Note: Intro -- Part IIntroduction -- 1 ICT for Sustainability: An Emerging Research Field -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…What Is Sustainability? -- 2.1 Basic Definitions -- 2.2 Classification of Resources and the Question of Substitutability -- 2.3 Is Sustainability a Question of Balance? -- 2.4 Decoupling and Dematerialization -- 2.5 Distributive Justice -- 3…Related Research Fields -- 3.1 Cybernetics as a Precursor -- 3.2 Environmental Informatics -- 3.3 Computational Sustainability -- 3.4 Sustainable HCI -- 3.5 Green IT and Green ICT -- 3.6 ICT for Sustainability -- 3.7 Further Related Fields -- 3.8 ICT4S and Ethics -- 4…Toward a Conceptual Framework for ICT Impacts on Sustainability -- 4.1 The Three-Levels Model -- 4.2 The LES Model -- 5…Organization of This Book -- 2 The Energy Efficiency Benefits and the Economic Imperative of ICT-Enabled Systems -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Historical Impact of Energy Efficiency -- 3…Cost-Effective Potential for Exploiting the Energy Efficiency Resource -- 4…The ICT Contribution -- 5…Overcoming Barriers to Improving Energy Efficiency -- References -- 3 Actors for Innovation in Green IT -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Green IT -- 3…Actors Developing Innovation in Green IT -- 3.1 Standardization Bodies -- 3.2 Influential Groups -- 3.3 Universities/Academic Institutes -- 3.4 Companies -- 4…Actors Supporting Innovation for Green IT -- 4.1 Funding Agencies -- 4.2 Technology Transfer Offices -- 4.3 Business Angels -- 4.4 Governments -- 5…Links and Interactions -- 5.1 Link Between Universities -- 5.2 Link Between University and Company -- 5.3 Link Between Standardization Bodies and Influential Groups -- 5.4 Links Between TTOs and Universities -- 6…Models for Innovation -- 7…Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Part IIThe Energy Cost of InformationProcessing. , 4 The Energy Demand of ICT: A Historical Perspective and Current Methodological Challenges -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…The History of ICT Energy Demand and Its Measurement -- 2.1 Energy as a Key Topic Since the Early Beginnings of Computing -- 2.2 ICT Energy Demand as an Emerging Issue -- 2.3 Energy Efficiency Policy -- 2.4 Trends in ICT Energy Demand Since the 1990s -- 2.5 Energy Demand Throughout the Life Cycle of ICT Devices -- 2.6 The Influence of Software on the Hardware Life Cycle -- 3…Methodological Challenges -- 3.1 Defining ICT -- 3.2 Data Collection and Modelling Methodology -- 3.3 Quantifying the Effect of Software on ICT Energy Demand -- 4…Conclusions -- References -- 5 Semiconductor Technology and the Energy Efficiency of ICT -- Abstract -- 1…Why Has CMOS Become the Sole Technology for Information Processing? -- 2…Where Does CMOS Technology Stand Today? -- 3…What Are the Perspectives? -- 4…Conclusions -- References -- 6 The Energy Demand of Data Centers -- Abstract -- 1…A Short Introduction to Data Centers -- 2…Energy in the Data Center -- 2.1 Dynamic Power Consumption and Efficiency Factors -- 2.2 (Emergency) Power Supply -- 2.3 Hardware: Saving Potentials and Recent Developments -- 2.4 Software: Saving Potentials and Recent Developments -- 2.5 Hardware Life-Cycle -- 2.6 Energy Efficiency Rating -- 3…Renewable Energy and Energy Reuse -- 4…Conclusion -- References -- 7 Consolidation, Colocation, Virtualization, and Cloud Computing: The Impact of the Changing Structure of Data Centers on Total Electricity Demand -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Methodology -- 3…Typologies of Data Centers -- 4…Implications of Various Types of Data Center on Electricity Demand -- 4.1 Colocation Providers' Data Centers -- 4.2 Data Centers Operated by Cloud Computing and Hosting Providers. , 4.3 Data Centers Used by Companies Themselves (''Private Data Centers'') -- 4.4 Data Centers in Public Agencies and Other Public Institutions (''Public Data Centers'') -- 5…Development of Data Center Structure and Energy Demand: The Example of Germany -- 6…Summary, Discussion, and Outlook -- References -- 8 The Energy Intensity of the Internet: Home and Access Networks -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Definitions and System Boundaries -- 3…Existing Assessments and Methods Used -- 3.1 Top-Down Assessments -- 3.2 Bottom-Up Assessments -- 4…Factors Influencing the Results -- 5…Discussion -- 5.1 System Boundary -- 5.2 The Challenge of Defining the Energy Intensity of the Internet -- 5.3 The Energy Intensity of CPE and Access Networks -- 6…Conclusion -- References -- 9 The Energy Intensity of the Internet: Edge and Core Networks -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Background -- 2.1 The Structure of the Internet -- 3…Methodology -- 3.1 Bottom-Up Model -- 3.2 Parameterization -- 4…Results -- 4.1 Absolute Results -- 4.2 Sensitivity Analysis -- 5…Discussion -- 6…Example Footprint Calculation -- 7…Conclusion -- References -- 10 Grey Energy and Environmental Impacts of ICT Hardware -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Methods -- 3…LCA and ICT: A Short Historical Overview -- 4…LCA of ICT Hardware -- 4.1 End-User Devices -- 4.2 Internet (Services) and Data Centers -- 4.3 Comparison and Combination -- 5…Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- 11 Sustainable Software Engineering: Process and Quality Models, Life Cycle, and Social Aspects -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction and Motivation -- 2…What Is Sustainable Software Engineering? -- 3…Related Work -- 4…A Quality Model for Sustainable Software -- 5…Process Models of Sustainable Software Engineering -- 5.1 Process-Centric Software Sustainability -- 5.2 A Process Model for Agile and Sustainable Software Engineering. , 5.3 A Green Model for Sustainable Software Engineering -- 5.4 Comparison of the Process Models -- 6…Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Part IIIThe Material Cost of InformationProcessing -- 12 The Material Basis of ICT -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Upstream Issues -- 2.1 ICT Raw Material Rucksacks -- 3…Downstream Issues -- 3.1 Effects of Materials Recovery on Material Rucksacks and Resource Depletion -- 3.2 Scarce Metals Recovery -- 4…Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- 13 Recycling of ICT Equipment in Industrialized and Developing Countries -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…ICT Waste: Volumes and Composition -- 2.1 WEEE and ICT Waste -- 2.2 Volumes of ICT Waste -- 2.3 Composition of ICT Waste -- 3…Objectives, Challenges, and Approaches -- 3.1 Objectives and Challenges -- 3.2 Extended Producer Responsibility -- 4…Formal Recycling -- 4.1 Collection -- 4.2 Pre- and End-Processing -- 4.3 Health Hazards and Environmental Impacts -- 5…Informal Recycling -- 5.1 The Informal Sector -- 5.2 Collection -- 5.3 Re-use of Computers -- 5.4 Pre- and End-Processing -- 5.5 Health Hazards and Environmental Impacts -- 5.6 Socio-Economic Impacts -- 6…Trends and Outlook -- References -- 14 The Transition from Desktop Computers to Tablets: A Model for Increasing Resource Efficiency? -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Methodology -- 3…Results and Discussion -- 3.1 The Single Device Perspective -- 3.2 The Family Perspective -- 3.3 The Sales Perspective -- 4…Conclusion -- References -- 15 Addressing the Obsolescence of End-User Devices: Approaches from the Field of Sustainable HCI -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Sustainable HCI: Background -- 3…Design Considerations in Sustainable HCI Research Addressing Obsolescence -- 3.1 Values in Design -- 3.2 Re-use -- 3.3 Longevity -- 4…Conclusion -- References. , Part IVSaving Energy and Materials ThroughICT-Enabled Solutions -- 16 Software Support for Sustainable Supply Chain Configuration and Management -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…The Data Model for Cradle-to-Grave Sustainability Assessment -- 3…Efficient Design of Supply Chain Alternatives -- 3.1 Mathematical Model -- 3.2 Optimization Algorithm -- 4…Case Study: The EcoLogTex Project -- 4.1 From the Design of the Supply Chain to Exploration of the Results -- 5…Conclusions and Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 17 An Information System Supporting Cap and Trade in Organizations -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Organization-Internal Cap and Trade -- 3…An Information System Supporting Organization-Internal Cap and Trade -- 3.1 System Architecture and User Roles -- 3.2 Business Trip Examples -- 3.3 Parking Lot Example -- 4…Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- 18 Computational Modeling of Material Flow Networks -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Material Flow Networks as an Accounting System -- 3…Material Flow Networks as a Modeling Framework -- 4…Integration into a MFA Modeling Framework -- 5…Conclusions -- References -- 19 Toward the Next Generation of Corporate Environmental Management Information Systems: What is Still Missing? -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…IT-for-Green Project -- 3…CEMIS Status Quo: A Literature Review -- 4…IT Artifacts Developed in the IT-for-Green Project -- 5…Design Considerations of CEMIS 2.0 -- 6…Next-Generation CEMIS 2.0 Reference Architecture -- 7…Lessons Learned and Implications for Theory and Practice -- 8…Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 20 Smart Sustainable Cities: Definition and Challenges -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Five Developments -- 2.1 Globalization of Environmental Problems and Sustainable Development -- 2.2 Urbanization and Urban Growth. , 2.3 Sustainable Urban Development and Sustainable Cities.