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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dental status of pregnant women attending a Brisbane maternity hospital (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 12 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A sample of 314 consecutive women attending for their first antenatal visit at a public hospital were examined according to the WHO survey procedure. The women's age ranged from 16 to 42 yr with a mean of 23.5 yr. Only 3% were edentulous in both jaws, but 13% had some form of denture. A quarter had pocketing in at least one sextant and only 16% were free of gingivitis. The average number of DMF teeth was 15.8, comprising 2.7 decayed, 4.5 missing and 8.6 filled teeth; 70% had teeth needing restoration and 10% had at least one tooth needing extraction. There were significant relationships between DMF score and age (positive) and between number of teeth needing restoration and age, educational level, and the woman's own perception of her dental health (all inverse). Some form of dental attention was needed by 86% of the women; 12% had conditions needing immediate attention. By comparison with a 1971 study of pregnant women in Brisbane, there has been a marked decline in DMFT score (from 19.1 to 15.8).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01479.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental gingivitis in humans (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 18 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cell types in a human experimental gingivitis model were analyzed sequentially on days 0, 4, 8, and 21 of a no oral hygiene period. The cells were characterized using enzyme and surface antigen markers. In all but two of the day 0 specimens a small inflammatory infiltrate was localized immediately beneath the junctional epithelium. These, essentially lymphocytic lesions, consisted of over 70% T-cells as suggested by the phenotype T-enzyme +ve/T-cell surface antigen +ve/B-cell surface antigen −ve/HLA-DR −ve/B-cell subset antigen −ve. At days 4, 8, and 21, although the size of the infiltrate increased, its essential nature did not change. At all times the majority of lymphocytes (over 70%) had the characteristic T-cell phenotype. These results show that in the developing gingival lesion in humans a T-cell dominated lesion occurs and persists at least for the 3 week experimental period used in the present study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1983.tb00373.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the p16 gene ( CDKN2 ) as a candidate for the chromosome 9p melanoma susceptibility locus (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 8 (1994), S. 22-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] A locus for familial melanoma, MLM, has been mapped within the same interval on chromosome 9p21 as the gene for a putative cell cycle regulator, p16INK4 (CDKN2) MTS1. This gene is homozygously deleted from many tumour cell lines including melanomas, suggesting that CDKN2 is a good candidate for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0994-22
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A radiographic study of chronic periodontitis in 15 year old Queensland children (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 10 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A retrospective study was carried out to determine the frequency of early periodontal bone loss in 15 year olds as seen in bite-wing radiographs. A total of 468 radiographs of 15 year olds was examined, 246 from 1970–74 and 222 from 1978–80. The alveolar bone crest on the mesial and distal of the first permanent molar teeth was examined for radiographic evidence of early chronic periodontitis. The condition of the adjacent proximal tooth surfaces was also recorded. No significant difference was found between the two groups; 39% of the 1978–80 and 43% of the 1970–74 group showed radiographic evidence of early chronic periodontitis (p〈0.05). Males and females showed a similar frequency of periodontal disease levels. The mesial interproximal space of the first molars had significantly higher frequencies of radiographic evidence of chronic periodontitis than the distal interproximal spaces in the two groups examined. Fewer proximal restorations with overhangs were noted in the 1978–80 group, however more proximal subgingival calculus was found in this group than the 1970–74 group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1983.tb01265.x
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  • 5
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    Estimating the change in life expectancy after a diagnosis of cancer among the Australian population (2015)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-15
    Description: Objectives Communication of relevant prognostic information is critical in helping patients understand the implications of their cancer diagnosis. We describe measures of prognosis to help communicate relevant prognostic information to improve patients’ understanding of the implications of their cancer diagnosis. Setting Australia-wide population-based cancer registry cohort. Participants 870 878 patients aged 15–89 years diagnosed with invasive cancer between 1990 and 2007, with mortality follow-up information to December 2010. Primary and secondary outcome measures Flexible parametric models were used to estimate loss of life expectancy (LOLE), remaining life expectancy (RLE) and 10-year cumulative probability of cancer-specific death (1-relative survival). Results On average, Australians diagnosed with cancer at age 40 years faced losing an average of 11.2 years of life (95% CI 11.1 to 11.4) due to their cancer, while those diagnosed at 80 years faced losing less, an average of 3.9 years (3.9 to 4.0) because of higher competing mortality risks. In contrast, younger people had lower estimated cumulative probabilities of cancer-specific death within 10 years (40 years: 21.5%, 21.4% to 22.1%) compared with older people (80 years: 55.4%, 55.0% to 55.9%). The patterns for individual cancers varied widely, both by cancer type and by age within cancer type. Conclusions The LOLE and RLE measures provide complementary messages to standard relative survival estimates (expressed here in terms of cumulative probability of cancer-specific death). Importantly, relative survival per se underplays the greater absolute impact that a cancer diagnosis has at a younger age on LOLE. When presented in isolation for all cancers, it may provide a misleading impression of future mortality burden of cancer overall, and furthermore, it will obscure patterns of mortality by type and by age data within type. Alternative measures of LOLE, therefore, provide important communication about mortality risk to patients with cancer worldwide and should be incorporated into standard reporting and dissemination strategies.
    Keywords: Open access, Communication, Epidemiology, Oncology, Research methods
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 6
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    Identification of a melanoma susceptibility locus and somatic mutation in TET2 (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-28
    Description: Although genetic studies have reported a number of loci associated with melanoma risk, the complex genetic architecture of the disease is not yet fully understood. We sought to identify common genetic variants associated with melanoma risk in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 2298 cases and 6654 controls. Thirteen of 15 known loci were replicated with nominal significance. A total of 69 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for in silico replication in two independent melanoma GWAS datasets (a total of 5149 cases and 12 795 controls). Seven novel loci were nominally significantly associated with melanoma risk. These seven SNPs were further genotyped in 234 melanoma cases and 238 controls. The SNP rs4698934 was nominally significantly associated with melanoma risk. The combined odds ratio per T allele = 1.18; 95% confidence interval (1.10–1.25); combined P = 7.70 x 10 – 7 . This SNP is located in the intron of the TET2 gene on chromosome 4q24. In addition, a novel somatic mutation of TET2 was identified by next-generation sequencing in 1 of 22 sporadic melanoma cases. TET2 encodes a member of TET family enzymes that oxidizes 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). It is a putative epigenetic biomarker of melanoma as we previously reported, with observation of reduced TET2 transcriptional expression. This study is the first to implicate TET2 genetic variation and mutation in melanoma.
    Print ISSN: 0143-3334
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2180
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Variations in outcomes by residential location for women with breast cancer: a systematic review (2018)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-30
    Description: Objectives To systematically assess the evidence for variations in outcomes at each step along the breast cancer continuum of care for Australian women by residential location. Design Systematic review. Methods Systematic searches of peer-reviewed articles in English published from 1 January 1990 to 24 November 2017 using PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Informit databases. Inclusion criteria were: population was adult female patients with breast cancer; Australian setting; outcome measure was survival, patient or tumour characteristics, screening rates or frequencies, clinical management, patterns of initial care or post-treatment follow-up with analysis by residential location or studies involving non-metropolitan women only. Included studies were critically appraised using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results Seventy-four quantitative studies met the inclusion criteria. Around 59% were considered high quality, 34% moderate and 7% low. No eligible studies examining treatment choices or post-treatment follow-up were identified. Non-metropolitan women consistently had poorer survival, with most of this differential being attributed to more advanced disease at diagnosis, treatment-related factors and socioeconomic disadvantage. Compared with metropolitan women, non-metropolitan women were more likely to live in disadvantaged areas and had differing clinical management and patterns of care. However, findings regarding geographical variations in tumour characteristics or diagnostic outcomes were inconsistent. Conclusions A general pattern of poorer survival and variations in clinical management for Australian female patients with breast cancer from non-metropolitan areas was evident. However, the wide variability in data sources, measures, study quality, time periods and geographical classification made direct comparisons across studies challenging. The review highlighted the need to promote standardisation of geographical classifications and increased comparability of data systems. It also identified key gaps in the existing literature including a lack of studies on advanced breast cancer, geographical variations in treatment choices from the perspective of patients and post-treatment follow-up.
    Keywords: Open access, Epidemiology, Epidemiology
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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