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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of requirement values for essential amino acids in the prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate) (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The requirements of juvenile prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate), 0.79 g initial body weight, for essential amino acids (EAA) were evaluated based on the daily increase of each EAA in the whole body when the prawn was maintained on a diet with a high nutritive value (a casein-squid protein-based diet). The quantities of each EAA needed daily for growth and maintenance of prawn are conceived to correspond to the daily requirements of this prawn species for EAA. Therefore, these requirement values of respective EAA should be supplied from dietary proteins. To determine these values, protein and amino acids of the whole body of the prawn were quantified before and after feeding experiments, and the quantities of respective EAA needed to meet the requirements were estimated based on the EAA profile of the whole body protein of prawn. As a result, the contents of EAA in dietary proteins (%) needed to meet the requirements of the prawn for EAA were assessed to be: threonine (2.3), methionine (1.3), valine (2.4), isoleucine (2.3), leucine (3.4), phenylalanine (2.6), lysine (3.2), histidine (1.1), arginine (2.9) and tryptophan (0.6), respectively, when the prawn are fed 50% protein diet with 90% protein digestibility at a ration size of 2% (% of body weight).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00684.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on growth and digestive enzyme activities of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel) (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Aquaculture research 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Three experiments were conducted to elucidate the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel) juveniles and larvae. In experiment 1 (growth study), duplicate groups of juveniles of about 7 g initial body weight were fed a UDCA diet (containing 0.025% UDCA) and a control diet (without UDCA) to apparent satiation twice a day for 6 weeks at 18–21 °C. In experiment 2 (enzyme study), triplicate groups of juveniles (7 g) were also fed the UDCA and control diets for 6 weeks under similar feeding and water management conditions to those for the growth study, digestive organs were collected every 2 weeks and their enzyme (α-amylase, lipase and protease) activities were assayed. In experiment 3, duplicate groups of 48-day-old larvae were fed two test microdiets (UDCA and control diets) for 30 min and assayed for enzyme activities 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after a single feeding in the morning. The weight gain and feed conversion efficiency of the juveniles fed the UDCA diet in the growth study did not show any significant difference compared to juveniles fed the control diet. Total lipids, neutral lipids and triglycerides of the whole body and apparent body retention (%) of dietary lipids were notably higher (P 〈 0.05) in the UDCA group than the control. In the juveniles fed the UDCA diet, the activities of α-amylase and protease did not increase with holding time compared to the control diet. Lipase activity of the juveniles fed the UDCA diet was significantly higher than those fed the control diet. By contrast, the activities of α-amylase, lipase and protease of the larvae at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after final feeding did not show any difference between the dietary groups. These results suggest that UDCA may have an important role in lipid assimilation by increasing enzyme activity of the juvenile Japanese flounder, but there are few effects on growth performance of the juveniles and digestive enzyme activities of the larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1355-557x.2001.00020.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of four different populations of the Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) (2004)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Journal of applied ichthyology 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The level of genetic variation provides the raw material for selective improvement of a stock. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was used to assess the genetic variation in three rivers: the Halda, the Jamuna and the Padma as well as in one hatchery population of the commercially important Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. RAPD markers were amplified from DNA samples of 35 fish from each of the four populations using six decamer random primers. The polymorphic loci proportions were 0.33, 0.28, 0.28 and 0.26 and Nei's gene diversity values were 0.06, 0.07, 0.06 and 0.05 for the Halda, the Jamuna, the Padma and the hatchery populations, respectively. The pairwise population differentiation (FST) values indicated a low level of genetic differentiation between the population pairs. From the unweighted pair group method of arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on Nei's genetic distances a correlation between genetic affinities and geographical area was found. The populations were segregated into two groups: the Halda in one group and the Jamuna, the Padma and the hatchery in another group. Overall, the RAPD technique can be introduced as a tool in the population genetics of the rohu fish to provide information on their genetic stock structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2004.00588.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implications of physico-chemical factors on the migration of phthalate esters from tubing commonly used for oral/nasal feeding (1992)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 48 (1992), S. 572-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199076
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age and sex related behavioral changes induced by dibutyltin-dilaurate in rats (1993)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 50 (1993), S. 286-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191735
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of di-butyltin dilaurate on brain neurotransmitter systems and behavior in rats (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 61 (1988), S. 373-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Dibutyltin dilaurate ; Neurotransmitters ; Brainareas ; Behavior ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Exposure to DBTL (20, 40 or 80 mg/kg body weight) caused a decrease in levels of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) at all treatment levels. Hypothalamus and frontal cortex appeared to be most affected, since levels of all the three amines examined showed changes in these areas. Maximum decrease of DA was found in corpus striatum, NA in pons medulla and of 5-HT in frontal cortex. These animals also showed a decrease in spontaneous locomotor activity and learning at all the doses. The data indicates involvement of hypothalamus and frontal cortical regions of the brain in the neurotoxicity of DBTL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334618
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  • 7
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    XMM-Newton view of a hard X-ray transient IGR J17497-2821 (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-21
    Description: We present spectral and energy-dependent timing characteristics of the hard X-ray transient IGR J17497–2821 based on XMM–Newton observations performed five and nine days after its outburst on 2006 September 17. We find that the source spectra can be well described by a hard ( ~ 1.50) power law and a weak multicolour disc blackbody with inner disc temperature kT in  ~ 0.2 keV. A broad iron Kα line with FWHM ~ 27 000 km s –1 , consistent with that arising from an accretion disc truncated at large radius, was also detected. The power density spectra of IGR J17497–2821, derived from the high-resolution (30 μs) timing-mode XMM–Newton observations, are characterized by broad-band noise components that are well modelled by three Lorentzians. The shallow power-law slope, low disc luminosity and the shape of the broad-band power density spectrum indicate that the source was in the hard state. The rms variability in the softer energy bands (0.3–2 keV) found to be ~1.3 times that in 2–5 and 5–10 keV energy bands. We also present the energy-dependent timing analysis of the RXTE /PCA data, where we find that at higher energies, the rms variability increases with energy.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Bangladesh (2014 Update) [Letters] (2016)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-21
    Print ISSN: 0066-4804
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-6596
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 9
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    A Blood-based Index of Cerebral Inflammation [Molecular Bases of Disease] (2014)
    The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-22
    Description: Early diagnosis of neurological disorders would greatly improve their management and treatment. A major hurdle is that inflammatory products of cerebral disease are not easily detected in blood. Inflammation in multiple organs and heterogeneity in disease present additional challenges in distinguishing the extent to which a blood-based marker reflects disease in brain or other afflicted organs. Murine models of the monogenetic disorder Niemann-Pick Type C present aggressive forms of cerebral and liver inflammatory disease. Microarray analyses previously revealed age-dependent changes in innate immunity transcripts in the mouse brain. We have now validated four putative secretory inflammatory markers that are also elevated in mouse liver. We include limited, first time analysis of human Niemann-Pick Type C liver and cerebellum. Furthermore, we utilized 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD, an emerging therapeutic) administered intraperitoneally in mice, which abrogates inflammatory pathology in the liver but has limited effect on the brain. By analyzing the corresponding effects on inflammatory plasma proteins, we identified cathepsin S as a lead indicator of liver disease. In contrast, lysozyme was a marker of both brain and liver disease. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin had no effect on transcripts of neuron-specific 24-hydroxylase, and its product 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol was not a useful indicator in mouse plasma. Our data suggest that dual analysis of levels of the inflammatory markers lysozyme and cathepsin S may enable detection of multiple distinct states of neurodegeneration in plasma.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9258
    Electronic ISSN: 1083-351X
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
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  • 10
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    HIV DNA-Adenovirus Multiclade Envelope Vaccine Induces gp41 Antibody Immunodominance in Rhesus Macaques [Vaccines and Antiviral Agents] (2017)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-14
    Description: Dominant antibody responses in vaccinees who received the HIV-1 multiclade (A, B, and C) envelope (Env) DNA/recombinant adenovirus virus type 5 (rAd5) vaccine studied in HIV-1 Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) efficacy trial 505 (HVTN 505) targeted Env gp41 and cross-reacted with microbial antigens. In this study, we asked if the DNA/rAd5 vaccine induced a similar antibody response in rhesus macaques (RMs), which are commonly used as an animal model for human HIV-1 infections and for testing candidate HIV-1 vaccines. We also asked if gp41 immunodominance could be avoided by immunization of neonatal RMs during the early stages of microbial colonization. We found that the DNA/rAd5 vaccine elicited a higher frequency of gp41-reactive memory B cells than gp120-memory B cells in adult and neonatal RMs. Analysis of the vaccine-induced Env-reactive B cell repertoire revealed that the majority of HIV-1 Env-reactive antibodies in both adult and neonatal RMs were targeted to gp41. Interestingly, a subset of gp41-reactive antibodies isolated from RMs cross-reacted with host antigens, including autologous intestinal microbiota. Thus, gp41-containing DNA/rAd5 vaccine induced dominant gp41-microbiota cross-reactive antibodies derived from blood memory B cells in RMs as observed in the HVTN 505 vaccine efficacy trial. These data demonstrated that RMs can be used to investigate gp41 immunodominance in candidate HIV-1 vaccines. Moreover, colonization of neonatal RMs occurred within the first week of life, and immunization of neonatal RMs during this time also induced a dominant gp41-reactive antibody response. IMPORTANCE Our results are critical to current work in the HIV-1 vaccine field evaluating the phenomenon of gp41 immunodominance induced by HIV-1 Env gp140 in RMs and humans. Our data demonstrate that RMs are an appropriate animal model to study this phenomenon and to determine the immunogenicity in new HIV-1 Env trimer vaccine designs. The demonstration of gp41 immunodominance in memory B cells of both adult and neonatal RMs indicated that early vaccination could not overcome gp41 dominant responses.
    Print ISSN: 0022-538X
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5514
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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