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  • 1
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been isolated from circulating mononuclear cells in human peripheral blood and shown to be incorporated into foci of neovascularization, consistent with postnatal vasculogenesis. We determined whether endogenous stimuli (tissue ischemia) and exogenous ...
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a prototypical morphogen known to regulate epithelial/mesenchymal interactions during embryonic development. We found that the hedgehog-signaling pathway is present in adult cardiovascular tissues and can be activated in vivo. Shh was able to induce robust angiogenesis, ...
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Cardiac hypertrophy occurs as an adaptive response to increased workload to maintain cardiac function. However, prolonged cardiac hypertrophy causes heart failure, and its mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we show that cardiac angiogenesis is crucially involved in the adaptive mechanism of ...
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1615-6692
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Angiogenese ; VEGF ; Gentransfer ; Vaskulogenese ; Endotheliale Vorläuferzelle ; Key Words Angiogenesis ; VEGF ; Gene transfer ; Vasculogenesis ; Endothelial progenitor cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The formation of new blood vessel is essential for a variety of physiological processes like embryogenesis and the female reproduction as well as wound healing and neovascularization of ischemic tissue. Major progress in understanding the underlying mechanism regulating blood vessel growth has offered novel therapeutic options in the treatment of a variety of diseases including ischemic cardiovascular disorders. Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are the mechanisms responsible for the development of the blood vessels. Angiogenesis refers to the formation of capillaries from preexisting vessels in the embryo and adult organism. While pathologic angiogenesis includes the role of post-natal neovascularization in the pathogenesis of arthritis, diabetic retinopathy, and tumor growth and metastasis, therapeutic angiogenesis, either endogenously or in response to administered growth factors, includes the development of collateral blood vessels in tissue ischemia. Preclinical studies established that angiogenic growth factors could promote collateral artery development in animal models of peripheral and myocardial ischemia. Subsequent clinical trials using gene transfer of nake DNA encoding for VEGF for the treatment of critical limb and myocardial ischemia documented the safety and clinical benefit of this novel therapeutic approach. Several objective methods indicated marked improvement in collateral vessel development. Vasculogenesis describes the development of new blood vessels from in situ differentiating endothelial cells. Recently considered to be restricted to embryogenesis, there exists now striking evidence that endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) circulate also in adult peripheral blood able to participate in ongoing neovascularization. Different cytokines and growth factors have a stimulatory effect on these bone-marrow derived EPC. Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mobilize EPC from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation. While their endogenous contribution to postnatal neovascularization needs to be documented, the iatrogenic expansion and mobilization of EPC might represent an effective means to augment the resident population of endothelial cells (ECs). This kind of cell therapy for tissue regeneration in ischemic cardiovascular diseases opens a novel challenging clinical options besides or in addition to the use of growth factors in gene therapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Bildung neuer Blutgefäße ist bei einer Vielzahl von Vorgängen, wie zum Beispiel der Embryogenese, dem weiblichen Reproduktionszyklus, der Wundheilung, dem Tumorwachstum und der Neovaskularisation ischämischer Gewebe, von Bedeutung. Zwei unterschiedliche Mechanismen sind an der Gefäßneubildung beteiligt: Vaskulogenese und Angiogenese. Die Angiogenese beschreibt die Neubildung von Gefäßen aus bestehenden Kapillaren im Embryo und im erwachsenen Organismus. Die Vaskulogenese definiert die Gefäßneubildung aus sich in situ differenzierenden endothelialen Vorläuferzellen. Das Dogma, dass die Vaskulogenese auf die Embryogenese beschränkt ist, wird durch den Nachweis von endothelialen Vorläuferzellen (EPC) im peripheren Blut von Erwachsenen in Frage stellt. Tiermodelle konnten belegen, dass EPC aus dem Knochenmark stammen und aktiv an der Neovaskularisation beteiligt sind. Molekular- und zellbiologische Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass verschiedene Zytokine und angiogene Wachstumsfaktoren stimulierend auf die Mobilisierung dieser endothelialen Vorläuferzellen aus dem Knochenmark wirken. Die Ergebnisse mit Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) und Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) eröffnen eine neue Betrachtungsweise für die klinische Verwendung von Zytokinen und den gentherapeutischen Einsatz von angiogenen Wachstumsfaktoren. Darüber hinaus könnte die Zelltransplantation von ex vivo expandierten EPC einen neuen therapeutischen Ansatz in der Therapie ischämischer kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen darstellen.
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