tensor Fine Structure -- Long-Range Model for H2 -- Coulomb Interactions -- Spin and Hyperfine Interactions -- Comparison with Traditional Methods -- Results -- Theoretical Progress -- Relativistic corrections. -- Retardation corrections. -- Reduced mass corrections. -- Lamb shift corrections. -- Ion Property Measurements -- Dipole Polarizability -- Quadrupole Moments -- Other Ion Properties -- Applications -- Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- A Storage Ring for Neutral Molecules -- Introduction -- Manipulating Polar Molecules -- The Stark Effect in Deuterated Ammonia -- Focusing a Beam of Polar Molecules -- Decelerating and Trapping of Polar Molecules -- A Storage Ring for Polar Molecules -- Manipulating Polar Molecules in Phase Space -- Phase-Space Matching -- Phase-Space Transformations -- A Prototype Storage Ring for Neutral Molecules -- Motion of Molecules in a Hexapole Ring -- Equilibrium Orbit -- Betatron Oscillations -- Motion of Molecules in the Dipole Ring -- Experimental Set-up -- Results and Discussion -- Longitudinal Focusing and Cooling of a Molecular Beam -- Principle and Design of the Buncher -- Longitudinal Focusing of a Molecular Beam -- Longitudinal Cooling of a Molecular Beam -- Dynamics of Molecules in the Storage Ring -- Experimental Setup and Alternative Bunching Scheme -- Longitudinal Temperature of Molecules in the Ring -- Betatron Oscillations in the Dipole Ring -- Betatron Oscillations in the Hexapole Ring -- Design of a Sectional Storage Ring -- Transverse Stability in a Sectional Storage Ring -- A Linear Array of Hexapoles -- Bend Hexapoles. , Longitudinally Focusing in a Sectional Ring -- Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Nonadiabatic Alignment by Intense Pulses. Concepts, Theory, and Directions -- Preliminaries -- Basic Concepts -- Rotational Excitation and Coherent Alignment -- Time Evolution -- Role of the Molecular Symmetry. From Diatomic Molecules to Complex Systems -- Role of the Field Polarization. Three-Dimensional Alignment -- Molecular Orientation -- Alignment in Dissipative Media -- Theory -- General Formulation -- Nonresonant, Nonadiabatic Alignment -- Numerical Implementation -- Case Studies -- Recent Developments -- Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- Derivation of Equation (5) -- References -- Relativistic Nonlinear Optics -- Orientation and Background -- Introduction to Relativistic Optics and High Field Science -- Guiding Principles of Laser Plasma Physics -- Single-Particle Motion -- Constants of the Motion -- Role of Initial Phase -- Direct Laser Acceleration of Electrons in Vacuum -- Self-Modulated Laser Wakefield Electron Beam Characterization -- A General Plane Wave Electron Scattering Model -- Nonparaxial Solutions of the Maxwell Wave Equation -- Series Solution of the Wave Equation for Monochromatic Beams -- A Spectral Method Solution of the Wave Equation -- The Solution Assuming a Gaussian Laser at Focus -- Comparison of the Series and Spectral Solutions -- The Asymmetric Laser Field Solutions -- The Symmetric Laser Field Solutions -- The Solution Assuming a Flattened Gaussian Laser at Focus -- Radiation from Relativistic Electrons -- Collective Plasma Response -- Propagation -- Relativistic Self-focusing -- Raman Scattering, Plasma Wave Excitation and Electron Acceleration -- Relativistic Phase Modulation -- Interactions with Solid-Density Targets -- Concluding Remark -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Coupled-State Treatment of Charge Transfer -- Introduction -- Coupled-State Treatments -- Impact-Parameter Approaches -- Atomic-State and Atomic-Pseudostate Approaches -- Two-center -- Atomic-state. -- Atomic-plus-pseudostate. -- Continuum-distorted-wave. -- Three-center -- Molecular-State Approaches -- Perturbed-stationary-state -- Plane-wave-factor, molecular-state -- Molecular-state with other a priori translational factors -- Molecular-state with optimized or variationally determined translational factors -- Hylleraas -- Three-center molecular-state -- Two-Center, Momentum-Space Approach -- Quantum Approaches -- Translational Factor Approaches -- Common-Reaction-Coordinate Method -- Hidden Crossing Approach -- Hyperspherical Approach -- Results -- The alphaH System -- Charge Transfer to All States -- Intermediate energies -- Lower energies -- Charge Transfer to the 2s and 2p States -- The pHe+ System -- The pH System -- Charge Transfer to All States -- Charge Transfer to the Ground State -- Charge Transfer to the 2s and 2p States -- Conclusion -- References -- Index -- Contents of Volumes in this Serial.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1. Direct frequency comb spectroscopy -- 1. Introduction and Historical Background -- 2. Comb Control and Detection -- 3. Direct Frequency Comb Spectroscopy -- 4. Multi-Frequency Parallel Spectroscopy -- 5. Coherent Control Applications -- 6. Future Outlook -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- 8. Acknowledgements -- 9. References -- Chapter 2. Collisions, correlations, and integrability in atom waveguides -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Effective 1D World -- 3. Bethe Ansatz and beyond -- 4. Ground State Properties of Short-Range-Interacting 1D Bosons: Known Results and Their Experimental Verification -- 5. What Is Special about Physics in 1D -- 6. Summary and Outlook -- 7. Acknowledgements -- 8. Appendix: Some Useful Properties of the Hurwitz Zeta Function -- 9. References -- Chapter 3. MOTRIMS: Magneto-Optical Trap Recoil Ion Momentum Spectroscopy -- 1. Introduction to MOTRIMS -- 2. Relative Total Electron Transfer Cross Sections -- 3. Case Studies in Total Electron Transfer Collisions -- 4. Case Studies of Differential Electron Transfer Cross Sections -- 5. Probing Excitation Dynamics -- 6. Future Applications -- 7. Concluding Comments -- 8. Acknowledgements -- 9. References -- Chapter 4. All-Order Methods for Relativistic Atomic Structure Calculations -- 1. Introduction and Overview -- 2. Relativistic Many-Body Perturbation Theory -- 3. Relativistic SD All-Order Method -- 4. Motivation for Further Development of the All-Order Method -- 5. Recent Developments in the Calculations of Monovalent Systems: Non-Linear Terms and Triple Excitations -- 6. Many-Particle Systems -- 7. Applications of High-Precision Calculations -- 8. Conclusion -- 9. Acknowledgements -- 10. References -- Chapter 5. B-splines in variational atomic structure calculations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Hartree-Fock Approximation. , 3. Multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock Approximation -- 4. B-Spline Theory -- 5. B-Spline Methods for the Many-Electron Hartree-Fock Problem -- 6. B-Spline MCHF Equations -- 7. Conclusion -- 8. Acknowledgements -- 9. References -- Chapter 6. Electron-ion collisions: Fundamental processes in the focus of applied research -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basics of Electron-Ion Collisions -- 3. Experimental Access to Data -- 4. Overview of Experimental Results on Free-Electron-Ion Collisions -- 5. Conclusions -- 6. Acknowledgements -- 7. References -- Chapter 7. Robust probabilistic quantum information processing with atoms, photons, and atomic ensembles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Quantum Communication with Atomic Ensembles -- 3. Quantum State Engineering with Realistic Linear Optics -- 4. Quantum Computation through Probabilistic Atom-Photon Operations -- 5. Summary -- 6. Acknowledgements -- 7. References -- Index -- Contents of Volumes in this Serial.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Preliminaries -- 1.1 Atoms and Fields -- 1.2 Important Parameters -- 1.3 Maxwell's Equations -- 1.4 Atom-Field Hamiltonian -- 1.5 Dirac Notation -- 1.6 Where Do We Go from Here? -- 1.7 Appendix: Atom-Field Hamiltonian -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography -- 2 Two-Level Quantum Systems -- 2.1 Review of Quantum Mechanics -- 2.1.1 Time-Independent Problems -- 2.1.2 Time-Dependent Problems -- 2.2 Interaction Representation -- 2.3 Two-Level Atom -- 2.4 Rotating-Wave or Resonance Approximation -- 2.4.1 Analytic Solutions -- 2.5 Field Interaction Representation -- 2.6 Semiclassical Dressed States -- 2.6.1 Adiabatic Following -- 2.7 General Remarks on Solution of the Matrix Equation y(t) = A(t)y(t) -- 2.7.1 Perturbation Theory -- 2.7.2 Adiabatic Approximation -- 2.7.3 Magnus Approximation -- 2.8 Summary -- 2.9 Appendix A: Representations -- 2.9.1 Relationships between the Representations -- 2.10 Appendix B: Spin Half Quantum System in a Magnetic Field -- 2.10.1 Analytic Solutions-Magnetic Case -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography -- 3 Density Matrix for a Single Atom -- 3.1 Density Matrix -- 3.2 Interaction Representation -- 3.3 Field Interaction Representation -- 3.4 Semiclassical Dressed States -- 3.5 Bloch Vector -- 3.5.1 No Relaxation -- 3.5.2 Relaxation Included -- 3.6 Summary -- 3.7 Appendix A: Density Matrix Equations in the Rotating-Wave Approximation -- 3.7.1 Schrödinger Representation -- 3.7.2 Interaction Representation -- 3.7.3 Field Interaction Representation -- 3.7.4 Bloch Vector -- 3.7.5 Semiclassical Dressed-State Representation -- 3.8 Appendix B: Collision Model -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography -- 4 Applications of the Density Matrix Formalism -- 4.1 Density Matrix for an Ensemble -- 4.2 Absorption Coefficient-Stationary Atoms -- 4.3 Simple Inclusion of Atomic Motion. , 4.4 Rate Equations -- 4.5 Summary -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography -- 5 Density Matrix Equations: Atomic Center-of-Mass Motion, Elementary Atom Optics, and Laser Cooling -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Atom in a Single Plane-Wave Field -- 5.3 Force on an Atom -- 5.3.1 Plane Wave -- 5.3.2 Focused Plane Wave: Atom Trapping -- 5.3.3 Standing-Wave Field: Laser Cooling -- 5.4 Summary -- 5.5 Appendix: Quantization of the Center-of-Mass Motion -- 5.5.1 Coordinate Representation -- 5.5.2 Momentum Representation -- 5.5.3 Sum and Difference Representation -- 5.5.4 Wigner Representation -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography -- 6 Maxwell-Bloch Equations -- 6.1 Wave Equation -- 6.1.1 Pulse Propagation in a Linear Medium -- 6.2 Maxwell-Bloch Equations -- 6.2.1 Slowly Varying Amplitude and Phase Approximation (SVAPA) -- 6.3 Linear Absorption and Dispersion-Stationary Atoms -- 6.4 Linear Pulse Propagation -- 6.5 Other Problems with the Maxwell-Bloch Equations -- 6.6 Summary -- 6.7 Appendix: Slowly Varying Amplitude and Phase Approximation-Part II -- Problems -- Bibliography -- 7 Two-Level Atoms in Two or More Fields: Introduction to Saturation Spectroscopy -- 7.1 Two-Level Atoms and N Fields-Third-Order Perturbation Theory -- 7.1.1 Zeroth Order -- 7.1.2 First Order -- 7.1.3 Second Order -- 7.1.4 Third Order -- 7.2 N = 2: Saturation Spectroscopy for Stationary Atoms -- 7.3 N = 2: Saturation Spectroscopy for Moving Atoms in Counterpropagating Fields-Hole Burning -- 7.3.1 Hole Burning and Atomic Population Gratings -- 7.3.2 Probe Field Absorption -- 7.4 Saturation Spectroscopy in Inhomogeneously Broadened Solids -- 7.5 Summary -- 7.6 Appendix A: Saturation Spectroscopy-Stationary Atoms in One Strong and One Weak Field -- 7.7 Appendix B: Four-Wave Mixing -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography. , 8 Three-Level Atoms: Applications to Nonlinear Spectroscopy-Open Quantum Systems -- 8.1 Hamiltonian for & -- #923 -- , V, and Cascade Systems -- 8.1.1 Cascade Configuration -- 8.1.2 V and & -- #923 -- Configurations -- 8.1.3 All Configurations -- 8.2 Density Matrix Equations in the Field Interaction Representation -- 8.3 Steady-State Solutions-Nonlinear Spectroscopy -- 8.3.1 Stationary Atoms -- 8.3.2 Moving Atoms: Doppler Limit -- 8.4 Autler-Townes Splitting -- 8.5 Two-Photon Spectroscopy -- 8.6 Open versus Closed Quantum Systems -- 8.7 Summary -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography -- 9 Three-Level & -- #923 -- Atoms: Dark States, Adiabatic Following, and Slow Light -- 9.1 Dark States -- 9.2 Adiabatic Following-Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage -- 9.3 Slow Light -- 9.4 Effective Two-State Problem for the & -- #923 -- Configuration -- 9.5 Summary -- 9.6 Appendix: Force on an Atom in the & -- #923 -- Configuration -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography -- 10 Coherent Transients -- 10.1 Coherent Transient Signals -- 10.2 Free Polarization Decay -- 10.2.1 Homogeneous Broadening -- 10.2.2 Inhomogeneous Broadening -- 10.3 Photon Echo -- 10.4 Stimulated Photon Echo -- 10.5 Optical Ramsey Fringes -- 10.6 Frequency Combs -- 10.7 Summary -- 10.8 Appendix A: Transfer Matrices in Coherent Transients -- 10.9 Appendix B: Optical Ramsey Fringes in Spatially Separated Fields -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography -- 11 Atom Optics and Atom Interferometry -- 11.1 Review of Kirchhoff-Fresnel Diffraction -- 11.1.1 Electromagnetic Diffraction -- 11.1.2 Quantum-Mechanical Diffraction -- 11.2 Atom Optics -- 11.2.1 Scattering by an Amplitude Grating -- 11.2.2 Scattering by Periodic Structures-Talbot Effect -- 11.2.3 Scattering by Phase Gratings-Atom Focusing -- 11.3 Atom Interferometry -- 11.3.1 Microfabricated Elements. , 11.3.2 Counterpropagating Optical Field Elements -- 11.4 Summary -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography -- 12 The Quantized, Free Radiation Field -- 12.1 Free-Field Quantization -- 12.2 Properties of the Vacuum Field -- 12.2.1 Single-Photon State -- 12.2.2 Single-Mode Number State -- 12.2.3 Quasiclassical or Coherent States -- 12.3 Quadrature Operators for the Field -- 12.3.1 Pure n State -- 12.3.2 Coherent State -- 12.4 Two-Photon Coherent States or Squeezed States -- 12.4.1 Calculation of U[sub(L)](z) -- 12.5 Phase Operator -- 12.6 Summary -- 12.7 Appendix: Field Quantization -- 12.7.1 Reciprocal Space -- 12.7.2 Longitudinal and Transverse Vector Fields -- 12.7.3 Transverse Electromagnetic Field -- 12.7.4 Free Field -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography -- 13 Coherence Properties of the Electric Field -- 13.1 Coherence: Some General Concepts -- 13.1.1 Time versus Ensemble Averages -- 13.1.2 Classical Fields -- 13.1.3 Quantized Fields -- 13.2 Classical Fields: Correlation Functions -- 13.2.1 First-Order Correlation Function -- 13.2.2 Young's Fringes -- 13.2.3 Intensity Correlations-Second-Order Correlation Function -- 13.2.4 Hanbury Brown and Twiss Experiment -- 13.3 Quantized Fields: Density Matrix for the Field and Photon Optics -- 13.3.1 Coherent State -- 13.3.2 Thermal State -- 13.3.3 P(α) Distribution -- 13.3.4 Correlation Functions for the Field -- 13.4 Summary -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography -- 14 Photon Counting and Interferometry -- 14.1 Photodetection -- 14.1.1 Photodetection of Classical Fields -- 14.1.2 Photodetection of Quantized Fields -- 14.2 Michelson Interferometer -- 14.2.1 Classical Fields -- 14.2.2 Quantized Fields -- 14.3 Summary -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography -- 15 Atom-Quantized Field Interactions -- 15.1 Interaction Hamiltonian and Equations of Motion -- 15.1.1 Schrödinger Representation. , 15.1.2 Heisenberg Representation -- 15.1.3 Hamiltonian -- 15.1.4 Jaynes-Cummings Model -- 15.2 Dressed States -- 15.3 Generation of Coherent and Squeezed States -- 15.3.1 Coherent States -- 15.3.2 Squeezed States -- 15.4 Summary -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography -- 16 Spontaneous Decay -- 16.1 Spontaneous Decay Rate -- 16.2 Radiation Pattern and Repopulation of the Ground State -- 16.2.1 Radiation Pattern -- 16.2.2 Repopulation of the Ground State -- 16.3 Summary -- 16.4 Appendix A: Circular Polarization -- 16.5 Appendix B: Radiation Pattern -- 16.5.1 Unpolarized Initial State -- 16.5.2 z-Polarized Excitation -- 16.5.3 Other than z-Polarized Excitation -- 16.6 Appendix C: Quantum Trajectory Approach to Spontaneous Decay -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography -- 17 Optical Pumping and Optical Lattices -- 17.1 Optical Pumping -- 17.1.1 Traveling-Wave Fields -- 17.1.2 z-Polarized Excitation -- 17.1.3 Irreducible Tensor Basis -- 17.1.4 Standing-Wave and Multiple-Frequency Fields -- 17.2 Optical Lattice Potentials -- 17.3 Summary -- 17.4 Appendix: Irreducible Tensor Formalism -- 17.4.1 Coupled Tensors -- 17.4.2 Density Matrix Equations -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography -- 18 Sub-Doppler Laser Cooling -- 18.1 Cooling via Field Momenta Exchange and Differential Scattering -- 18.1.1 Counterpropagating Fields -- 18.2 Sisyphus Picture of the Friction Force for a G = 1/2 Ground State and Crossed-Polarized Fields -- 18.3 Coherent Population Trapping -- 18.4 Summary -- 18.5 Appendix: Fokker-Planck Approach for Obtaining the Friction Force and Diffusion Coefficients -- 18.5.1 Fokker-Planck Equation -- 18.5.2 G = 1/2 -- lin& -- #8869 -- lin Polarization -- 18.5.3 G = 1 to H = 2 Transition -- & -- #963 -- [sub(+)] - & -- #963 -- [sub(-)] Polarization -- 18.5.4 Equilibrium Energy -- Problems -- References -- Bibliography. , 19 Operator Approach to Atom-Field Interactions: Source-Field Equation.

Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Driven Ratchets for Cold Atoms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ratchets: Generalities -- 2.1. The Flashing Ratchet -- 2.2. The Rocking Ratchet -- 3. Symmetry and Transport in AC-Driven Ratchets -- 3.1. General Considerations -- 3.2. The Periodically Driven Rocking Ratchet -- 3.3. The Quasiperiodically Driven Rocking Ratchet -- 3.4. The Gating Ratchet -- 4. Cold Atom Ratchets -- 4.1. Dissipative Optical Lattices -- 4.2. Rocking Ratchet for Cold Atoms -- 4.3. Rocking Ratchet with Biharmonic Driving -- 4.3.1. Dissipation-Induced Symmetry Breaking -- 4.3.2. Rectification of Fluctuations, Current Reversals, and Resonant Activation in a System with Broken Hamiltonian Symmetry -- 4.4. Multifrequency Driving and Route to Quasiperiodicity -- 4.5. Gating Ratchet -- 5. Outlook -- References -- Chapter 2: Quantum Effects in Optomechanical Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cavity Optomechanics via Radiation-Pressure -- 2.1. Langevin Equations Formalism -- 2.2. Stability Analysis -- 2.3. Covariance Matrix and Logarithmic Negativity -- 3. Ground State Cooling -- 3.1. Feedback Cooling -- 3.1.1. Phase-Quadrature Feedback -- 3.1.2. Generalized Quadrature Feedback -- 3.2. Back-Action Cooling -- 3.3. Readout of the Mechanical Resonator State -- 4. Entanglement Generation with a Single Driven Cavity Mode -- 4.1. Intracavity Optomechanical Entanglement -- 4.2. Entanglement with Output Modes -- 4.3. Optical Entanglement between Sidebands -- 5. Entanglement Generation with Two Driven Cavity Modes -- 5.1. Quantum-Langevin Equations and Stability Conditions -- 5.2. Entanglement of the Output Modes -- 5.2.1. Optomechanical Entanglement -- 5.2.2. Purely Optical Entanglement between Output Modes. , 6. Cavity-Mediated Atom-Mirror Stationary Entanglement -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: The Semiempirical Deutsch-Maumlrk Formalism: A Versatile Approach for the Calculation of Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections of Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and Clusters -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical Background -- 2.1. The DM Formalism -- 2.2. Other Approaches -- 3. Atoms -- 3.1. Ground-State Atoms -- 3.2. Atoms in Excited States -- 3.2.1. Metastable Rare Gas Atoms -- 3.2.2. He Metastable Ionization -- 3.2.3. Cd and Hg Metastable Ionization -- 4. Molecules, Molecular Radicals, and Clusters -- 4.1. Molecules -- 4.1.1. CF3X (X = H, Br, I) -- 4.1.2. SiCl4 and TiCl4 -- 4.2. Free Radicals and Other Unstable Species -- 4.2.1. CH3, CH2, CH -- 4.2.2. CFx and NFx (x = 1-3) -- 4.3. Biomolecules -- 4.3.1. Uracil -- 4.3.2. DNA Bases -- 4.4. Clusters -- 4.4.1. C60 -- 4.4.2. C60 and C70 -- 5. Ions -- 5.1. Atomic Ions -- 5.1.1. Positive Atomic Ions -- 5.1.2. Negative Atomic Ions (Detachment) -- 5.1.2.1. O- and L- -- 5.2. Molecular Ions -- 5.2.1. Positive Molecular Ions -- 5.2.1.1. C2H2+ -- 5.2.1.2. CO+ and CD+ -- 5.2.2. Negative Molecular Ions (Detachment) -- 5.2.2.1. B2-, BO-, and CN- -- 6. Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: Physics and Technology of Polarized Electron Scattering from Atoms and Molecules -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Spin-dependent Interactions -- 2.1. Electron Exchange -- 2.2. Spin-Orbit Interactions -- 2.3. Combinations of Spin-Orbit and Exchange Effects -- 2.4. Relevant Scattering Amplitudes: Characterization of Excited States and the Scattered Electron -- 2.5. Theory, Archiving, and Formalism -- 3. Atomic Targets -- 3.1. Exchange Scattering -- 3.1.1. (e,e) and (e,2e) Processes -- 3.1.2. (e,gammae) and (e,gamma2e) Processes -- 3.2. Mott Scattering -- 3.2.1. (e,e) Processes. , 3.2.2. (e,egamma) and (e,2e) Processes -- 3.3. Combinations of Spin-Orbit Coupling and Exchange Effects -- 3.3.1. The Fine-Structure Effect and its Variants -- 3.3.1.1. (e,2e) Experiments -- 3.3.1.2. (e,egamma) Experiments -- 3.3.2. Combinations of Exchange with Mott Scattering -- 3.3.2.1. (e,e) and (e,2e) Experiments -- 3.3.2.2. (e,egamma) Experiments -- 3.3.3. Resonant Effects -- 4. Molecular Targets -- 4.1. Simple Diatomic Molecules -- 4.1.1. The Exchange Interaction in Elastic Scattering -- 4.1.2. Exchange Effects in Inelastic Scattering -- 4.2. Chiral Molecular Targets -- 5. Developments in Polarized Electron Technology -- 5.1. Sources of Polarized Electrons -- 5.1.1. Photemission from GaAs and its Variants -- 5.1.2. Sources Based on Chemi-Ionization of He* -- 5.1.3. Novel Sources of Polarized Electrons -- 5.1.3.1. Field emission tips Field -- 5.1.3.2. Sources involving multiphoton processes -- 5.1.3.3. Spin filters -- 5.2. Polarimetry -- 5.2.1. Mott Polarimetry -- 5.2.2. Optical Polarimetry -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5: Multidimensional Electronic and Vibrational Spectroscopy: An Ultrafast Probe of Molecular Relaxation and Reaction Dynamics -- 1. Introduction, Background, and Analogies -- 1.1. Timescales and Orders of Magnitude -- 1.2. The AMO Perspective: Photon Echoes, Ramsey Fringes, and NMR -- 1.3. Diagrammatic Representation of Dynamical Evolution -- 1.3.1 Causality and the Absorptive Lineshape -- 1.4. Molecular Perspective -- 1.4.1 Coupling -- 1.4.2 Line Broadening -- 1.4.3 Orientation -- 1.4.4 Coherence -- 1.4.5 Spectral Diffusion -- 1.4.6 Chemical Exchange -- 1.4.7 Energy Transfer -- 2. Two-dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy -- 2.1. Idiosyncrasies and Technical Challenges of Multidimensional Electronic Spectroscopy -- 2.2. Experimental Implementations -- 2.2.1 Diffractive Optics -- 2.2.2 The Pump-Probe Geometry. , 2.3. Examples of 2D Electronic Spectroscopy Experiments -- 2.3.1 Energy Transfer in Light-Harvesting Systems -- 2.3.2 Vibrational Wavepacket Dynamics in 2DES -- 2.3.3 Understanding 2DES Spectra -- 3. Two-dimensional Vibrational Spectroscopy -- 3.1. Idiosyncrasies of Multidimensional IR Spectroscopy -- 3.2. Experimental Implementation -- 3.3. Examples of Equilibrium 2DIR Spectroscopy -- 3.3.1 The OH Stretch in Water -- 3.3.2 Vibrational Coherence -- 4. Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix: Derivation of the T2-Dependent Coherence -- References -- Chapter 6: Fundamentals and Applications of Spatial Dissipative Solitons in Photonic Devices -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Basic Definitions and Scope -- 1.2. Phenomenology of Optical Spatial Dissipative Solitons (SDS) -- 1.3. Basic Equations -- 1.4. Bistability and Multistability of SDS -- 2. Existence, Bifurcation Structure, and Dynamics of Single and Multiple SDS -- 2.1. Patterns, Dissipative Solitons, and Homoclinic Snaking -- 2.2. Homoclinic Snaking -- 2.3. Basic Properties and Dynamics of SDS -- 2.4. Snaking in Other Optical Models -- 2.5. "Tilted" Snaking due to Nonlocal Coupling -- 3. Cavity Soliton Lasers -- 3.1. Attractive Features of a Cavity Soliton Laser and Bistable Laser Schemes -- 3.2. Cavity Solitons in Lasers with Optical Injection -- 3.3. Cavity Solitons Based on Frequency-Selective Feedback -- 3.3.1 Scheme and Mechanism of Bistability -- 3.3.2 Experimental Investigations in VCSELs -- 3.3.3 Theoretical Treatment -- 3.4. Laser Cavity Solitons due to Saturable Absorption -- 3.4.1 General Theory and Early Experiments -- 3.4.2 Modeling and Design of Semiconductor-Based Devices -- 3.4.3 Experimental Realization Using Face-to-Face VCSELs -- 4. Spatial Dissipative Solitons due to Spatially Periodic Modulations -- 4.1. Spatial Dissipative Solitons due to Intracavity Photonic Crystals. , 4.2. Discrete Spatial Dissipative Solitons -- 5. Phase Fronts and Locked Spots -- 6. Applications of Spatial Dissipative Solitons -- 6.1. Positioning of SDS and All-Optical Memories -- 6.2. Exploring the Mobility of SDS -- 6.3. All-Optical Delay Line -- 6.4. Delay Lines in a CSL and Spontaneous Motion of LCS -- 6.5. Soliton Force Microscopy -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- Contents of Volumes in this Serial.

Note: Intro -- Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Casimir Effects in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What's a Micro Effect -- What's a Macro Effect? -- 3. Relativistic Terms -- 4. Yet Another Repulsive Interaction -- 5. Nonrelativistic Molecules and Dressed Atoms -- 6. Not a Trivial Number -- 7. Reconciling Multipoles -- 8. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2. Advances in Coherent Population Trapping for Atomic Clocks -- 1. Coherent Population Trapping -- 2. Atomic Clocks -- 3. Advanced CPT Techniques -- 4. Additional Considerations -- 5. Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3. Dissociative Recombination of H3þ Ions with Electrons:Theory and Experiment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Definitions -- 3. Experimental Techniques -- 4. Theory -- 5. History of Experimental H3+ Recombination Studies -- 6. Reconciling Afterglow and Storage Ring Results -- 7. Comparison of Storage Ring Data -- 8. H3+ Product Branching -- 9. Isotope Effects -- 10. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4. Permanent Electric Dipole Moments of Atoms and Molecules -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Historical Perspectives -- 3. Contemporary Theoretical Motivations-The Standard Model and Beyond -- 4. EDM Measurements -- 5. Contemporary Experiments -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5. Spontaneous Decay, Unitarity, and the Weisskopf-Wigner Approximation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Excited State Time Evolution -- 3. Spectrum and Unitarity -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6. Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical Signals Viewed from the Molecule's Perspective: Kramers-Heisenberg Transition-Amplitudes versus Susceptibilities -- 1. Introduction. , 2. Quantum-Field Description of Heterodyne Signals -- 3. Transition-Amplitudes and the Optical Theorem for Time-Domain Measurements -- 4. CTPL Representation of Optical Signals -- 5. The Pump-Probe Signal -- 6. The Pump-Probe Signal Revisited: Transition Amplitudes -- 7. Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy -- 8. Cars Signals Recast in Terms of Transition Amplitudes -- 9. Cars Resonances Can be Viewed as a Double-Slit Interference of Two-Photon Pathways -- 10. Purely-Dissipative Spectroscopic Signals -- 11. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- Contents of Volumes in th is Serial.