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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunological changes among workers occupationally exposed to styrene (1995)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 67 (1995), S. 165-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Lymphocyte subsets ; Natural killer activity ; Styrene ; Immunotoxicity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The functional status of the immune system was investigated in a group of 71 workers exposed to styrene and in 65 control subjects, recruited according to the same selection criteria and comparable as to sex, age, and confounding variables. Air and biological monitoring were used to characterize styrene exposure (median of the main urinary metabolites in the “next-morning” spot samples: 106 mg/g creatinine). Phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by automated flow cytometry revealed a reduced proportion of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+45+), with no changes in CD8+, and a higher proportion of B lymphocytes (CD19+) among styrene-exposed workers. The exposed workers showed a higher proportion of activation markers, namely DR and interleukin-2 receptors (CD25). Immunoglobulin subclasses were comparable in the two groups. An increased prevalence of abnormally low values was apparent for CD2+, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+45+ and CD11b subsets among workers exposed to styrene, whereas CD19+, DR+ and CD25+ showed an increased prevalence of abnormally high values. Natural killer-related phenotypes (CD56+, CD56+16+, and CD56+16−) were more expressed among styrene workers, with average increase of 30%. However, the frequency distribution of the lytic activity of natural killer cells against K-562 target cells was shifted towards lower values in the exposed workers as compared to control subjects. Dose-response relationships between indices of internal dose and prevalence of abnormal values were detectable for T lymphocyte subsets, NK phenotypes, and activation markers. These findings suggest that moderate exposure to styrene is associated with an altered distribution of lymphocyte subsets. The decreased proportion of T lymphocytes, mainly of T helper-inducer cells, could hamper regulatory functions, thus suggesting a negative modulation by styrene exposure. Since a proper balance between immunocycte subsets is important for immunological responses, such changes should be regarded as adverse effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00626348
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the need of a sampling strategy in biological monitoring: The example of hexane exposure (1993)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 65 (1993), S. S171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Biological monitoring ; Hexane ; 2,5-Hexa-nedione ; Occupational exposure ; Urinalysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ambient and biological monitoring of hexane exposure were repeatedly carried out in 14 female shoe makers. Airborne hexane (Ci-H) was measured in 4-h samples collected by a diffusive method. Urinary spot samples were collected before, during (at noon), and at the end of a work shift. 2,5-Hexanedione (2,5HD) in urine collected at noon was poorly related to morning Ci-H. End-of-shift 2,5HD were also poorly related to afternoon air samples. The correlation was still relatively low when end-of-shift 2,5HD was related to 8-h TWA Ci-H (r= 0.44; P〈0.01 on a linear scale, and r-0.58, P〈 0.01 on a log-log scale). End-of-shift 2,5HD levels estimated on the basis of pre-shift values using a mathematical model were much higher (2.3 times on average) than those experimentally measured during the study period. Owing to its relatively long half-time, 2,5HD seems to be influenced not only by current exposure, but also by hexane absorbed during the day(s) preceding sampling. The lack of a sampling strategy may account not only for inconsistencies between environmental and biological data, but also for a possible misuse of biological monitoring when utilized for risk assessment. Despite sometimes poor correlations with Ci-H, 2,5HD may still be preferred to other indicators as a marker of effective internal dose. A sampling strategy should ensure that measured values are representative of the individual risk for adverse effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381334
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Urinary excretion of brush border antigens and other proteins in children with vesico-ureteric reflux (1992)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 6 (1992), S. 30-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Schlagwort(e): Vesico-ureteric reflux ; Microproteinuria ; Brush border antigen ; Tubular alterations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the occurrence and the type of proteinuria in 82 children with vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) with or without renal scars. The urinary excretion of the high molecular weight protein albumin was taken as an index of glomerular alterations and the excretion of retinol-binding protein (RBP), β2-microglobulin and brush border antigens (BBA) (measured by monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was taken as an index of tubular alterations. All such markers were increased in children with VUR and were related to the degree of renal function. Patients showing reduced creatinine clearance had very high levels of albuminuria, microproteinuria and BBA, with all these varialbles reciprocally correlated. In children with normal renal function however, only microproteins (not albumin or BBA) were slightly increased, thus indicating an isolated tubular defect without involvement of the proximal segment of the tubule. However, microprotein excretion did not correlate with the grade of scarring (99mtechnetiumdimercaptosuccinic acid scan), both RBP and β2-microglobulin excretion being normal in 75% of children with radioisotopic signs of renal lesions but increased in 17% of children without scars. Therefore, tubular proteinuria identifies different groups of children with VUR but is not related to renal scarring. Prospective studies will define the usefulness of proteinuria as a reliable indicator of renal outcome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00856825
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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