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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 4 (2003), S. 69-88 
    ISSN: 1527-8204
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fifty years after the publication of DNA structure, the whole human genome sequence will be officially finished. This achievement marks the beginning of the task to catalogue every human gene and identify each of their function expression patterns. Currently, researchers estimate that there are about 30,000 human genes and approximately 70% of these can be automatically predicted using a combination of ab initio and similarity-based programs. However, to experimentally investigate every gene's function, the research community requires a high-quality annotation of alternative splicing, pseudogenes, and promoter regions that can only be provided by manual intervention. Manual curation of the human genome will be a long-term project as experimental data are continually produced to confirm or refine the predictions, and new features such as noncoding RNAs and enhancers have not been fully identified. Such a highly curated human gene-set made publicly available will be a great asset for the experimental community and for future comparative genome projects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 4 (2003), S. 69-88 
    ISSN: 1527-8204
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fifty years after the publication of DNA structure, the whole human genome sequence will be officially finished. This achievement marks the beginning of the task to catalogue every human gene and identify each of their function expression patterns. Currently, researchers estimate that there are about 30,000 human genes and approximately 70% of these can be automatically predicted using a combination of ab initio and similarity-based programs. However, to experimentally investigate every gene's function, the research community requires a high-quality annotation of alternative splicing, pseudogenes, and promoter regions that can only be provided by manual intervention. Manual curation of the human genome will be a long-term project as experimental data are continually produced to confirm or refine the predictions, and new features such as noncoding RNAs and enhancers have not been fully identified. Such a highly curated human gene-set made publicly available will be a great asset for the experimental community and for future comparative genome projects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The human X chromosome has a unique biology that was shaped by its evolution as the sex chromosome shared by males and females. We have determined 99.3% of the euchromatic sequence of the X chromosome. Our analysis illustrates the autosomal origin of the mammalian sex chromosomes, the stepwise ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1072-8368
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Syntrophins are modular proteins belonging to the dystrophin associated glycoprotein complex and are thought to be involved in the regulation of the muscular system. Screening of peptide libraries revealed selectivity of the synotrophin PDZ domain toward the motif R/K/Q-E-S/T-X-V-COO− found ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5001
    Keywords: Bacteriorhodopsin ; Structure ; Membrane proteins ; Isotope labelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 1H NMR signals of the retinal moiety in detergent-solubilizedbacteriorhodopsin are assigned, enabling the interpretation of NOEs within thechromophore. To achieve this, a number of differently labelled samples wereprepared to test the applicability of the various assignment and distancemeasurement strategies. In measurements with and without light,1H and 13C chemical shifts of the retinal in thenative protein were partially assigned for both the dark- and thelight-adapted states. Additionally, samples with residue-specific1H amino acids and/or retinal in an otherwise deuterated proteinwere prepared to measure the distances between either two kinds of amino acidsor between individual amino acids and the retinal moiety. With the observationof NOE within the bound retinal and between retinal and its neighbouring aminoacids, an important step towards the elucidation of distance constraints inthe binding pocket of the proton pump is made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cauliflower mosaic virus ; β-glucuronidase ; 35S promoter ; tobacco mosaic virus ; translation efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In order to optimise expression of a foreign protein in transgenic plants we investigated the potential benefits of including a viral untranslated leader sequence within a plant transformation vector. A variety of 5 leaders, including the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) leader sequence and 31 nucleotides of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S RNA leader, were compared. Viral leader constructs employing the 35S promoter and the reporter β-glucuronidase (GUS) were tested by electroporation into tobacco mesophyll protoplasts and against a cointroduced chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene in transgenic tobacco leaves. In the transient assay system, GUS activities from the viral leaders were compared with those from either a short, random leader or a translational fusion of the CaMV 19S RNA ORF VI to GUS. A two-to-three-fold enhanced level of expression resulted when these leaders were substituted with either the 35S RNA or the TMV leader sequences. This enhancement was further increased, to four-to five-fold, by inclusion of four or seven of the bases from the 35S transcription initiation site adjacent to the TMV leader. In transgenic tobacco the improved GUS levels were maintained from constructs including either the TMV leader (eight-fold) or this sequence with the addition of the 35S transcription initiation site bases (ten-fold). A comparison of GUS enzyme amounts with GUS mRNA amounts, using the CAT gene as an internal standard, revealed that TMV leader-bearing mRNA was translated from four-to six-fold more efficiently than the random leader control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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