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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energetic Particles in the Earth's Magnetic Field (1966)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 16 (1966), S. 291-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4243
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ns.16.120166.001451
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of hexakis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl isocyanide)chromium(0) (1991)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 47 (1991), S. 2337-2339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270191000100
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instrumentation for balloon and rocket experiments (1972)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 13 (1972), S. 337-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A number of plasma, particle and field detectors used on rocket investigations in and above the Earth's atmosphere are described. Emphasis is on magnetospheric and solar-interplanetary studies. A balloon-borne X-ray telescope system with 20′ pointing accuracy is discussed. A PCM telemetry system used on both balloons and rockets to handle scientific data is described including a simple Doppler ranging system that gives location to 1.5 km. A system to reduce and analyze PCM data on the ground is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175322
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lunar remnant magnetic field mapping from orbital observations of mirrored electrons (1975)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 14 (1975), S. 35-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Areas of lunar surface magnetic field are observed to ‘mirror’ low energy electrons present in the normal lunar space environment. The ambient electrons provide, in effect, a probe along the ambient magnetic field lines down to the lunar surface for remote sensing of the presence of surface fields. This probe, unlike direct measurement by the magnetometer, does not require low altitude or a very stable (magnetotail) ambient field to provide a mapping of regions of occurrence of such fields. Use of the on-board vector magnetometer measurements of the ambient magnetic field orientation allows accurate projection of such mapping onto the lunar surface. Preliminary maps of the lunar surface magnetic areas underlying the orbit of the ‘Particles and Fields Satellite deployed from Apollo-16’ have been generated, obtaining 40% coverage from partial data to demonstrate feasibility of the technique. As well as providing independent verification of areas such as Van de Graaff already discovered in the magnetometer data, these maps reveal many previously unreported areas of surface magnetism. The method is sensitive to fields of less than 0.1γ at the surface. Application to the full body of available PFS-1 & 2 electron data is expected to provide complete mapping of the lunar surface for areas of magnetization up to latitudes of 35–40 deg. The surface field regions observed are generally due to sources smaller than 10–50 km in size, although many individual regions are often so close together as to give much larger regions of effectively continuous mirroring. Absence of consistent mirroring by any global field places an upper limit on the size of any net lunar dipole moment of less than 1010 γ km3. Much additional information regarding the magnetic regions can be obtained by correlated analysis of both the electron return and vector magnetometer measurements at orbital altitude, the two techniques providing each other with directly complimentary measurements at the satellite and along the ambient field lines to the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562971
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrons 〉 40 ke V and protons 〉 500 ke V of solar origin (1967)
    Springer
    Solar physics 1 (1967), S. 446-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Following many solar flares, electrons with kinetic energy 〉 40 keV appear in interplanetary space. There are two classes of such electrons: prompt electrons which arrive within an hour of the flare and delayed electrons which arrive about a day following the flare. The promptly arriving electrons are found to be of two types: Simple (S) events are associated with solar flares which occur in the absence of large area Type I radio noise storm and the complex (C) events resulting from flares beneath these large radio noise regions. The propagation of energetic solar flare electrons to the earth is best described in terms of cones of propagation. In the S-events the cones have about 30° opening angle whereas in the C-type events the cones open to about 90° full angle. Outside the boundaries of these cones the electron flux is much reduced. Within the cones there is a net streaming of the electrons away from the sun. Solar flare electron fluxes do not show filamentary structure even at times when protons from the same flare do. This suggests that the electrons are injected into the interplanetary field from regions distinct from the proton injection region. The delayed solar electron events are accompanied by large fluxes of protons 〉 500 keV. These events are sometimes closely related to a sudden commencement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00151369
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A spatially confined long-lived stream of solar particles (1986)
    Springer
    Solar physics 103 (1986), S. 165-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The intensities of low-energy solar-interplanetary electrons and ions at 1 AU occasionally change in a ‘square-wave’ fashion. The changes may be increases or decreases and they have duration of a few hours. In one such example following a solar flare, particles flow away from the Sun in a well-defined channel 2.5 × 106 km in width for twenty hours or longer. We believe that the interplanetary magnetic lines defined by this channel connect to an active region at 16° N solar latitude. At this time the Earth was located at a solar latitude of 2° S. Evidently the particle channel connects to a region of the solar atmosphere which supplies particles over these long times either via storage of the flare accelerated particles or else by continuous acceleration. Arguments are given against the latter possibility. We discuss a model for coronal storage which is consistent with the observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00154866
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hard solar flare X-ray Bursts on 8 December 1970 (1974)
    Springer
    Solar physics 35 (1974), S. 419-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Hard X-ray bursts have been observed from two 1B flares located in the same sunspot region and separated in time by about 70 min on 8 December 1970. The bursts are composed by many ‘flashes’ of 2 to 20 seconds duration. Power spectrum analysis reveals no strong periodicities although a significant peak appears at 7.5 s. The characteristic times of 2 to 20 s do not seem likely to be electron transit times since the flare size is so small. These times are evidently connected with the acceleration of the electrons. Fitting Takakura's model of the radio noise region to the observations we find this region to be small but the density of electrons above 100 keV is high, on the order of 107 cm-3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00151965
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrons and protons in long-lived streams of energetic solar particles (1969)
    Springer
    Solar physics 6 (1969), S. 111-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In 1966 and 1967 many long-lived streams of low-energy solar electrons and protons were observed near Earth. These streams were sometimes associated with bright flares which occurred many hours earlier and sometimes no individual flare could be found. In the latter case the particles are evidently to be associated in a general way with solar active centers as Fan et al. (1968) have done. The long-lived solar events discussed here include energetic storm particles, delayed events and fluxes associated with solar active regions. It is suggested here that these are all probably the same basic phenomena viewed in somewhat different ways depending on the age of the region and its location on the solar disc. These events are usually associated with a depression in the sea-level neutron intensity and one or more sudden commencements or sudden impulses. Both electrons and protons are present in these events but in several cases electrons were not detected. The most unusual feature is that when both particle species are present, the electron flux is centered several hours before the proton flux.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146801
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Negative ions in the coma of comet Halley (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 349 (1991), S. 393-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The RPA-1 electron electrostatic analyser4 (Fig. 1) on the Giotto spacecraft was designed for measurements of plasma electrons near comet P/Halley (see refs 5-10 for results). Negatively charged ions, however, can also be identified if their thermal and flow speeds are much less than the spacecraft ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/349393a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probable detection of organic-dust-borne aromatic C 3 H 3 + ions in the coma of comet Halley (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 337 (1989), S. 53-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The PICCA (positive-ion-cluster-composition analyser) instrument uses an electrostatic analyser and measures the ratio Fig. 1 Three consecutive measurements of mass spectra. The time is given in spacecraft event time and corresponds to cometocentric distances of (top to bottom) 4,450, 4,230 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/337053a0
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