Note: Front Cover -- Sex Selection of Children -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Sex Selection of Children: An Overview -- Historical Overview -- Current Research and an Overview of the Chapters -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2. Measuring Sex Preferences and Their Effects on Fertility -- Introduction -- Potential Effects of Sex Selection -- Examples of the Potential Effects of Sex Selection -- A Decision-Making Model for Sex Preferences -- Considering Measures of Sex Preferences -- Unresolved Issues -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3. Sex Selection through Amniocentesis and Selective Abortion -- Introduction -- Assumptions -- Birth Trial Probabilities -- Family Composition with No Sex Selection -- Sex Selection for Sequential Family Goals -- Sex Selection for Compositional Family Goals -- Discussion -- Summary -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 4. Timing of Fertilization and the Sex Ratio of Offspring -- Introduction -- Earlier Direct Data -- More Recent Direct Data -- Other Mammalian Data -- Sex Ratio and Spontaneous Abortion -- Indirect Data -- Discussion -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 5. Decision Making and Sex Selection with Biased Technologies -- Introduction -- The Decision-Making Model -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6. The Economics of Sex Preference and Sex Selection -- Introduction -- Review of the Economic Approach -- A Model of Sequential Fertility -- Summary, Conclusions, and Suggestions for Further Research -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7. Parental Sex Preferences and Sex Selection -- Introduction -- Patterns of Parental Sex Preferences -- Barriers to the Use of Sex Selection -- Impact of Sex Selection on Society and the Family -- References. , Chapter 8. Legal Aspects of Prenatal Sex Selection -- Introduction -- Conceptual Foundation for the Legal Analysis of Sex Selection -- Legal Issues -- Analysis of Current Law -- Legal Trends -- References -- Chapter 9. Toward a Moral Policy for Sex Choice -- Background -- Moral Dimensions of Sex Choice -- Policy for Sex Choice -- A Final Word -- References -- Chapter 10. Ethics and Public Policy: Should Sex Choice Be Discouraged? -- Introduction -- Moral Policy in Sexuality and Reproduction -- Consequences of Freedom with Fairness in Sex Choice -- Ethics, Public Policy, and the Future of Sex Choice -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- Studies in Population.

Note: Intro -- Table of Contents -- 1. Experimental Results on Fractionation of the Highly Siderophile Elements (HSE) at Variable Pressures and Temperatures during Planetary and Magmatic Differentiation -- INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE -- SOLID METAL -LIQUID METAL PARTITIONING -- EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO SOLID METAL-LIQUID METAL PARTITIONING (DSM/LM) -- HSE SOLUBILITY EXPERIMENTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR METAL-SILICATE PARTITIONING -- CALCULATING THE METAL-SILICATE MELT PARTITION COEFFICIENT FROM SOLUBILITY DATA -- Controls on the metal-silicate partition coefficient -- Metal inclusions in experiments and the analysis of contaminated phases -- Possible mechanisms of metal inclusion formation -- Experimental methods to measure HSE solubility and metal-silicate partitioning -- Summary of experimental data -- Application of results to core formation -- SILICATE AND OXIDE CONTROL ON HSE FRACTIONATION -- Experimental approach -- Spinel-melt partitioning of HSEs -- Silicate mineral-melt partitioning of HSEs -- Origin of the variation in partitioning -- Local PGM saturation during chromite growth -- MAGMATIC SULFIDE AND ASSOCIATED PHASES -- Experimental approach -- MSS-sulfide melt partitioning -- MSS-ISS-sulfide melt partitioning -- Sulfide melt-silicate melt and MSS-silicate melt partitioning -- Role of the chalcogens (Se, Te, As, Bi, Sb) -- SILICATE MELT-AQUEOUS LIQUID-VAPOR PARTITIONING -- Theoretical considerations -- Experimental methods -- The volatile/melt partitioning of Au -- The volatile/melt partitioning of PPGE -- The volatile/melt partitioning of IPGE and Re -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 2. Analytical Methods for the Highly Siderophile Elements -- INTRODUCTION -- DATA QUALITY CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE HSE -- Sample heterogeneity and reproducibility -- MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES -- Chemical separation of HSE. , REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR HSE ANALYSIS -- APPENDIX -- REFERENCES -- 3. Nucleosynthetic Isotope Variations of Siderophile and Chalcophile Elements in the Solar System -- INTRODUCTION -- ORIGIN OF ELEMENTS: STELLAR NUCLEOSYNTHESIS -- Production of elements from He to Fe via hydrogen to silicon burning -- PRESOLAR GRAINS -- Types of presolar grains and their origin -- ISOTOPE ANOMALIES OF SIDEROPHILE AND CHALCOPHILE ELEMENTS IN BULK METEORITES -- Isotope anomalies of siderophile elements in bulk meteorites -- Isotope anomalies of chalcophile elements in bulk meteorites -- INTERNAL ISOTOPE ANOMALIES PRESENT IN CHONDRITES -- CAIs -- Acid leachates and residues -- Isotopic constraints on the s-process nucleosynthetic component -- ORIGIN OF PLANETARY SCALE ISOTOPE ANOMALIES IN METEORITES -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 4. Highly Siderophile Elements in Earth, Mars, the Moon, and Asteroids -- INTRODUCTION -- MOTIVATION FOR STUDY AND BEHAVIOR OF THE HSE IN PLANETARY MATERIALS -- METHODS APPLIED TO INVESTIGATING SIDEROPHILE ELEMENTS IN PLANETARY MATERIALS -- HSE ABUNDANCES -- The rhenium-osmium, platinum-osmium and palladium-silver isotope systems -- Standardization in planetary studies -- Metal-sulfide-silicate modeling in chondritic systems -- Partial melt modeling of planetary mantles -- "Pristinity" of crustal and mantle samples -- Estimation of planetary mantle composition -- What do chondritic or nearly/broadly chondritic actually mean? -- PLANETARY MATERIALS -- Early Solar System materials -- Fragments of planetary cores and/or metal-rich melt pools -- Primitive achondrite meteorites -- Meteorites from differentiated asteroids -- Mars -- The Moon -- Terrestrial mantle composition -- Secondary alteration effects -- PLANETARY FORMATION PROCESSES -- Initial conditions and homogeneity of starting materials. , Partial melting and partitioning of the HSE -- Core crystallization -- 'Late-accretion' -- Alternative hypotheses for the abundances of the HSE in planetary mantles -- Magmatic processes -- Later impacts into planetary crusts -- COMPARATIVE PLANETOLOGY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TERRESTRIAL FORMATION -- FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 5. Distribution and Processing of Highly Siderophile Elements in Cratonic Mantle Lithosphere -- INTRODUCTION -- THE CRATONIC MANTLE SAMPLE: PECULIARITIES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PITFALLS -- DATABASE -- MINERALOGY AND HSE HOSTS IN CRATONIC MANTLE PERIDOTITES -- ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR CRATONIC MANTLE PERIDOTITES -- Whole rocks and mineral separates -- Single-grain techniques -- UTILIZATION OF THE RE-OS ISOTOPE SYSTEM IN CRATONIC MANTLE STUDIES -- EFFECT OF MELT DEPLETION DURING CRATONIC LITHOSPHERE STABILIZATION ON SULFUR AND HSE SYSTEMATICS -- Sulfur and the persistence of sulfides -- Alloy saturation -- Chalcogens -- HSE PROCESSING DURING MANTLE METASOMATISM -- Modification during intraplate mantle metasomatism -- Modification during craton margin processes-subduction -- MODELLING OF PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY HSE SIGNATURES IN CRATONIC MANTLE -- HSE Concentrations of the Archean convecting mantle (ACM) -- Modelling Rationale -- Effects of partial melt extraction on HSE based on modelling -- Post-core formation, sluggish downward mixing of a late veneer -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 6. Highly Siderophile Element and 187Os Signatures in Non-cratonic Basalt-hosted Peridotite Xenoliths: Unravelling the Origin and Evolution of the Post-Archean Lithospheric Mantle -- INTRODUCTION -- CONSTRAINING THE HSE AND 187Os/188Os ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF THE PRIMITIVE BULK SILICATE EARTH -- PETROLOGY AND LOCATION OF NON-CRATONIC PERIDOTITE XENOLITHS. , A BRIEF REVIEW OF HSE AND Os ISOTOPE ANALYTICAL METHODS AND HSE NORMALIZATION VALUES -- HOST MINERALS OF HIGHLY SIDEROPHILE ELEMENTS IN NON-CRATONIC PERIDOTITE XENOLITHS -- Nature of the host minerals -- Petrography of the base metal sulfides -- Origin of the base metal sulfides and platinum group minerals -- HIGHLY SIDEROPHILE ELEMENTS AND 187Os/188Os RESULTS FROM NON-CRATONIC PERIDOTITE XENOLITHS -- Summary of results from whole-rock studies -- Summary of results from base metal sulfides and other mineral phases -- Reconciling 187Os/188Os results from whole-rock and base metal sulfide analyses -- THE LIFE OF A XENOLITH, AS RECORDED IN HSE- AND Os-ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS -- The HSE and 187Os composition of the Primitive Upper Mantle -- Whole-rock observations on samples representing melting residues -- Mineralogical control of HSE fractionation during partial melting -- Ancient melt-extraction events recorded by 187Os/188Os systematics -- Post-melting petrological history -- Syn- to post-eruptive processes -- CHRONOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF OS-ISOTOPIC DATA AND TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS -- Obtaining age information from Os isotopes of whole rocks -- Obtaining age information from Os isotopes of base metal sulfides -- Tectonic interpretation of Os model ages -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 7. Re-Pt-Os Isotopic and Highly Siderophile Element Behavior in Oceanic and Continental Mantle Tectonites -- INTRODUCTION -- BREVIA OF CONCEPTS, TERMINOLOGY, AND ANALYTICAL CAVEATS -- Re-Pt-Os parameters -- Normalization of concentration data -- Precision and accuracy of concentration data and analytical issues -- HIGHLY SIDEROPHILE ELEMENTS IN MANTLE TECTONITES FROM DIFFERENT GEODYNAMIC SETTINGS -- Summary of mantle tectonites and their geodynamic settings -- HSE IN ABYSSAL PERIDOTITES FROM SPREADING OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE. , HSE in mantle tectonites from continental extensional domains and continent-ocean transitions -- HSE in ophiolites that formed at fast spreading ridges with little or no influence from subduction processes -- High-temperature orogenic peridotites from convergent plate margin settings -- Highly siderophile elements in peridotites and melt-reacted lithologies of ophiolites influenced by convergent plate margin magmatism -- Highly siderophile elements in the mantle sections of ophiolites of uncertain origin -- DISCUSSION -- Influence of low-temperature alteration processes on the HSE in bulk rocks and minerals -- The influence of melt infiltration and partial melting on HSE abundances in mantle tectonites -- Summary-Mantle melting and mantle-magma interaction-different sides of the same coin -- Os isotopic heterogeneity in the mantle -- The role of recycled oceanic lithosphere in producing HSE and Os isotope signatures in magmas -- The relationship between abyssal peridotites and MORB: an osmium isotope perspective -- Interpretation of Re-Os model ages -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 8. Chalcophile and Siderophile Elements in Mantle Rocks: Trace Elements Controlled By Trace Minerals -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- Sulfides in the upper mantle and mantle rocks -- Abundance and phase control on chalcophile and siderophile elements in the fertile upper mantle -- Partial melting of the mantle: a BMS-removing and PGM producing petrogenetic process -- Chalcophile/siderophile element systematics in pyroxenites -- Low-pressure BMS dissolution in regional-scale open system melting of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle -- BMS precipitation associated with magma percolation/metasomatism -- Platinum-group minerals and magmatic percolation of the lithospheric mantle -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES. , 9. Petrogenesis of the Platinum-Group Minerals.