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  • 1
    Keywords: Geology ; Geology ; Geology ; Geology ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Zentralanden ; Geologie
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: VIII, 261 S , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt
    ISBN: 3540500324 , 0387500324
    Series Statement: Lecture notes in earth sciences 17
    DDC: 558
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Berlin : Springer Spektrum
    Keywords: Lehrbuch ; Geologie
    Description / Table of Contents: "Dieses Lehrbuch erklärt, wie sich geologische, geophysikalische, mineralogische, chemische und astronomische Vorgänge und Kräfte zusammen auf das System Erde auswirken. In einzelnen Kapiteln wird detailliert darauf eingegangen, wie sowohl die Plattentektonik und Magmatismus als auch Regen, Wind, Eis und Wellen die Erdoberfläche formen. ... Für die fünfte Auflage haben Heinrich Bahlburg und Christoph Breitkreuz den Inhalt an vielen Stellen überarbeitet und ergänzt. Neu sind Abschnitte zur Dynamik von Magmenkammern, zu Feuchtgebieten, Meeresspiegelschwankungen und zum Phosphor-Kreislauf."--
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: XVII, 433 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten , 25 cm
    Edition: 5. Auflage
    ISBN: 9783662549308
    Series Statement: Lehrbuch
    DDC: 551
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: German
    Note: Literaturangaben , Einführung -- I. Exogene Dynamik: Kontrollfaktoren der exogenen Dynamik -- Verwitterung und Bodenbildung auf dem Festland -- Das Wasser auf dem Festland -- Abtragung, Transport und Ablagerung -- Das Meer -- Die frühe Erde und der Beginn des Lebens -- Diagenese und Einteilung der Sedimentgesteine -- II. Endogene Dynamik: Physik und Chemie des Planeten Erde -- Globale Plattentektonik -- Tektonik und Beckenbildung -- Magmatismus -- Metamorphose -- III. System Erde: Die Lithosphäre im Verlauf der Erdgeschichte -- System Erde: zyklische Prozesse mit komplexen Ursachen -- Der Mensch im System Erde
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-08-17
    Description: The St. Elias orogen and the Surveyor Fan in the adjacent Gulf of Alaska are a coupled source to sink system recording the interplay of tectonics and variable degrees of glaciation during the collision of the Yakutat terrane with the southern Alaska margin since the Miocene. The Miocene to Holocene sediments of the Surveyor Fan were drilled during IODP expedition 341. The recovered material is used to constrain information on changes in erosion centers during the last 10 Ma to study the impact of climatic and tectonic processes on orogen evolution. Point counting of sand- and silt-sized light framework components and geochemical single grain analysis of heavy mineral groups epidote and pyroxene is applied to analyze patterns of sedimentary provenance of two sites on the distal and proximal Surveyor Fan (Site U1417 and U1418, respectively). The studied sands and silts of Miocene to Pleistocene age are slightly enriched in feldspar (plag 〉〉 kf) at the proximal site, compositions at both sites do not show systematical changes with time of deposition. Framework component spectra uniformly reflect the expected active margin provenance. Epidote and pyroxene compositions are very consistent and show no change with time of deposition. Associations of epidote and pyroxene with albite, titanite and pumpellyite are in line with near-shore sources in the Chugach Metamorphic Complex and the metabasite belt at its southern border, and in units of recycled detritus exposed in the fold and thrust belt on the western Yakutat Terrane, respectively. Rock fragments indicate input from mainly metamorphic sources during the Miocene and Pliocene and an increase of input from low-grade metamorphic and sedimentary rocks in the Pleistocene, a finding also indicated by the abundance of epidote and pyroxene. This implies increasing erosion of the near-shore areas of the fold and thrust belt with advance of glaciers to the shore since the Miocene, being enhanced by the onset of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation at the beginning of the Pleistocene. Climate changes connected to the mid-Pleistocene transition did not result in appreciable changes in the petrographic compositions. Glaciers seem to have remained nested in their topographically predefined positions, continuously feeding material with uniform characteristics into the fan.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (1056)
    Keywords: ddc:549 ; Alaska ; Provenance ; Framework components ; Pyroxene ; Epidote ; Climate–tectonic interactions
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 50 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Provenance studies on Early to Middle Ordovician clastic formations of the southern Puna basin in north-western Argentina indicate that the sedimentary detritus is generally composed of reworked crustal material. Tremadoc quartz-rich turbidites (Tolar Chico Formation, mean composition Qt89 F7 L4) are followed by volcaniclastic rocks and greywackes (Tolillar Formation, mean Qt33 F42 L25). These are in turn overlain by volcaniclastic deposits (mean Qt24 F30 L46) of the Diablo Formation (late Arenig–early Llanvirn) that are intercalated by lava flows. All units were deformed in the Oclóyic Orogeny during the Middle and Late Ordovician. Sandstones of the Tolar Chico Formation are characterized by Th/Sc ratios 〉 1, La/Sc ratios ≈ 10, whereas associated fine-grained wackes show slightly lower values for both ratios. LREE (light rare earth elements) enrichment of the arenites is ≈ 50× chondrite, Eu/Eu* values are between 0·72 and 0·92, and flat HREE (heavy rare earth elements) patterns indicate a derivation from mostly felsic rocks of typical upper crustal composition. The εNd(t = sed) values scatter around −11 to −9. The calculated Nd-TDM residence ages vary between 1·8 and 2·0 Ga indicating contribution by a Palaeoproterozoic crustal component. The Th/Sc and La/Sc ratios of the Tolillar Formation are lower than those of the Tolar Chico Formation. Normalized REE (rare earth elements) patterns display a similar shape to PAAS (post-Archaean average Australian shale) but with higher abundances of HREEs. Eu/Eu* values range between 0·44 and 1·17, where the higher values reflect the abundance of plagioclase and feldspar-bearing volcanic lithoclasts. Average εNd(t = sed) values are less negative at −5·1, and Nd-TDM are lower at 1·6 Ga. This is consistent with characteristics of regional rocks of upper continental crust composition, which most probably represent the sources of the studied detritus. The rocks of the Diablo Formation have the lowest Th/Sc and La/Sc ratios, lower LREE abundances than the average continental crust and are slightly enriched in HREEs. Eu/Eu* values are between 0·63 and 1·17. The Nd isotopes (εNd(t = sed) = −3 to −1; TDM = 1·2 Ga) indicate that one source component was less fractionated than both the underlying Early Ordovician and the overlying Middle Ordovician units. Synsedimentary vulcanites in the Diablo Formation show the same isotopic composition. Our data indicate that the sedimentary detritus is generally composed of reworked crustal material, but that the Diablo Formation appears to contain ≈ 80% of a less fractionated component, derived from a contemporaneous continental volcanic arc. There are no data indicating an exotic detrital source or the accretion of an exotic block at this part of the Gondwana margin during the Ordovician.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 74 (1985), S. 565-572 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A discontinuous outcrop of Palaeozoic rhythmic clastites appears in the North Chilean Coastal Cordillera. The Formación El Toco (21°15′–22°15′S) whose scarce flora points to a presumably Upper Devonian age forms the northernmost part of the outcrop. It is discordantly overlain by Lower Jurassic volcanics (Fm. La Negra), its base, however, is not exposed. Hercynian heteromorphous deformation led to predominantly NW trending folds strongly inclined mostly to the SW. Chevron-like folds of 0.1 to 30 m occur locally and seem to display properties transitional between synsedimentary-gravitational and early tectonic deformation. The series which is at least 2300 m thick consists of proximal, in parts pebbly turbidites with non-turbiditic finegrained intercalations. Incomplete BOUMA-sequences frequently begin with A-beds of grey to green immature, badly sorted coarse sandstones of up to 6 m thickness containing isolated quartz- and pelite-clasts. Measurements of flute casts and f oresets show palaeocurrents which came from NW and NNE. Along with petrographic observations they indicate southward directed transport of detritus from low metamorphic sedimentary and magmatic source areas into an Upper Devonian nonvolcanic basin.
    Abstract: Résumén Ritmitas clásticas de edad paleozoica forman afloramientos discontinuos en la Cordillera de la Costa del Norte de Chile. La Formación El Toco (21°15′–22°15′S), que contiene una flora escasa de probable edad Devónico Superior, constituye la parte más septentrional de estos afloramientos. La base no se conoce, mientras que el techo infrayace discordantemente a volcanitas jurásicas inferiores (Fm. La Negra). Deformaciones hercínicas heteromórficas llevan a la formación de pliegues orientados predominantemente al NW inclinados fuertemente al SW. Localmente aparecen pliegues en forma de chevron de un tamano de 0.1 a 30 m que muestran caracteristicas de deformación transicional entre sinsedimentana-gravitativa y tectónica temprana. La serie que tiene una potencia de por lo menos 2300 m consiste en turbiditas proximales parcialmente con gravas e intercalaciones finas no-turbidíticas. Secuencias incompletas de BOUMA empiezan frecuentemente con capas de la division A (espesor maximo 6 m) los cuales se componen con frecuencia de areniscas gruesas gris-verdes, composicionalmente inmaduras y mal seleccionadas, con clastos aislados de cuarzo y pelita. Medidas de ‘flute casts’ y ‘foresets’ muestran paleocorrientes provenientes de NW y NNE. Junto con observaciones petrográficas, las paleocorrientes indican un transporte de material detrítico, originado de áreas con rocas sedimentarias, metamórficas de bajo grado e ígneas, dirigido al sur hacia una cuenca no volcánica de edad Devónico Superior.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Formación El Toco ist der nördlichste Aufschluß einer Kette von Vorkommen paläozoischer rhythmischer Klastite in der nordchilenischen Küstenkordillere. Diese Formation (21°15′–22°15′S), deren spärliche Flora vorbehaltlich dem Oberdevon zuzuordnen ist, wird diskordant von unterjurassischen Vulkaniten (Fm. La Negra) überlagert —das Liegende ist nicht aufgeschlossen. Variszische heteromorphe Deformation führte zu vorherrschend NW-streichender Faltung, die meist starke SW-Vergenz zeigt. Lokal tritt eine scharfe Verfaltung im 0,1 bis 30 m-Bereich hinzu, die sowohl synsedimentär-gravitative als auch frühtektonische Deformationsmerkmale zeigt. Die mindestens 2300 m mächtige Serie ist ein proximaler Flysch mit z. T. kiesführenden Turbiditen, in die nichtturbiditische feinkörnige Partien eingeschaltet sind. Die unvollständigen BOUMA-Sequenzen beginnen häufig mit einer aus grauen bis grünen unreifen und schlechtsortierten Grobsandsteinen bestehenden A-Division von bis zu 6 m Mächtigkeit, die isolierte Quarz- und Pelitklasten enthalten kann. Flute cast- und Foreset-Messungen weisen auf Paläoströmungsrichtungen aus NW und NNO hin. Zusammen mit petrographischen Analysen läßt sich daraus ein südwärts gerichteter Transport von schwachmetamorphsedimentärem und magmatischem Detritus in ein oberdevonisches nicht-vulkanisches Becken ableiten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 76 (1987), S. 633-646 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The oldest non-metamorphic sediments of northern Chile (21
    Abstract: Resumen Los sedimentos no-metamórficos más antiguos en el norte de Chile (21
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die ältesten, nicht-metamorphen Sedimente Nordchiles (21
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-12-13
    Description: Erosion, sediment production, and routing on a tectonically active continental margin reflect both tectonic and climatic processes; partitioning the relative importance of these processes remains controversial. Gulf of Alaska contains a preserved sedimentary record of the Yakutat Terrane collision with North America. Because tectonic convergence in the coastal St. Elias orogen has been roughly constant for 6 My, variations in its eroded sediments preserved in the offshore Surveyor Fan constrain a budget of tectonic material influx, erosion, and sediment output. Seismically imaged sediment volumes calibrated with chronologies derived from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program boreholes show that erosion accelerated in response to Northern Hemisphere glacial intensification (∼2.7 Ma) and that the 900-km-long Surveyor Channel inception appears to correlate with this event. However, tectonic influx exceeded integrated sediment efflux over the interval 2.8–1.2 Ma. Volumetric erosion accelerated following the onset of quasi-periodic (∼100-ky) glacial cycles in the mid-Pleistocene climate transition (1.2–0.7 Ma). Since then, erosion and transport of material out of the orogen has outpaced tectonic influx by 50–80%. Such a rapid net mass loss explains apparent increases in exhumation rates inferred onshore from exposure dates and mapped out-of-sequence fault patterns. The 1.2-My mass budget imbalance must relax back toward equilibrium in balance with tectonic influx over the timescale of orogenic wedge response (millions of years). The St. Elias Range provides a key example of how active orogenic systems respond to transient mass fluxes, and of the possible influence of climate-driven erosive processes that diverge from equilibrium on the million-year scale.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Provenance; Heavy minerals; Detrital zircon; U–Pb dating; Rhine River; Alps ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Geology; Geophysics/Geodesy
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: application/pdf
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