Note: Intro -- PREFRONTAL CORTEX: DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES, EXECUTIVE AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS AND ROLE IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS -- PREFRONTAL CORTEX: DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES, EXECUTIVE AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS AND ROLE IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Developmental Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency and Prefrontal Cortex Pathology in Psychiatric Disorders -- Abstract -- Introduction -- LCn-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency and Psychiatric Disorders -- Role of DHA in PFC Development -- Clinical Neuroimaging Studies -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Addiction and Prefrontal Cortex -- Abstract -- I. Introduction -- II. Origin, Anatomy and Function of the Prefrontal Cortex -- Phylogeny -- Ontogeny -- Anatomy and Function -- III. Addiction -- IV. Conceptualization of Addictions -- Personality -- Rewarding Effect -- Drug Use as a Coping Strategy -- Biological Predisposition -- Brain Reward Circuitry -- V. The Somatic Marker Model -- The Somatic Marker Hypothesis -- Somatic States and Their Neural Substrates -- The Role of VMPFC in Decision-Making -- VI. Vetromedial Prefrontal Cortex, Addictive Behavior and Myopia for the Future -- Addiction and VMPFC: Scientific Evidences -- VII. Implications for the Treatment -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction and Neurocognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia: Targets of Opportunity -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Neuropathology of the PFC and Neurocognitive Deficits in SZ -- 3. Neural Substrates in the PFC: Potential -- Targets for Pro-Cognitive -- Pharmacologic Intervention -- 3.1. Dopamine (DA) -- Opportunities for Procognitive Interventions -- 3.2. Glutamate -- Opportunities for Pro-Cognitive Interventions -- 3.3. Acetylcholine (ACh). , Opportunities for Procognitive Interventions -- 3.4. Other Neurotransmitters -- 4. Laboratory Based Measures to Detect Pro-Cognitive Effects -- 4.1. MATRICS -- 4.2. CNTRICS -- 5. Cognitive Training -- 5.1. Computer-Assisted Cognitive Remediation (CACR) -- 5.2. Therapist Guided Paper/Pencil Task -- 5.3. Combined Computer Exercises and Therapist Guidance -- 5.4. Compensatory Cognitive Training (CCT) -- 5.5. Combination of the Above Strategies -- 6. Reasons for Sub-Optimal PFC Activity and Modest Treatment Response -- 6.1. Intrinsic Factors -- 6.2. Extrinsic Factors -- 7. Examples of Optimizing PFC Function -- 7.1. Example of Modifying Intrinsic Factors - Pharmacogenetics -- 7.2. Example of Modifying Extrinsic Factors -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: Cognitive Functioning and Prefrontal Cortex Damage in Children and Adolescents: Consequences, Rehabilitation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- TBI -- Definition and Classification -- Neurodevelopment -- Executive Functions -- Prefrontal Cortex -- TBI and Neurodevelopment -- TBI in Prefrontal Cortex -- Psychiatric Symptoms Related -- to TBI in Prefrontal Cortex -- Mood Disorders: Depression, Mania, Apathy and Emotional Lability -- Anxiety -- Substance Abuse, Gambling and Other Compulsive Behavior -- Psychosis -- Conduct Disorder and Aggressive Behavior -- TBI and Prognostic Predictors -- Neuroplasticity After TBI -- Recovery Strategies -- Neuropsychological Evaluation -- Cognitive Rehabilitation -- Family -- School -- Pharmacological Strategies -- Stimulants -- Nonstimulant Dopamine Enhancers (Antiparkinsonian Drugs) -- Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors -- Mood Stabilizers (Anticonvulsants) -- Antidepressants -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5: Developmental Relationship between Executive Function and the Prefrontal Cortex in Young Children -- Abstract. , Behavioral Evidence of EF in Young Children -- Neural Basis of EF in Young Children -- Longitudinal Research on the Development of Prefrontal Function in Young Children -- Task Demand and Prefrontal Activation -- EF in Children with Autism -- Conclusion and Further Direction -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Index.