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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Semiconductors -- Defects -- Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (518 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080983646
    Series Statement: Issn Series ; v.Volume 9
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Defects in Silicon -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Status and future of silicon crystal growth -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Growth techniques for silicon crystals -- 3. CZ silicon growth -- 4. FZ silicon growth -- 5. Segregation of impurities -- 6. Melt flows -- 7. Impurity striations -- 8. Macroscopic impurity distribution -- 9. Altering the melt flows -- 10. Future aspects -- References -- Chapter 2. Microscopic aspects of oxygen precipitation in silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Current status -- 3. Thermodynamic and kinetic model [7] -- 4. Applications of the preceding model -- Chapter 3. Hydrogen in silicon: state, reactivity and evolution after ion implantation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Passivation of interface traps -- 3. Passivation of group III acceptors -- 4. High fluence hydrogen implantation -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4. Pairing of acceptors with interstitial donors in silicon and germanium -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3.Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5. Hydrogen passivation and thermal reactivation of zinc double acceptors in silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Zinc-related levels -- 4. Thermal stability -- 5. Hydrogen passivation -- 6. Reactivation -- 7. Summary -- References -- Capter 6. A Hydrogen-Carbo n Relate d Deep Donor in Crystalline n-Si:C -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sample preparation and characterization -- 3. DLTS measurements -- 4. The dissociation behavior of the hydrogen-carbon related defect -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 7. Radiative recombination channels due to hydrogen in crystalline silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3 . Experimental data -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References. , Chapter 8. Defects created by hydrogen implantation into silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9. Hydrogenation of shallow and deep levels in silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experiment -- 3 . Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10. Hydrogen-related vibrations in crystalline silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Calculation method -- 3. Calculation results -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11. Transition metals in silicon and their gettering behaviour -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The properties of transition metals in silicon -- 3. Gettering of transition metals -- References -- Chapter 12. Donor formation in silicon owing to ion implantation of the rare earth metal erbium -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sample preparation -- 3 .Capacitance-voltage measurements -- 4. DLTS measurements -- 5. Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13. 1.54 μm photoluminescence of erbium-implanted silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14. Fast-diffusing defects induced by copper in silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Chemomechanically polished samples -- 4. Copper-diffused samples -- 5. Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15. Quenched-in, fast-diffusing defects in silicon studied by the perturbed angular correlation method -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experiment -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 16. Recent developments in ion implantation in silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pre-amorphized and annealed layers -- 3. Ion beam synthesis -- References -- Chapter 17. A study of carbon-implanted silicon for light-emittin g diode fabrication -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details. , 3. Depth distribution and damage -- 4. Substitutionality and precipitation -- 5. Strain compensation: isovalent solid solutions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 18. Role of point defects in the transient diffusion and clustering of implanted boron in silicon -- 1. Interactions between boron atoms and poin tdefects -- 2. Application to transient annealing -- 3. A test of alternative models: spatial vs.concentration dependence -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 19. The effect of phosphorus background concentration on the diffusion of tin , arsenic and antimony in silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results and discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 20. Heavy metal contamination during integrated-circuit processing : measurements of contamination level and internal gettering efficiency by surface photovoltage -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Surface photovoltage measurements -- 3.Effect of heavy metals on generation andelectric activity of crystallographic defects -- 4. Effect of heavy metal contamination oncircuit yield -- 5. Efficiency of internal gettering -- 6. Sources of heavy metals -- 7. Conclusion and summary -- References -- Chapter 21. Electronic behaviour of decorated stacking faults in silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Photoluminescence measurements -- 4. DLTS results -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 22. Activation and gettering of intrinsic metallic impurities during rapid thermal processing -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental procedure -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 23. Gold diffusion in silicon: enhanced substitutional gold formation by rhodium doping -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results and interpretation. , 4. Discussion and conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 24. Effect of deformation-induced defects on the Fermi level position at recombination centers in n-Si -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sample preparation -- 3. Experimental details and results -- 4. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 25. Precipitation at grain boundaries in silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Electrical properties -- 4. TEM observations -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 26. Effects of deuterium plasma treatments on the electrical properties of boron-doped silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental procedure -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 27. Modelling of recombination activity and passivation by hydrogen of dislocations in silicon wafers -- 1. Introduction and model -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 28. Formation of buried CoSi 2 layers by ion implantation, studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 29. Hall effect spectroscopy of thermal donors in silicon films synthesized by oxygen implantation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experiment -- 3. Interpretation and discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 30. Perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy of acceptor-donor pairs in silicon, germanium and GaAs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 31. Optical absorption by platinum in crystallin silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. General appearance of the triplet -- 4. Uniaxial stress data -- 5. Discussion -- Acknowledgments. , References -- Chapter 32. Surface characterization of high-dose Sb + implanted rapid thermal annealed monocrystalline silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental techniques -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion and synopsis -- References -- Chapter 33. Chromium diffusivity in boron-doped silicon: reassessmen to f the activation energy from low tempera ture measurements -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cr- B pairing reaction -- 3. Experimental details -- 4. Results -- 5. Discussion and conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 34. Regrowth of indium-implanted (100), (110 ) and (111) silicon crystals studied with Rutherford backscattering and perturbed angular correlation techniques -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3 . Results -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 35. Substrate-damage-free laser recrystallization of polycrystalline silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Upper layer -- 3. Substrate damage -- 4. Results -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 36. A photoluminescence study of zinc-implanted silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 37. Kinetics of silicon amorphization by N + implantation: dose rate and substrate temperature effects -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results and discussion -- References -- Chapter 38. Defects and solidification front morphologies in lamp zone-melting-recrystallized silicon-on-insulator films -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Solidification fronts -- 4. Defects -- 5. Preheating variation -- 6. Discussion -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 39. Strain compensation effects on the annealing of Ge +-B +-implanted silicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results. , 4. Conclusions.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 689-694 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A direct proof of neutron transmutation doping (NTD) of GaP is presented on the basis of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). GaP:S samples grown by the liquid- encapsulated Czochralski method were irradiated with thermal neutrons and subsequently annealed at 800 °C. In the ODMR experiments the transmuted Ge substitutional on Ga sites was detected. The NTD process was also found to create deep acceptors; these are tentatively identified as associates of gallium vacancies (VGa) and germanium donors on gallium sites (GeGa). Such identification requires that some of the structural defects (vacancies) created by β and γ recoil during transmutation are stabilized by forming VGa- GeGa complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 1797-1801 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In silver-doped silicon, several new electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were observed. Three of these, labeled Si-NL45, Si-NL46, and Si-NL47, were detected in n-type samples. The spectra have trigonal symmetry; the effective electron spin value S equals 1/2. The spectra Si-NL45 and Si-NL46, with the perpendicular g values close to 6 and 8, can alternatively be described by electron spins S=5/2 and S=7/2, respectively, and g values close to 2. The Si-NL47 center has both principal g values significantly deviating from 2. They can be accounted for by taking crystal-field splitting and spin-orbit coupling into consideration. On the basis of the correlation of the production of these centers with the Si-NL44 center and the analysis with high values of electron spin, all these centers are tentatively identified as silver-related complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 1443-1455 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoluminescence measurements have been made on float-zone and Czochralski-grown silicon samples which were doped with erbium by ion implantation. The characteristic luminescence spectra in the wavelength range between 1.5 and 1.6 μm were observed. Differences in the multiple line structure of the spectra indicated that the active luminescent centers have different symmetries and atomic structure. The dependence of the photoluminescence intensity on the laser excitation power and on the temperature was measured. Results are discussed on the basis of a physical model which includes the formation of free excitons, the binding of excitons to erbium ions, the excitation of 4f inner-shell electrons of the erbium ions, and their subsequent decay by light emission. To obtain a quantitative agreement between model analysis and experimental data the consideration of Auger processes by which erbium-bound excitons and erbium ions in excited state can decay by dissipating energy to conduction band electrons appears to be required. From the temperature dependence two activation energies are derived which are associated with the exciton binding energies and with an energy transfer process from excited erbium ions back to erbium-bound excitons, respectively. A good quantitative agreement can be obtained for suitable values of the model parameters. The luminescent properties of the samples of the different types of crystalline silicon are remarkably similar. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 1523-1530 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An experimental study concerning the excitation mechanism of the Yb impurity in n- and p-type InP crystals was performed by the method of optically detected microwave-induced impact ionization. Based on the results it is argued that the Yb3+ core excitation is intermediated by a nonradiative recombination of a bound exciton. A fingerprint of the existence of such an excitonic state is given. Also, the nonradiative decay channel is discussed and shown to involve an Auger process with the energy transfer to a locally bound electron. Experimental evidence is presented that by the impact ionization of the bound electron the nonradiative recombination channel may be removed, leading to an increase of the characteristic Yb3+ luminescence. An unprecedented microwave-induced 5% increase of the Yb3+ intrashell emission has been recorded. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 2237-2239 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optically detected microwave-induced impact ionization of excitons and shallow donors is studied in Yb-doped InP grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The experimental results directly confirm that Yb3+ intrashell emission is induced by nonradiative recombination of Yb bound excitons due to an impurity Auger effect. Yb3+ ions in InP are found to bind excitons with the electron being localized first, followed by subsequent hole capture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 4404-4405 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Donor formation in heat-treated phosphorus-doped Czochralski-grown silicon has been studied by electron paramagnetic resonance and resistivity measurements. Both "thermal-donor-'' and "new-donor''-formation temperature regions (470 and 650 °C, respectively) have been investigated. The results allow one to identify the spectra in both regions as arising from the Si-NL10 defect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 3279-3281 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Microwave-induced impact ionization of excitons and shallow donors is studied in Er- and Yb-doped InP. The experimental results indicate a high efficiency of free-electron-related Auger recombination. Yb and Er intrashell emissions are deactivated due to an energy transfer to either free or bound carriers. A new Auger-type nonradiative process is suggested in which the rare-earth-related photoluminescence decays via an energy transfer to a free carrier which has become localized via a short-range potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 5742-5749 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The construction of a state-of-the-art electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer for application to the studies of defects in semiconductors is described. The spectrometer is of superheterodyne type with low-frequency modulation of the magnetic field and working in dispersion. The use of a microwave synthesizer and a low-noise GaAs field-effect transistor amplifier results in ultrahigh sensitivity of the spectrometer which is experimentally shown to be 3×108 centers cm−3 with the test measurement being performed at 4.2 K for the easily saturable typical shallow donor center phosphorus in silicon. It is shown that this high sensitivity can be attributed to the use of the microwave synthesizer. The sensitivity of the spectrometer is improved by a factor 30 when a microwave synthesizer is used as microwave source instead of a quartz crystal stabilized klystron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1063-7826
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The intensity of the photoluminescence of erbium in silicon is analyzed by a model which takes into account the formation of free excitons, the binding of excitons to erbium ions, the excitation of inner-shell 4f electrons of erbium ions and their subsequent decay by light emission. Predictions of this model for the dependence of luminescence intensity on laser excitation power are compared with experimental observations. The results for float-zone and Czochralski-grown silicon, in which erbium is introduced by implantation with or without oxygen co-implantation, are remarkably similar. To obtain agreement between model analysis and experimental data it is necessary to include in the model terms describing energy dissipation by an Auger process of both the erbium-bound excitons and the erbium ions in excited state with free electrons in the conduction band. A good quantitative agreement is achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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