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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A random effects model for some epidemiological features of dental caries (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 19 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a random effects model for caries lesion development and progression based on considering the effects of the pH fluctuations over time in microbial dental plaque as a Wiener process with a single absorptive barrier. The model predicts that the period of greatest risk to developing caries occurs shortly after eruption, but thereafter the longer a surface survives without developing a lesion, the less likely will it be that a lesion will subsequently develop. The model is able to anticipate why the effect of water fluoridation on caries prevalence is most pronounced when caries is diagnosed at cavity level. This model offers one way in which the variability which characterizes the complex ecosystem associated with dental caries may be considered a subject of interest for enhancing our understanding of its pathogenesis and epidemiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00180.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langerhans cells in oral epithelium of chronically inflamed human gingivae (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 24 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study describes the histopathological features and the distribution of oral epithelial Langerhans cells in 19 gingival biopsies originating from an adult Tanzanian population characterized by very poor oral hygiene and severe gingival inflammation. Light-microscopically, all biopsies contained often large inflammatory connective tissue infiltrates, 6 of which predominantly contained plasma cells while the rest were dominated by lymphocytes. Seven specimens contained peculiar accumulations of round lymphoid and dendritic cells in the lower cell layers of the oral epithelium. These phenomena have not previously been demonstrated in human gingiva and deserve further attention in studies on the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Immuno-histochemical staining with OKT6, OKT4 and OKT8 antibodies showed markedly increased numbers of OKT6-positive cells in 7 specimens and clusters of OKT4- and OKT8-positive cells in the oral epithelium of 4 specimens. High numbers of OKT6-positive cells were not related to the presence of intrae pithelial, non-keratinocyte infiltrates or large connective tissue infiltrates. The variable numbers of oral epithelial Langerhans cells may therefore result from different bacterial antigens elucidating different responses or, alternatively, reflect different responses to similar plaque antigens penetrating the surface of the oral epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1989.tb00867.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral hygiene, gingivitis and periodontal breakdown in adult Tanzanians (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 21 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study describes the cross-sectional findings on dental plaque, calculus, gingivitis, loss of attachment, periodontal pockets and tooth loss in a population of adult Tanzanians aged 30–30 years. In all age groups more than 90% of all tooth surfaces exhibited plaque and 50–50% exhibited calculus deposits. Both plaque and calculus deposits were more extensive in the older age groups whereas gingival bleeding affected 30–30% of the surfaces in all age groups. Less than 35% of all surfaces exhibited a loss of attachment ≥4 mm and less than 10% had a loss of attachment exceeding 6 mm. Loss of attachment was accompanied by recession of the marginal gingiva and pockets deeper than 3 mm were present on less than 10% of all surfaces. The mean number of teeth present ranged from 23.9 in the oldest to 29.5 in the youngest age group. An interesting finding was that relatively few individuals accounted for most of the loss of attachment and periodontal pockets found in the study. Therefore, in future epidemiologic studies more emphasis should be put on the identification of these particularly susceptible subpopulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01454.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodontal conditions among adults in Southern Thailand (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 38 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective:  To describe the periodontal conditions among 30–39- and 50–59-year-old rural Thais from the Province of Songkhla, Southern Thailand.Methods:  A total of 359 dentate persons were given a clinical examination comprising recordings of plaque and calculus in six teeth, and bleeding on probing, attachment level and pocket depth in six sites of all teeth present, except third molars. The same examiner carried out all examinations. Information on religious faith, smoking habits and use of betel was obtained by interview. A subset consisting of 60 persons was reexamined for attachment level 6 months later by another examiner.Results:  The oral hygiene conditions were poor with abundant amounts of both plaque and calculus. Gingival bleeding was essentially ubiquitous. The prevalence of attachment loss ≥ 4 mm was 92% among 30–39-year-olds and 100% among 50–59-year-olds. The average percentage of sites affected in the two age groups was 23.9% and 63.9%. Pockets ≥ 4 mm were seen in 84% of the 30–39-year-olds and in 93% of the 50–59-year-olds. Older age, Thai Buddhist faith and a high percentage of sites with calculus were significant positive predictors of a high percentage of sites with attachment loss ≥ 4 mm, whereas older age and Thai Buddhist faith were the only statistically significant predictors of a high percentage of sites with attachment loss ≥ 7 mm.Conclusion:  The results indicate that this Thai population may have more widespread and severe periodontal destruction than other Asian populations, but failed to confirm the contention that Muslim faith is associated with more severe periodontal destruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2003.00367.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transition dynamics in experimental gingivitis in humans (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 24 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was conducted in order to investigate the dynamics of the gingival inflammatory status during periods of plaque accumulation and thorough oral hygiene. After a period of prophylaxis, 42 volunteers were asked to abstain from all oral hygiene measures for 2 weeks, whereafter oral hygiene was reinstituted. In the absence of oral hygiene, plaque was found at virtually all sites after 7 days and the number of sites with gingivitis increased simultaneously. A reduction in gingival inflammation occurred subsequent to plaque removal. During phases of both plaque accumulation and thorough oral hygiene, sites were found to convert from non-inflamed to inflamed status concurrently, as in the reverse direction. No association between plaque and gingivitis was revealed. The gingival status of a single site was a poor predictor of its status on the subsequent occasion. The proportion of inflamed sites converting to non-inflamed status was greater than the proportion of non-inflamed sites converting to inflamed status at any time. The estimated incidence rate remained fairly constant during both the plaque accumulation phase and the oral hygiene phase, whereas the estimated recovery rate was considerable lower during the plaque accumulation phase compared to oral hygiene phase. The clinical appearance is the outcome of the dynamics between these rates. The steadystate prevalences derived from the estimated “incidence” and “recovery” rates were quite similar to the actual findings after 14 d of plaque accumulation and the subsequent 10 d of thorough oral hygiene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1989.tb01790.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Profiles of destructive periodontal disease in different populations (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 31 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this study we evaluated the traditional view that the severity of periodontal disease varies between populations in that African and Asian populations are more severely affected than other populations. Our data on periodontal destruction in two random samples of a Kenyan and a Chinese adult population were recalculated to conform with the methods of examination and data presentation utilized in each of 6 other studies of attachment loss levels in different populations. The adult Kenyan and the adult Chinese group, who had very poor oral hygiene conditions and massive gingival inflammation, had attachment loss levels which were quite similar to those in a Japanese population (31), in a Norwegian population (27) and in a New Mexico group of adults (30). Attachment losses were similar in a population of young US adults (26) aged between 35 and 60 years relative to the corresponding Kenyan and Chinese groups while young US citizens had higher and elderly US citizens had lower mean attachment levels than either Kenyans or Chinese. Higher attachment loss levels beyond the age of 27 years were reported for a population of Sri Lankan tamil tea workers (27) and across all ages in two South Pacific island populations (29). Overall, the analysis indicates that the periodontal attachment loss profiles may differ between populations, but that these differences do not conform with the traditional generalization that African and Asian populations suffer more severe periodontal breakdown than other populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00459.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implant therapy in periodontally compromised patients (1997)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 8 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study evaluates the outcome of implant therapy in periodontally compromised patients in need of additional functional tooth support. A total of 3 1 Astra® implants and 93 ITI Dental Implant System implants were inserted in 19 and 56 patients, respectively. The length of the implants varied between 8 and 14 mm. with 45% being 8 mm and 21% being 11 mm or more. Most implants were placed in the maxilla, predominantly in the premolar region, while less than 25% were placed in the mandible. The obser vation period ranged between 12 and 40 months for Astra® implants and between 3 and 84 months for ITI implants. At annual recall visits, 4 sites on all implants were assessed for presence of plaque, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and radiographic assessment of bone loss was performed. A total of 3 implants, all ITI implants, failed, yielding a 3-year survival rate of 95–lOO%, depending on type of implant. After 3 years, 76–86% of all implants remained free from radiographic bone loss 2 1.5 mm. After 5 years, 55% of the ITI implants remained free from such bone loss. These results indicate that periodontally compromised patients, who have experienced a considerable loss of alveolar bony support, can be successfully treated with implants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1997.080304.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Putative periodontopathogens in “diseased” and “non-diseased” persons exhibiting poor oral hygiene (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 19 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of some putative periodonto-pathogens in “test” and “control” sites in “diseased” and “non-diseased” persons, respectively, from an adult rural Kenyan population exhibiting poor oral hygiene and widespread loss of attachment (LA). 14 persons (〈35 years) were assigned to a “diseased” category on the basis of at least 4 sites with LA≥4 mm; at least 5 mm LA and a pocket ≥4 mm interproximally in a lower incisor (“test” site): and less than 2 mm LA and no pocket ≥4 mm distal to a lower canine or mesial to a lower first premolar (“control” site). Age-matched “non-diseased” persons were identified on the basis of no sites with LA 〉2 mm and no pockets ≥4 mm associated with LA. Paperpoint samples from test and control sites as well as a scraping sample from the dorsum of tongue were examined for presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius, B. melaninogenicus group, Capnocytophaga, Selenomonas spp., and Wolinella recta. P. gingivalis was found in 79% of test sites and 36% of control sites in “diseased” persons, and in 18% and 35% of test and control sites, respectively, in “non-diseased” persons. “No other bacterial group discriminated significantly between test and control sites or between diseased and non-diseased subjects. The surprisingly high occurrence of P. gingivalis in non-diseased subjects, both subgingivally and on tongue, indicates that deep periodontal pockets are not prerequisite ecological environments for P. gingivalis establishment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb01146.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk determinants of periodontal disease – an analysis of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP 0) (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: In this study, risk determinants were determined for periodontal disease in the representative population sample (n=3146) of the Study of Health in Pomerania.Methods: After examining the net random sample (response 69%) and exclusion of edentulous cases and those with missing values, 2595 subjects remained. Using a multivariate, fully adjusted logistic regression, different definitions of “periodontally diseased/healthy” were examined as the dependent variable (extent of attachment loss (AL〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:03036979:JCPE629:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉4 mm, combined AL and tooth loss). The independent variables used were sociodemographic factors (age, gender, income, education), medical factors (systemic diseases, drugs), behavioral factors (regular dental checkup, smoking), and oral factors (presence of supragingival calculus and plaque).Results: The following risk determinants were found for AL: male gender, presence of supragingival plaque and calculus, smoking, low educational level. For the combination of AL and tooth loss, risk determinants were female gender, supragingival plaque, smoking, and low educational level. Consumption of antiallergic medications and regular dental checkups proved to be protective. Smoking was the most influential risk determinant. These parameters explained approximately 43–55% of the variation.Conclusion: These results concur with those of the literature. In order to explain disease status further, host-response and microbiological factors must also be examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00629.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodontal diseases in adult Kenyans (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 15 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study comprised 1131 persons who constitute a stratified random sample of the entire population aged 15–65 years in Machakos District, Kenya. Each person was examined for tooth mobility, plaque, calculus, gingival bleeding, loss of attachment and pocket depth on the mesial, buccal, distal and lingual surface of each tooth. The oral hygiene was poor with plaque on 75–95% and calculus on 10–85% of the surfaces depending on age. Irrespective of age, pockets ≥4 mm was seen on less than 20% of the surfaces, whereas 10–85% of the surfaces had loss of attachment ≥1 mm. The proportion of surfaces per individual with loss of attachment ≥4 mm or ≥7 mm, and pocket depths ≥4 mm or ≥7 mm, respectively, showed a pronounced skewed distribution, indicating that in each age group, a subfraction of individuals is responsible for a substantial proportion of the total periodontal breakdown. The individual teeth within the dentition also showed a marked variation in the severity of periodontal breakdown. Our findings provide additional evidence that destructive periodontal disease should not be perceived as an inevitable consequence of gingivitis which ultimately leads to considerable tooth loss, A more specific characterization of the features of periodontal breakdown in those individuals who seem particularly susceptible is therefore warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1988.tb01599.x
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