Note: Intro -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Part I Heat Shock Proteins and Disease -- 1 HSP and Diabetes -- Introduction -- Hsp Mechanism Of Induction -- Hsp Expression In Insulin Resistance And Diabetes -- Early Signs Of An Involvement Of Hsp72 In The Etiology Of Type 2 Diabetes -- Obesity, Inflammation And Insulin Resistance -- Mechanisms Of Insulin Signalling -- Inflammatory Kinases And The Disruption Of Insulin Signalling -- Hsp And Inflammation -- Hsp72 And The Prevention Of Insulin Resistance -- Heat Therapy, JNK Phosphorylation and Insulin Sensitivity -- Genetic Over-Expression of Hsp72 and HFD-Induced Insulin Resistance -- Pharmacological Induction of Hsp72, JNK Phosphorylation and Insulin Resistance -- HSP72, Mitochondria and Insulin Resistance -- Hsp, Jnk, Cell Apoptosis -- Heat Shock Proteins And The Stress Of Diabetes -- Hsp And Autoimmunity Of Type I Diabetes -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 2 Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes -- Introduction -- Body Mass Index (BMI) -- Bmi And Obesity -- Bmi And Hsp -- Obesity And Inflammation -- Obesity And Cancer -- Hsp And Type 2 Diabetes -- CONCLUSION -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 3 Multifaceted Role of Heat Stress Proteins in the Kidney -- INTRODUCTION -- Renal Epithelial Cell Injury, Death And Organ Dysfunction -- Hsp And Renal Cell Necrosis -- Oxidative Stress/Reactive Oxygen Species -- Hsp And Sublethal Renal Injury -- Renal Inflammation And Hsp -- Role Of Hsp In Renal Transplantation -- Hsp As Anti-Apoptotic Proteins -- Apoptosis Versus Necrosis In Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) -- Hsp And Osmolar Stress -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 4 Heat Shock Protein and Inflammation -- INTRODUCTION -- Hsp Are Anti-Inflammatory -- HSP Induction: How do HSP Directly Alter Cytokines? -- Are HSP Involved in Muscle IL-6 Production?. , HSF-1 as Non-HSP Transcription Factor Influences Inflammation -- Glutamine (GLN) as HSF-1 Inducer -- Hsp Alter Cytokine Tolerance -- Hsp70 And Gut Permeability -- Hsp Are Pro-Inflammatory -- The Mechanism Of Hsp Release -- How Does Hsp70 Induce Inflammation? -- Cytokine Response Through TLR Activation -- Enhanced Antigen Uptake and Presentation of HSP-Peptide Complexes -- NK Cell Activation -- Understanding The Paradox Of The Pro- And Anti-Inflammatory Actions Of Hsp: The Hsp-Virus Connection -- Disease And Pathologic States -- Sepsis -- Heat Stroke-Associated Inflammation -- Aging Susceptibility to Heat Injury/SIRS -- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) -- The Immuno-Physiology Of Adaptation -- Heat Acclimation and Adaptation -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 5 HSP Reactive T Cells are Anti-Inflammatory and Disease Suppressive in Arthritic Diseases -- INTRODUCTION -- Experimental Models For Ra -- The Essential Contribution Of Animal Models In Antigen Specific Immunotherapies -- Self Hsp Cross-Reactive T Cells Have Anti-Inflammatory Regulatory Activity -- Why Are Self-Hsp Responsive T Cells Protective In Arthritis? -- Treg And Targeting Regulation To Self Antigen In Autoimmune Disease -- The Immunomodulatory Effects Of Hsp On Apc -- Bridging The Translational Gap Between Model And Disease In Antigen Specific Immune Interventions -- Good Chances For Hsp Directed Immune Modulation As A Novel Addition To Clinical Arthritis Suppressive Therapies -- REFERENCES -- 6 Heat Shock Proteins in Vascular Disease -- INTRODUCTION -- Hsp and Atherosclerosis -- Carotid Disease -- Coronary Disease -- Aortic Disease -- Peripheral Vascular Disease -- Conclusion -- References -- 7 Heat Shock Proteins and Cancer -- Introduction -- Breast Cancer -- Liver Cancer -- Colon Cancer -- Lung Cancer -- Prostate Cancer -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES. , 8 Heat Shock Protein (HSP)-Based Immunotherapies -- Introduction -- Hsp-Peptide Complexes (Hsppc) As Immunotherapy For Cancer -- Hsp-Based Dna Vaccines -- Hsp As Targets For Cancer Treatments -- Hsp As Immunotherapy For Autoimmune Diseases -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 Heat Shock Proteins and Fertility -- Introduction -- Spermatogenesis -- Fertilization -- Oogenesis -- Female Reproductive Tract Infection And Fertility -- Preimplantation Embryo Development -- Chlamydia Trachomatis Genital Tract Infection -- Amniotic Fluid -- Conclusion -- References -- 10 Heat Shock Proteins and Diarrhea Causing Microorganisms: Emergence of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli -- INTRODUCTION -- CAUSES OF DIARRHEA: ROLE OF ACID STRESS -- BACTERIAL MITOCHONDRIAL HSP -- CONCLUSION -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- Part II Heat Shock Proteins and Psychological Stress -- 11 Heat Shock Proteins and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder -- Introduction -- Expression Of Hsp s In Cns -- Hsp90 Expression in the CNS -- Hsp70 Expression in the CNS -- Hsp60 Expression in the CNS -- Hsp40 Expression in the CNS -- Role Of Hsp In Gr Translocation And P11 Gene Expression -- Role Of Hsps In Gr Translocation And Mitochondrial Function -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 12 In Vivo Tissue Source and Releasing Signal for Endogenous Extracellular Hsp72 -- Introduction -- Stress And Extracellular Hsp72 -- Releasing Signals And Secretory Pathways Of Extracellular Hsp72: Overview -- Releasing Signals And Secretory Pathways Of Extracellular Hsp72: Exosomal Release -- Releasing Signals And Secretory Pathways Of Extracellular Hsp72: Adr-Mediated Release -- Immune Modulatory Effects Of Ehsp72 -- ehsp72 And Lps: In Vitro Versus In Vivo -- Stress, Bacterial Translocation And The Ehsp72/Lps Complex -- Conclusion -- References. , 13 The 70 kDa Heat Shock Protein Family and Learning -- Introduction -- Learning-Related Changes In 70Kda Hsp Family -- HSP72 is Induced in the Cerebellum Following Active Avoidance Learning -- HSP72 is Induced in the Hippocampus Following Inhibitory Avoidance Learning -- Water-Maze Training Enhances Expression of the Constitutive HSC70 in the Hippocampus -- Radial Maze Learning Induces HSP72 Expression in the Hippocampus Independently from Exposure to Stress -- Heat Shock-Induced Changes In Learning -- Heat Shock Prevents Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia -- Heat Shock Prevents Scopolamine-Induced Disruption of Long-Term Potentiation -- Heat Shock Disrupts Habituation in Caenorhabditis Elegans -- Hsp Expression In The Brain: Specific Versus Non Specific Learning Effects -- Stress, Motor Activity, Learning and Hsp72 Expression: How to Disentangle Specific from Non-Specific Learning Effects -- 70 kDa HSP and Learning-Associated Changes in Synaptic Activity -- Dysregulation of HSP70 Expression is Associated with Cognitive Diseases -- Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- Part III Heat Shock Proteins and Exercise Physiology -- 14 HSP, Exercise, and Antioxidants -- Introduction -- Exercise And Heat Shock Proteins -- Exercise, Hsp And Free Oxygen Radicals -- Other Mediators Of Exercise-Induced Regulation Of Hsp -- Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- 15 Exercise Intensity and Duration Affect Blood-Soluble HSP72 -- INTRODUCTION -- Exercise Intensity And Duration For Secretion Of Hsp72 -- Potential Mechanisms Of Exercise-Induced Ehsp72 Elevation -- Passive or Active Mechanisms? -- How Is Hsp72 Released? -- Potential Sources of eHsp72 -- Functional Consequences In Immune System -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 16 Ultra Marathon Race Competition and Immune Function -- Introduction -- The 160-Km Western States Endurance Run -- Major Findings From The Wser Research Projects. , Upper Respiratory Tract Infections -- Plasma Cytokine Levels -- Predictors Of Variance In Plasma Cytokine Changes -- Negative Effects Of Ibuprofen Use -- Conclusion -- References -- 17 HSP, Exercise and Skeletal Muscle -- INTRODUCTION -- Skeletal Muscle, Hsp And Adaptation To Exercise -- Fibre Type Differences In Hsp Basal State -- Exercise Induced Changes In Hsp -- Skeletal Muscle Tissue -- Blood Vessels -- Motor Nerves -- Intracellular Signaling And Exercise-Induced Activation Of Hsp Expression -- Physiological Importance Of Hsp In Skeletal Muscle -- Ischemia-Reperfusion -- Fatigue -- Hypertrophy/Atrophy -- Alternate HSP Therapies in Muscle -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 18 Circulating HSP70 as an Endogenous Cytoprotector? -- INTRODUCTION -- Stress Protein Release and Circulating Stress Proteins -- Release of Stress Proteins -- Circulating Stress Proteins and Cardiovascular Disease -- The Cytoprotective Effects of Extracellular Stress Proteins -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 19 72 kDa Extracellular Heat Shock Protein (eHsp72), Norepinephrine (NE), and the Innate Immune Response Following Moderate Exercise -- Introduction -- Exercise, Stress, Immune System, and Health -- Role of Norepinephrine (Ne) in the Neuroimmunomodulation During Moderate Exercise -- Extracellular Hsp70 During Exercise-Induced Stress -- Exercise-Induced Release of Hsp72: Role of NE as Releasing Signals -- Role of Ehsp72 as Stress Mediator or Messenger of Stress in the Stimulated Innate Response During Moderate Exercise -- Interaction Between Ne and Ehsp72 in the Modulation of Neutrophils During Moderate Exercise: Model of Conjoint Action of Ne and Ehsp72 During a Possible Pathogen Challenge -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- 20 Molecular Chaperones as Mediators of Stress Protective Effect of Plant Adaptogens -- Introduction. , Effect of Adaptogens on Endurance: Studies of Adapt-232 Forte.