GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Fischzucht ; Netz ; Beschichtung
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (113 Seiten, 11,3 MB) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Language: German
    Note: Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Laufzeit: 29 Monate: Projektbeginn: 05.07.2012, Projektende: 28.02.2014 - [Angaben laut Projektkennblatt der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt] , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 Seiten, 3,69 MB) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMWi 0325255B. - Verbund-Nummer 01095725 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Mit deutscher Zusammenfassung
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Summary. Skin surfaces of pilot whales Globicephala melas were studied by scanning electron microscopy with particular emphasis on surface condition and epibiontic marks of biofouling. In order to minimize artificial cross-linking of cell structures, dislocation of epibionts or dilution of salt crystals, untreated fresh skin samples were stored and examined by cryo-scanning electron microscopy at controlled low temperature in the first study of its kind. The samples were compared with aldehyde-fixed skins of pilot whales.The results obtained show that the surfaces of the fresh skin areas are covered with a smooth biofilm of alternating hydrophilic-hydrophobic sectors and exhibit negligibly low concentrations of epibiontic organisms or salt crystals. In contrast to the smooth biofilm observed in cryo-scanned samples, the aldehyde-fixed skin areas were covered with a more spongy layer of irregular structures, supposedly representing denatured remnants of the biofilm. We consider the biofilm to be the structural basis of skin smoothness and the primary site of epibiontic settlement.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  EPIC3Comparative biochemistry and physiology a-molecular and integrative physiology, 130, pp. 835-847
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Summary. Enzyme activity in the stratum corneum of the pilot whale Globicephala melas was investigated employing colorimetric enzyme screening assays combined with NATIVE PAGE, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and histochemical staining procedures. Applying different substrates, several enzymes were detected. The histochemical demonstration of some selected hydrolytic enzymes enriched in the stratum corneum showed high extracellular accumulation. As demonstrated by size exclusion chromatography, high molar mass aggregates were built up from a glycoprotein-rich 20-30 kD fraction. Using NATIVE PAGE experiments under non reducing conditions, a selection of five degrading enzymes was recovered within the above-reported aggregates.Activity of extracellular aggregate-attached enzymes in the superficial layer of the stratum corneum exhibited no remarkable decrease potentially resulting from self-degradation. We thus conclude that due to their enclosure within the micro-environment of aggregates a zymogel is formed and autolysis of the stratum corneum is reduced. With respect to the skin surface, the zymogel with hydrolytic activities covering major parts of it enhances the self-cleaning abilities of the skin of the pilot whale based on physical prequesites by hydrolysing adhesive glycoconjugates of settling biofouling organisms considered as primary steps in fouling.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Summary. We have reported on the smooth and clean skin surface of the pilot whale Globicephala melas (Baum et al 2000 Aquatic Mammals 26:7). Smoothness and self-cleaning abilities of the skin surface are based on a gel that filles the nanoscalic inter-cellular space between the corneocytes. This gel is an important factor in the defence against adhesive glycoconjugates and organisms, that may negatively influence health and hydrodynamic demands of the dolphin. It was our aim to measure the rheological properties of the gel in order to confirm its viscoelastic behaviour predicted from our previous findings.Untreated fresh frozen skin samples of the pilot whale and centrifugates of mechani-cally ablated corneocytes were prepared for cryo-scanning electron microscopy (see Baum et al 2000 Aquatic Mammals 26:7). We examined the surface sculptures of the samples and documented different grades of polymerization seen in the centrifugates. Changes in viscoelasticity of the centrifugates were immediately after centrifugation monitored by means of a stress-controlled rheometer (Haake RS 150) with cone-and-plate geometry (35 mm, apex angle 1°) under oszillatory shear conditions.When centrifugates polymerized, their surface morphology appeared similar to the sur-faces of the untreated fresh skin samples. The gelation kinetics measured confirm that the centrifugates underwent polymerization within 2.5 - 3 hours after processing. At the beginning of the experiments, the high fluctuating pattern of the storage modul GŽ showed the presence of performed aggregates, which were destroyed by the oszillating force. After 2.5 - 3 hours new aggregates built up a gel. We found that in vitro the gela-tion terminates in a duroplastic gel, indicating gelation based on covently cross-linked network bridges.We thank Dr. D. Bloch and Dr. H.-P. Joensen, University of the Faroe Islands, for their help in specimen collection from legal harvest. This study was supported by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (ME 1755/ 1-1).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  EPIC311 th Int. Con. Mar. Cor. Biofoul., San Diego
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Summary. In delphinids small biofoulers are potentially challenged to high shear water flow and liquid-vapor interfaces of air bubbles during jumping. In the present study we investigated the skin of the pilot whale, Globicephala melas, with emphasis on topological, biochemical and rheological properties of the skin surface enhancing the efficiency of self-cleaning based on the common behaviour of dolphins.The surface properties were characterized combining rheological measurements with cryo-scanning electron microscopy (C-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and enzyme histochemistry.The results obtained show that the skin of the pilot whale exhibited only marginal loads of biofoulers. The skin surface was even and smoothed by a hydrated jelly material alternating with embedded lipidic droplets. The surface topology demonstrated displayed no particular microniches in the size of biofoulers. The jelly material derived from deeper intercellular space between stratum corneum lamellae and was enriched by various hydrolytic enzymes. Unlike the mucoid-based properties of marine fouling polymers, the rheological mesurements revealed the high elasticity in combination with high energy dissipation rates of the jelly material of the dolphin skin assembled from covalently cross-linked aggregates. XPS measurements carried out on deep-frozen skin samples and the bare jelly material showed the presence of free amino groups and lipidic ester groups, which were dominant chemical features of the skin surface.Since cetaceans lack skin glands the protective power of the skin was considered to be based on the biochemical adaptation of the corneocytes. In regard to the higher shear resistance of the jelly material collected from the stratum corneum contrasting to the biophysical properties of mucoid-based biopolymers, we concluded that the gel is not a substitute of mucus, can withstand higher shear regimes and evens the skin surface. The retention of hydrolytic enzymes incorporated within the gel to some extent broadens the self-cleaning abilities of the dolphin integument by degrading non-dolphin biopolymers. Moreover, the hydrolytic enzymes initiate the desquamation process and probably remove contaminations as large as the desquamating cells (50x80 µm). Since the skin surface exhibits less contact area and microniches biofoulers may adhere to or hide within, we argue that biofoulers challenged to air bubbles or high shear water flow during jumping are easily removed from the skin surface. In this connection, the implications to the self-cleaning abilities are discussed, as based on chemical heterogeneity of the amphiphilic skin surface of the pilot whale and the fouling polymers of conditioning films in relation to the hydrophobic liquid-vapor interfaces of air-bubbles and hydrophilic water flow.We thank Dr. D. Bloch and Dr. H.-P. Joensen, University of the Faroe Islands, for their help in specimen collection from legal harvest. This study was supported by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (ME 1755/1-1 and 1-2).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Summary. In aquatic environments, the biofouling process is assumed to initiate from the conditioning layer of absorbed organic carbon residues on wetted surfaces. Microfouling organisms attach to this conditioning layer, building up a biofilm on which further biofouling proceeds. In dolphins, biofouling reduces hydrodynamic efficiency and may negatively affect health if not managed. In this study we examined the skin surface of the pilot whale (Globicephala melas). Employing cryo-scanning electron microscopic techniques combined with various sample preparations, the skin surface displayed an average nanorough surface characterized by a pattern of nanoridge-enclosed pores. The average size (pore size appr. 0.20 µm2) of the pores was below the size of most marine biofouling organisms, and the implications to self-cleaning abilities based on reduced available space for attachment, the lack of any particular microniche for biofoulers to hide, and their challenge to the turbulent water flow and liquid-air interfaces during surfacing and jumping of the dolphin are discussed.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  EPIC3http://edocs.tu-berlin.de/diss/2002/baum_christof.htm
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Zusammenfassung. Selbstreinigungseigenschaften der Haut des Pilotwales, Globicephala melas. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden mit optischen, chemischen und physikalischen Methoden ermittelte Ergebnisse über die Struktur-Funktions-Beziehungen der Hautoberfläche des Pilotwales beschrieben. Folgende Verfahren wurden angewendet: Histochemie in Verbindung mit Lichtmikroskopie (LM), Kryo-Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (Kryo-REM), Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM), Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (TEM), Vielwinkel-Laserstreuchlicht-Photometrie (engl., multi-angle laserlight scattering, MALLS), Elektronenspektroskopie für die chemische Analyse (ESCA) und Rheologie. Die experiementellen und theoretischen Untersuchungen hatten zum Ziel, die Strukturen und Eigenschaften der Haut haarloser mariner Säuger als Trenn- und Austauschfläche zwischen Organismus und Umwelt sowie ihre Funktion als Barriere gegenüber dem permanenten Besiedlungsdruck durch Biofouling-Organismen zu charakterisieren.Kyro-rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zeigten, das nur gelegentlich Aufwuchs an der Hautoberfläche des Pilotwales zu finden ist. Die Hautoberfläche von Pilotwalen wies eine laterale Rauhigkeit unter 30 nm auf. Die strukturgebenden Rauhigkeiten resultierten aus einem Porenrelief desmosomaler Glykoproteine mit Porengrößen um etwa 0,2 µm2, das mit einem Gel gefüllt war. Die biochemische Untersuchung des Stratum corneums ergab, dass die an Glykoproteinen reiche Interzellularsubstanz Aggregate bildet. Als Aggregat-bildend wurde eine Fraktion von 20-30 kD Glykoproteinen identifiziert, deren Konzentration mit vor-anschreitender Gelbildung abnahm, während ihr Massen-Vielfaches zunahm. Die chemische Oberflächenanalyse der Haut und des interzellulären Gels zeigten die Anwesenheit von un-polaren und polaren Gruppen. Zu den polaren Gruppen zählten freie Amino-Gruppen. Die chemische Analyse bestätigte, dass die chemische Zusammensetzung der Hautoberfläche wesentlich von der Zusammensetzung des Gels determiniert wird, welches die Poren der Interzellularräume ausfüllt. Die durch Zentrifugation angereichterte Interzellularsubstanz des Stratum corneums erwies sich in rheologischen Experimenten unter mechanisch periodisch-harmonisch oszillierenden Belastungen als gelbildend. Die Geleigenschaften nach Beendigung der Strukturbildung entsprachen mit Speichermodulen GŽ 〈1200 Pa und Verlustmodulen GŽŽ 〉120 Pa (bei fallender und steigender Frequenz omega zwischen 43,98 und 0,13 rad·s-1 und einem Scherstress von tau = 15 Pa, T = 20 °C) chemisch kovalent vernetzten Gelen hoher Elastizität. Die Meßergebnisse an der Delfinhaut weisen gegenüber nicht-kovalent vernetzten Schleimen und Biofilmen, wie sie unter anderem aus Biofoulingprozessen bekannt sind, eine deutliche höher Elastizität und Streßunempfindlichkeit auf.Basierend auf der Bildung eines viskoelastischen Gels im Interzellularraum des Stratum corneums bilden sich so bei der natürlichen Abschilferung von Hautzellen (Desquamation) an der Hautoberfläche des Pilotwales immer wieder neue Oberflächen mit lateralen Rauhigkeiten unter 30 nm. Aus den Ergebnissen wird geschlossen, dass Schleime wegen der höheren Streßresistenz des Gels das Gel nicht aus den Poren verdrängen können und die Hautober-fläche in einem großen physikalischen Belastungsbereich eine viskoelastische ebene Fläche darstellt. Diese Ebene weist nur wenig Kontaktpunkte für Biofoulingorganismen auf und bie-tet wegen der Abwesenheit von Mikronischen gute Vorraussetzungen, Biofouler durch Scher-strömungen oder Luftblasen während des für Delfine typischen Sprungverhaltens zu entfernen.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Thesis , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...