Keywords:
Vaccines.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
By addressing considerations of efficacy and safety of drugs and chemicals used to combat COVID-19, virtually in real-time, this book documents and highlights the advances in science and place the toxicology, pharmaceutical science, public health and medical community in a better position to advise in future epidemics.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (694 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781839166846
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6977719
DDC:
016.35960973
Language:
English
Note:
Cover -- The Coronavirus Pandemic and the Future Volume 2: Virology, Epidemiology, Translational Toxicology and Therapeutics -- Dedication -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contents -- Chapter 1 - In Silico Approaches for Drug Repurposing for SARS-CoV- 2 Infection -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 What is Drug Repurposing -- 1.1.2 Why Drug Repurposing -- 1.1.2.1 Regulatory Considerations -- 1.1.3 Why Drug Repurposing for COVID-19? -- 1.1.4 Why In Silico Approaches for Drug Repurposing -- 1.1.4.1 Gene Profiling -- 1.1.4.2 In Vitro Screening -- 1.1.4.3 Phenotypic Screening -- 1.1.4.4 Binding Assays for Target Interactions -- 1.1.4.5 Cellular Thermal Shift Assay -- 1.1.4.6 The In Silico Effort -- 1.2 Understanding SARS-CoV- 2 from an In Silico Perspective -- 1.2.1 Structural Proteins of SARS-CoV- 2 -- 1.2.1.1 Surface Spike Protein (S-protein) -- 1.2.1.2 Nucleocapsid Protein (N-protein) -- 1.2.1.3 Envelope Protein (E-protein) -- 1.2.1.4 Membrane Protein (M-protein) -- 1.2.2 Non-structural and Accessory Proteins of SARS-CoV- 2 -- 1.2.3 Structure of SARS-CoV- 2 Proteins -- 1.3 Structure-based Approaches for Drug Repurposing -- 1.3.1 Docking Studies in the Main Protease (Mpro/3CLpro) -- 1.3.1.1 Crystal Structures Used in Docking -- 1.3.1.2 Methods or Programs Used in Docking -- 1.3.1.3 Ligands and Databases Used for Screening -- 1.3.1.4 Molecular Dynamics Programs Used -- 1.3.1.5 Duration of MD Simulation -- 1.3.1.6 Free-energy Estimation Method Used -- 1.3.1.7 Analysis of Hit Drugs from Docking -- 1.3.1.8 Some Noteworthy Studies on Mpro -- 1.3.1.8.1 Study Reporting Good Correlation of Predicted Binding Affinity with Experiments.Huynh et al. performed MD simulation of apo and ... -- 1.3.1.8.2 Studies Using Pharmacophore or Shape-based Methods for Screening of Drugs. Arun.
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1.3.1.8.3 Novel Methods of Screening. Sencanski et al. reported a novel two-step approach to identify -- 1.3.1.8.4 Studies in which Important Observations are Reported.Jin et al. reported identification of lead compounds by combining structure... -- 1.3.2 Docking Studies in RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase -- 1.3.3 Docking Studies in Papain-like Protease -- 1.3.4 Docking Studies in the Nucleocapsid Protein (N-protein) -- 1.3.5 Docking Studies in the Spike Glycoprotein (S-protein) -- 1.3.6 Docking Studies in NSP1 -- 1.3.7 Docking Studies in NSP13/Helicase -- 1.3.8 Docking Studies in NSP15/Endonucleases -- 1.3.9 Docking Studies in NSP16 -- 1.3.10 Docking in Main Protease and Spike Glycoprotein -- 1.3.11 Docking in Multiple Structural Proteins -- 1.3.12 Docking in Proteases -- 1.3.13 Docking in Multiple Targets -- 1.3.13.1 Studies Involving Large Numbers of Targets -- 1.3.13.2 Studies Involving Main Protease and Other Targets -- 1.3.13.3 Studies on Mixed Targets -- 1.3.14 Discussion and Consensus Screening Protocol from the Reviewed Literature -- 1.4 Ligand-based Approaches for Drug Repurposing -- 1.4.1 QSAR-based Approaches -- 1.4.2 Pharmacophore-based Approaches -- 1.5 Other Approaches for Drug Repurposing -- 1.5.1 Machine Learning-based Methods -- 1.5.1.1 Machine Learning Using Molecular Descriptors -- 1.5.1.2 Machine Learning Using Docking Interactions -- 1.5.2 Pharmacology-based Network Analysis Methods -- 1.5.2.1 Protein-Protein Interactions -- 1.5.2.2 Expression Profiling -- 1.6 Understanding Human Targets in COVID-19 From an In Silico Perspective -- 1.6.1 Host Proteins Involved in the SARS-CoV- 2 Life Cycle -- 1.6.2 Host Response to SARS-CoV- 2 Infection -- 1.6.2.1 SARS-CoV- 2 Induced Immune Response -- 1.6.3 Structural Information of Human Proteins in COVID-19 -- 1.7 Structure-based Approaches for Drug Repurposing Using Human Proteins.
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1.7.1 Docking Studies in Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 -- 1.7.1.1 Targeting the ACE-2 Receptor -- 1.7.1.2 Targeting ACE-2 and Spike Receptor -- 1.7.1.3 Targeting ACE-2 and Spike Receptor in Addition to Network-based Associations -- 1.7.2 Docking Studies in Transmembrane Protease, Serine 2 (TMPRSS2) -- 1.7.3 Docking Studies in Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) -- 1.7.4 Docking Studies in Furin -- 1.7.5 Docking Studies in ARDS Targets -- 1.7.5.1 TNF-α -- 1.8 Summary of Hits from Reviewed Literature -- 1.9 Concluding Remarks -- 1.10 Executive Summary -- Author Contributions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2 - Vaccination and Vaccines for COVID-19 -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Vaccination in the Context of a Pandemic Outbreak -- 2.3 COVID-19 -- 2.3.1 Specific Strategies for COVID-19 -- 2.3.1.1 DNA Vaccines -- 2.3.1.2 mRNA Vaccines -- 2.3.1.3 Attenuated Vaccines -- 2.4 Mental Health Aspects of Immunization and Vaccination -- 2.5 Vaccines for COVID-19 -- 2.5.1 SARS-CoV-2 -- 2.5.2 Immune Response to SARS-CoV- 2 and Previous Coronavirus Infections -- 2.5.3 Platforms for COVID-19 Vaccine Development -- 2.5.3.1 DNA-based Vaccines -- 2.5.3.1.1 Inovio.Inovio Pharmaceuticals is an American company based in Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA, that specializes in manufactu... -- 2.5.3.2 RNA-based Vaccines -- 2.5.3.2.1 Moderna/NIAID. Moderna is an American company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, that has developed an mRNA -based vaccine, mRNA -1273. The mRNA vaccine -- 2.5.3.2.2 BioNTech/Fosun/Pfizer.BioNTech, a German company, together with Pfizer, an American company, have developed another mRNA- based ... -- 2.5.3.3 Non-replicating Viral Vector Vaccines -- 2.5.3.3.1 AstraZeneca/University of Oxford. The University of Oxford has formed a partnership with the -- 2.5.3.4 Inactivated Vaccines.
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2.5.3.4.1 Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/Beijing Institute of Biological Products.The above institutions and the pharmaceutical co... -- 2.5.3.4.2 Indian Vaccine Development.There are several institutions including academic/research and vaccine manufacturing companies in Ind... -- 2.5.3.5 Challenges in COVID-19 Vaccine Development -- 2.6 Executive Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 - Understanding the Emergence of SARS-CoV- 2 Viral Variants From a Genomic Perspective -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 A History of Pandemics -- 3.3 Origin and Classification of SARS-CoV-2 -- 3.4 Genomic Architecture of SARS-CoV- 2 -- 3.4.1 Overview -- 3.4.2 Structural Proteins -- 3.4.3 Non-structural Proteins -- 3.5 The Emergence of SARS-CoV- 2 Variants -- 3.6 Antigenic Variations and Immune Escape Mutations -- 3.7 Leading Vaccines Across the Globe -- 3.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 - Susceptibility and Spread of SARS-CoV- 2 in Animals -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Wild Animals -- 4.3 Laboratory Animals -- 4.4 Companion Animals -- 4.5 Farmed Animals -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 - Profiling Some Plant-based Immunomodulatory Bioactive Compounds for COVID-19 Prophylaxis and Treatment Based on Indian Traditional Medicine -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Prevention of SARS-CoV- 19 Infection: Stage 1 -- 5.3 Incubation to Non-severe Symptomatic Phase - Stage 2 -- 5.4 Severe Respiratory Symptomatic Phase with Hyperinflammation - Stage 3 -- 5.5 Multi-organ Response to COVID-19 Infection - Stage 4 -- 5.6 Summary and Outlook -- 5.7 Executive Summary -- List of Abbreviations -- Authors' Contributions -- Declaration of Competing Interest -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 6 - The Potential Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products, Herbs, and Mushrooms Against COVID-19 -- 6.1 Origins and Pathogenesis of COVID-19.
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6.2 The Immune Profile in COVID-19Infection -- 6.3 Natural Marine Compounds as Potent Inhibitors Against SARS-CoV- 2 -- 6.4 Potential Use of Mushrooms and Herbs Against COVID-19 Infection -- 6.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 - Application of Chinese Herbal Medicine in COVID-19 -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Representative Prescriptions -- 7.2.1 Qingfei Paidu Decoction (QFPDD, 清 排毒汤) -- 7.2.2 Huashi Baidu Formula (HSBDF, 化湿 毒方) -- 7.2.3 XuanFei Baidu Formula (XFBDF, 宣 毒方) -- 7.3 Finished Patent Medicines -- 7.3.1 Lianhua Qingwen Capsules (LH-C, 清瘟 囊) -- 7.3.2 Jinhua Qingan Granules (JH-G, 清感 粒) -- 7.3.3 Xuebijing Injection (XBJ, 必净注射液) -- 7.4 Other Chinese Herbs -- 7.4.1 Ephedra Herba (Ma Huang, ) -- 7.4.2 Honeysuckle (Jin Yin Hua, ) -- 7.4.3 Scutellariae (Huang Qin, ) -- 7.4.4 Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gan Cao, 甘 ) -- 7.4.5 Armeniacae Semen (Ku Xing Ren, 杏仁) -- 7.4.6 Sophorae flavescentis Radix (Ku Shen, 参) -- 7.4.7 Curcuma longa (Jiang Huang, 姜 ) -- 7.5 Conclusion -- List of Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 8 - COVID-19 Interventional and Therapeutic Clinical Trials: Small Molecules, Interactions, Outcomes and Opportunities -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Removal-of- treatment Preventative Clinical Trials -- 8.2.1 Trial Aims -- 8.2.2 Trial Populations -- 8.2.3 Potential Therapeutics -- 8.2.4 Trial Designs -- 8.2.5 Primary Outcomes -- 8.2.6 Secondary Outcomes -- 8.2.7 Toxicities -- 8.2.8 Opportunities -- 8.3 Addition-of- treatment Preventative and/or Curative Trials -- 8.3.1 Trial Aims -- 8.3.2 Trial Populations -- 8.3.3 Potential Therapeutics -- 8.3.4 Trial Designs -- 8.3.5 Primary Outcomes -- 8.3.6 Secondary Outcomes -- 8.3.7 Toxicity -- 8.3.7.1 Population-specific Toxicity -- 8.3.7.2 Interactions -- 8.3.8 Opportunities -- 8.4 Supportive Clinical Trials -- 8.4.1 Trial Aims -- 8.4.2 Trial Populations -- 8.4.3 Potential Therapeutics.
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8.4.4 Trial Designs.
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