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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain correlates of fast and slow handwriting in humans: a PET–performance correlation analysis (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 14 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study examined the cerebral control of velocity during handwriting. We employed H215O positron emission tomography (PET) to measure the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 10 healthy subjects. Participants were required to write the German verb ‘bellen’ (‘to bark’) either at their normal speed (i.e. fast open-loop handwriting) or to write at approximately half of their normal speed without visual feedback. The second task required a continuous modification of the motor output according to the kinaesthetic feedback from the hand (i.e. slow closed-loop handwriting). Pencil movements were recorded during PET scanning and analysed off-line using a stroke-based analysing program. The mean number of inversions in velocity (NIV) per stroke was used to quantify the mode of motor control during each PET scan. A NIV of 1 indicates fast open-loop processing, whereas an increase in NIV reflects a shift towards slow closed-loop processing of handwriting. Foci in the left primary sensorimotor cortex, the right lateral premotor cortex, the left anterior parietal cortex, the left anterior putamen, the left rostral supplementary motor area and the right precuneus showed a graded increase in functional activation with the mean NIV per stroke, suggesting that this set of brain regions is particularly involved in the processing of slow closed-loop writing movements. No area showed a negative relationship between rCBF and the mean NIV per stroke, suggesting that fast open-loop handwriting is achieved by an optimized cooperation of the manual sensorimotor network rather than by a selective activation of a distinct network component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01694.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benzodiazepine receptors and cerebral blood flow in partial epilepsy (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 18 (1991), S. 111-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Partial epilepsy ; SPET ; Benzodiazepine receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It was the aim of this study to compare benzodiazepine (Bz) receptor binding and cerebral perfusion in patients with partial epilepsy. Single photon emission tomography (SPET) studies with the flow-marker technetium 99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxine (99mTc-HMPAO) and with the 123I-labelled Bz-receptor ligand Ro 16-0154 (123I-Iomazenil) were performed in 12 patients with partial epilepsy, all with normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans. The SPET studies with 123I-Iomazenil were carried out 5 min and 2 h after injection. At 2 h the distribution of activity was very similar to the expected distribution of Bz-receptors in the human brain, known from positron emission tomography (PET) work and post-mortem studies. Early images showed a significantly higher tracer accumulation in the area of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and naso-pharyngeal space. This finding is caused by non-specific binding and the contribution of the tracer in the blood pool in this phase. Also after 2 h p.i. of 123I-Iomazenil, 9 of the 12 patients showed a focal decrease of of Bz-receptor binding. Ten patients had focal flow abnormalities with 99mTc-HMPAO SPET. In 8 subjects impairment of flow was seen in sites of reduced 123I-Iomazenil uptake. 123I-Io-mazenil is suitable for Bz-receptor mapping. In this series of patients, Bz-receptor mapping with SPET seems to offer no advantage over 99mTc-HMPAO in the detection of epileptic foci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175914
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benzodiazepine receptors and cerebral blood flow in partial epilepsy (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 18 (1991), S. 111-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Partial epilepsy ; SPET ; Benzodiazepine receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It was the aim of this study to compare benzodiazepine (Bz) receptor binding and cerebral perfusion in patients with partial epilepsy. Single photon emission tomography (SPET) studies with the flow-marker technetium 99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxine (99mTc-HMPAO) and with the123I-labelled Bz-receptor ligand Ro 16-0154 (123I-Iomazenil) were performed in 12 patients with partial epilepsy, all with normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans. The SPET studies with123I-Iomazenil were carried out 5 min and 2 h after injection. At 2 h the distribution of activity was very similar to the expected distribution of Bz-receptors in the human brain, known from positron emission tomography (PET) work and post-mortem studies. Early images showed a significantly higher tracer accumulation in the area of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and naso-pharyngeal space. This finding is caused by non-specific binding and the contribution of the tracer in the blood pool in this phase. Also after 2 h p.i. of123I-Iomazenil, 9 of the 12 patients showed a focal decrease of of Bz-receptor binding. Ten patients had focal flow abnormalities with99mTc-HMPAO SPET. In 8 subjects impairment of flow was seen in sites of reduced123I-Iomazenil uptake.123I-Io-mazenil is suitable for Bz-receptor mapping. In this series of patients, Bz-receptor mapping with SPET seems to offer no advantage over99mTc-HMPAO in the detection of epileptic foci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00950756
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of technetium 99m polyclonal human immunoglobulin and technetium 99m monoclonal antibodies for imaging chronic osteomyelitis (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 18 (1991), S. 401-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The accuracy of technetium-99m human immunoglobulin (HIG) for the detection of chronic osteomyelitis (OM) was compared with white blood cell scintigraphy using99mTc-labelled monoclonal mouse antibodies (MAB). Seventeen patients suspected of having OM in 20 lesions went through three-phase skeletal scintigraphy, HIG scintigraphy and MAB scintigraphy. The final diagnosis was established by open surgery, histology and bacteriology. Chronic OM was proved in 14/20 lesions. Six of these 14 infections were located in peripheral areas without active bone marrow and 8/14 in central areas with active bone marrow. In peripheral OM, 5/6 with HIG and 6/6 with MAB were true positives. In the central skeleton all 8/8 infections appeared as cold lesions in the MAB study, which were defined as being false negative due to their non-specificity. Using HIG, 5/8 central infections were determined to be truly positive by showing photon-rich lesions. These 5 lesions were located in the hip region and in the pelvis, whereas 3 lesions of the spine were missed. There were no false-positive results in either studies. In conclusion, MAB was superior to HIG in peripheral OM concerning sensitivity, anatomical landmarks and differentiation of soft tissue versus bone infection. In central OM MAB detected all lesions accurately, but no differential diagnosis was possible due to the non-specificity of photon-low areas. In this respect HIG seems to be more specific due to the increased accumulation even in central infection sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258431
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-4-[123l]iodobenzamide as a tracer for the detection of malignant melanoma: simple synthesis, improved labelling technique and first clinical results (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 20 (1993), S. 238-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Malignant melanoma ; Scintigraphy ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Iodine-123 benzamides ; Bromine-iodine exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to evaluate the behaviour of N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-4-[123I]iodobenzamide in malignant melanotic disease, we synthesized the bromo compound in a simple one-step reaction. Labelling was performed by non-isotopic bromine-iodine-123 exchange in radiochemical yields up to 60%. By means of isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography, the iodinated product could be isolated with high apparent specific activity. First clinical studies in patients with malignant melanoma using N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-4[123I]iodobenzamide showed moderate uptake of the tracer in the tumour and the suspected metastases in all patients. Most of the lesions were detectable with technetium-99m-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) scintigraphy too, but we were able to detect additional, previously unidentified metastases with benzamide scintigraphy. This changed the therapeutic procedure in two of the five cases investigated so far.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170005
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ictal technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer single-photon emission tomographic findings and propagation of epileptic seizure activity in patients with extratemporal epilepsies (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 25 (1998), S. 166-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Ictal single-photon emission tomography ; Positron emission tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; EEG-video monitoring ; Epilepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Although ictal single-photon emission tomography (SPET) with technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) has a well-established role in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who are being considered for epilepsy surgery, its use in cases of extratemporal epilepsy is still limited. We investigated the influence of the propagation of extratemporal epileptic seizure activity on the regional increase in cerebral blood flow, which is usually associated with epileptic seizure activity. Forty-two consecutive patients with extratemporal epilepsies were prospectively evaluated. All patients underwent ictal SPET studies with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and video recordings of habitual seizures and imaging studies including cranial magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography with 2-[18F]-fluoro-2 deoxy-d-glucose. Propagation of epilptic seizure activity (PESA) was defined as the absence of hyperperfusion on ictal ECD SPET in the lobe of seizure onset, but its presence in another ipsilateral or contralateral lobe. Observers analysing the SPET images were not informed of the other results. PESA was observed in 8 of the 42 patients (19%) and was ipsilateral to the seizure onset in five (63%) of these eight patients. The time between clinical seizure onset and injection of the ECD tracer ranged from 14 to 61 s (mean 34 s). Seven patients (88%) with PESA had parieto-occipital epilepsy and one patient had a frontal epilepsy. PESA was statistically more frequent in patients with parieto-occipital lobe epilepsies (58%) than in the remaining extratemporal epilepsy syndromes (3%) (P〈0.0002). These findings indicate that ictal SPET studies require simultaneous EEG-video recordings in patients with extratemporal epilepsies. PESA should be considered when interpreting ictal SPET studies in these patients. Patients with PESA are more likely to have parieto-occipital lobe epilepsy than seizure onset in other extratemporal regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590050210
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thallium-201 single photon emission tomography of myocardium: Additional information in reinjection studies is dependent on collateral circulation (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 19 (1992), S. 790-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Thallium-201 ; Single photon emission tomography ; Reinjection ; Collateral circulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A second thallium-201 injection under resting conditions is able to improve the differentiation between myocardial scar and ischaemia when compared with simple redistribution imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dependence of this improvement on the degree of stenosis and the presence of collaterals. Single photon emission tomography (SPET) studies under exercise, redistribution and reinjection conditions were performed on 84 patients with 181 stenotic vessels (70 left anterior descending, 47 left circumflex, 64 right coronary artery) and compared with angiography. An improvement of the 201Tl uptake in the reinjection image was observed in 53% of the myocardial areas served by a coronary artery with a stenosis of over 90%. This is compared with 13% of the areas served by a vessel with a stenosis between 50% and 90%. 90% of the collateralized areas showed a fill-in effect, but only 7 of the 118 without angiographically visible collateralization (6%). The dependence of the fill-in effect, collateralization and stenosis was highly significant (χ2 test, p 〈 0.0001). In our patient group, there was much greater benefit from the reinjection study in vessels with a 〉 90% narrowing. The fill-in effect was closely correlated to the presence of collaterals. In these cases, the fill-in may be an indication for hibernating myocardium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00182821
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraoperative, probe-guided curettage of osteoid osteoma (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 20 (1993), S. 609-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Osteoid osteoma ; Nidus ; Intraoperative scintigraphy ; Probe-guided removal ; Curettage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The only curative approach for osteoid osteoma is operative removal of the nidus, but intraoperative detection of the nidus is difficult even when an X-ray amplifier is used. A simple probe-guided operative procedure using technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate is described, and the results and follow-up in 12 patients are reported. In addition physical properties of the probe have been evaluated by phantom measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176556
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The clinical impact of thallium-201 reinjection for the detection of myocardial hibernation (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 23 (1996), S. 407-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Hibernating myocardium ; Wall motion ; Revascularization ; Thallium-201 reinjection ; Single-photon emission tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thallium-201 reinjection improves detection of hibernating myocardium in about 30%–50% of persisting defects. The main goal of cardiac revascularization techniques is amelioration of clinical symptoms such as angina and dyspnoea; however, improvement in regional and global pump function is an additional and important target. The aim of this study was to investigate whether fill-in in the reinjection study is correlated with improved contractile function after treatment (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty/aortocoronary bypass surgery). We studied 32 patients with coronary heart disease and impaired regional wall motion (RWM). RWM and ejection fraction (EF) were assessed by analysing ventriculographic images using the centreline method (values in standard deviations from mean values found in a healthy control group). Three201T1 single-photon emission tomographic studies (stress, redistribution and reinjection) were performed prior to revascularization and analysed using a bull's-eye scheme. Patients were divided into two groups (group FI-=no fill-in,n=16; group FI+=fill-in,n=16). Fifty-six percent of all patients showed persisting defects, and 56% of these defects showed fill-in after reinjection. Fill-in in our patient group was independent of the size of the persisting defects. After revascularization RWM increased significantly in group FI+ (from −1.9 to 0.0 SD,P〈0.001) whereas group FI- showed no significant change (from −1.6 to −1.8 SD). EF increased from −4.3 preoperatively to −2.1 SD postoperatively in group FI+ and did not change significantly in group Fl- (−2.5 to −3.2 SD). The predictive value of reinjection for improvement of RWM was 88%. It is concluded that fill-in in the201Tl reinjection image can predict recovery of RWM and EF after revascularization and should be used in all patients with impaired RWM and persisting defects independent of their extent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01247369
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