Note: Front Cover -- Brain and Behaviour -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- PART 1: LEARNING IN ISOLATED NEURONAL STRUCTURES -- CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO LEARNING IN ISOLATED NEURONAL STRUCTURES (INTRACELLULAR MECHANISMS OF THE ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING) -- I. Electrical stimulation of the command neuron triggers a withdrawal response pattern -- II. The habituation of the withdrawal response evoked by intracellular depolarization depends on the extinction of the endogeneous pacemaker potentials -- III. The complex behavioral response pattern depends on the complex axonal branching of the command neuron -- IV. The receptive field of the withdrawal command neuron in the total surface of the skin and the internal organs,which are represented by central and peripheral synapses -- V. The command neuron's receptive field is composed of parallel independent channels with habituable synapses representing the foot and mantel and stable unhabituable synapses representing the pneumostoma area -- VI. The stimulation of the habituable locus of the receptive field in combination with the stimulation of the unhabituable area resulted in an associative learning analogue to classical conditioned reflex -- VII. The membrane of the completely isolated neuronal soma is Ach responsive. The combination of the Ach microjet with intracellular depolarization results in an associative learning -- VIII. Conclusion -- CHAPTER 2. PACEMAKER PLASTICITY IN ISOLATED NEURON -- METHOD -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3. POTENTIAL SITES FOR LEARNING IN THE GASTROPOD CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 4. AVERSIVE LEARNING IN COMMAND NEURONS -- Food-aversion learning -- Normal pattern of CN responses -- CNs responses after a conditioning procedure. , Pseudoconditioning and sensitization tests -- Neuronal interconnections underlying food-aversion learning -- Untitled -- CHAPTER 5. BEHAVIORAL AND CELLULAR STUDIES OF ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING IN APLYSIA -- CHAPTER 6. PLASTIC CHANGESIN ISOLATED NEURONS -- Introduction -- Methods and results -- Summary -- References -- CHAPTER 7. ASSOCIATIVE LEARNINGIN COMPLETELY ISOLATED NEURONS -- METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 8. CONCLUDING REMARKS ON LEARNING IN ISOLATED NEURONAL STRUCTURES -- The search for the engram -- Labelled line code -- Learning as modification of connections between feature detectors and command neurons -- PART 2: DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY OF CNS -- CHAPTER 9. INTRODUCTION TO DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITYOF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM -- CHAPTER 10. BARREL FORMATION AND CORTICAL FUNCTION AFTER CUTTING OR CRUSHING THE INFRAORBITAL NERVE IN RATS -- CHAPTER 11. MATURATION OF THE REM-SLEEP PATTERNS FROM CHILD- THROUGH ADULTHOOD -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIAL AND METHOD -- RESULTS -- REFERENCES -- PART 3: MECHANISMS OF CONDITIONING, LEARNING AND MEMORY -- CHAPTER 12. INTRODUCTION TO MECHANISMS OF CONDITIONING, LEARNING AND MEMORY(MECHANISM OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL TEMPORARY CONNECTIONS) -- CHAPTER 13. TWO-WAY CONNECTION AS A BASIC PRINCIPLE OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 14. ELEMENTARY LEARNING PHENOMENA IN FOOD SELECTION -- Delicate AN and robust CTA -- Indispensability of the short-term gustatory trace -- Peculiarities of CTA retrieval and extinction -- Electrical correlates of CTA retrieval -- Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 15. SPECIFIC AND NONSPECIFIC MANIFESTATIONS OF LEARNING IN THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 16. PHARMACOLOGICAL MODULATION OF FORMATIONOF LONG-TERM MEMORY -- I. Examples of Modulatory Effects -- 2. Catecholamines -- 3. Neuropeptides. , 4. Neurotransmitters -- References -- CHAPTER 17. ESCAPE AND AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING -- INTRODUCTION -- ESCAPE RESPONDING TO UNSIGNALLED PAIN -- SHORT- AMO LONG-LATENCY AVOIDANCE RESPONSES -- COMPLEXITY OF DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR AND EXTINCTION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 18. PHASIC AND TONIC DEFENSIVE CONDITIONED REACTIONS IN HUMAN TRANSSWITCHING -- References -- CHAPTER 19. CONCLUDING REMARKS ON MECHANISMS OF CONDITIONING, LEARNING AND MEMORY -- PART 4: VISCERAL LEARNING -- CHAPTER 20. INTRODUCTION TO VISCERAL LEARNING -- CHAPTER 21. LEARNING IN THE HOMEOSTATIC REGULATION OF VISCERAL PROCESSES -- Instrumentally Learned Skeletal Responses -- Classically Conditioned Visceral Responses -- Paradoxical Conditioned Responses -- Evidence that Instrumental Learning Can Affect Visceral Responses -- Skeletal Response Stimulates Receptive Field of Visceral Reflex -- Instrumentally Learned Direct Visceral Response -- Reinforcement by Outcome of Glandular Response -- Adjusting Priorities among Competing Systems -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 22. HABITUATION IN VISCERAL SYSTEMS AND ITS POSSIBLE MECHANISMS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 23. ON THE CONTROL OF CERTAIN INVOLUNTARY FUNCTIONS IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN PATIENTS WITH SOME NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES -- Introduction -- BIOFEEDBACK TRAINING IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL ARACHNOIDITIS -- BFB TRAINING IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN PATIENTS WITH NEUROSES -- CHAPTER 24. THE ROLE OF INSTRUMENTAL LEARNING IN THE ORGANIZATION AND MAINTENANCE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTROL MECHANISMS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 25. MODULATION OF BARORECEPTOR SENSITIVITY DURING OPERANT CARDIAC CONDITIONING -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 26. CONDITIONED BLOOD PRESSURE ELEVATIONS IN THE BABOON -- References -- CHAPTER 27. HEART RATE CONDITIONING EXPERIMENTSIN HUMANS -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES. , CHAPTER 28. BIOFEEDBACK-AIDED SELF-REGULATION OF HAND TEMPERATURE -- PRELIMINARY WORK IN OUR LABORATORY -- SELF-REGULATION AT COLD TEMPERATURES -- THE QUESTION OF SOMATIC MEDIATION -- TRANSFER OF THE RESPONSE -- ANATOMICAL SPECIFICITY OF THE RESPONSE -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 29. PERCEPTION OF RECTAL DISTENSION IS NECESSARY TO PREVENTFECAL INCONTINENCE -- EXPERIMENT I -- EXPERIMENT II -- EXPERIMENT III -- EXPERIMENT IV -- GENERAL DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 30. CONCLUDING REMARKSON VISCERAL LEARNING -- PART 5: CORTICAL SENSORY-MOTOR INTEGRATION -- CHAPTER 31. INTRODUCTION TO CORTICAL SENSORY-MOTOR INTEGRATION -- CHAPTER 32. CAUDATO-CORTICAL INTERRELATIONS IN BEHAVIORAL ACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ABOUT THE INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN THE FRONTAL CORTEX AND THE CAUDATE NUCLEUS -- INTERACTION OF THE CAUDATE NUCLEUS AND THE MOTOR CORTEX -- JONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 33. NEURONAL PROCESSING RELATED TO SENSORY INPUTS, INTERMEDIATE LEARNING PROCESSES, AND THE INITIATION OF MOTOR RESPONSES -- Feeding -- Inhibition of Responses. -- Recognition Memory -- References -- CHAPTER 34. CORTICAL UNIT ACTIVITYAND MOTOR ACT PROGRAMMING -- Elaboration of conditioned defensive motor reflex -- Delayed alternation of the rewarded side -- Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER 35. WHAT MACROPOTENTIALS TELL US ABOUTTHE FUNCTIONS OF MONKEYS' PREFRONTAL CORTEX -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 36. FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATIONOF CONDITIONED PLACING REACTION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 37. CONCLUDING REMARKS ON CORTICALSENSORY-MOTOR INTEGRATION -- PART 6: FUNCTIONS OF MAMMALIAN ASSOCIATIVE CORTEX -- CHAPTER 38. INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONS OF MAMMALIAN ASSOCIATIVE CORTEX. CLUES TO FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF AFFERENTING PROJECTIONS IN DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- RESULTS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES. , CHAPTER 39. ANATOMICAL ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF AFFERENTS TO POSTERIOR SUPRASYLVIAN CORTEX IN CATS -- CHAPTER 40. VISUAL MECHANISMS IN THE TEMPORA LAND PRESTRIATE ASSOCIATION CORTICES OF THE MONKEY -- 1. Localization of Visual Learning Area -- 2, Pattern-Specific Neurons in Inferotemporal (IT) Cortex -- 3. Posterior Inferotemporal (PIT) Cortex as an Anatomically Separable Area, TEO, from Anterior Inferotemporal (Area TE) and Prestriate (Areas OA+OB) Cortices -- 4. Dual Processing Mechanisms in Visual Learning Area -- 5. Foveal Prestriate (Fov PS) Cortex as an Afferent Area into Inferotemporal (IT) Visual Learning Area -- 6. Possible Parallel System of Visual Information Processing from Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) to Prestriate (PS) Cortex -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 41. PROPERTIES OF INFERIOR TEMPORAL NEURONS IN THE MACAQUE -- CHAPTER 42. NEURAL CORRELATES OF SPACE PERCEPTION IN THE PARIETAL ASSOCIATION CORTEX OF THE MONKEY -- NEURAL CORRELATES OF TACTILE SPACE AND BODY IMAGE IN AREA 5 AND 7 -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 43. DISCUSSION ON MECHANISMS OF PARIETAL CORTEX -- HOW TO STUDY ASSOCIATIVE SYSTEMS -- REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OP FUNCTIONS -- REASONS FOR DIFFERENCIES IN RESULTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 44. THALAMO-CORTICAL MEDIATION OF PERCEPTION AND MEMORY IN MAN -- SUBJECTS -- TESTS -- PROCEDURE -- CORTICAL STIMULATION, OBJECT NAMING: -- VERBAL AND NONVERBAL MEMORY -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 45. TIMING OF CEREBRAL PROCESSES RELATIVETO CONCOMITANT CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCESIN MAN -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 46. CONCLUDING REMARKS ON FUNCTIONS OF MAMMALIAN ASSOCIATIVE CORTEX -- PART 7: PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MOTIVATION -- CHAPTER 47. INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MOTIVATION (ORGANIZATION OF THE CORTICO-LIMBIC RETICULAR AXIS IN REGULATING HYPOTHALAMIC ACTIVITY). , Bibliography.

Note: Intro -- LAGOONS: BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT -- LAGOONS: BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 METABOLIC AND STRUCTURAL ROLE OF MAJOR FISH ORGANS AS AN EARLY WARNING SYSTEM IN POPULATION ASSESSMENT -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. LIVER, ITS ROLE IN METABOLISM, ACCUMULATION AND REGULATION OF XENOBIOTIC COMPOUNDS -- Histopathology -- Glycogen and Lipid Reserves -- Biotransformation System of Xenobiotics -- Transaminases -- Metal-Binding Proteins -- 3. THE LYMPHOHEMOPOIETIC TISSUES IN FISH -- 3.1. The Spleen -- 3.2. The Kidney -- Kidney and Its Role in Electrolyte Balance -- 4. THE IMPACT OF WATER CONTAMINATION ON RENAL FUNCTION -- Endocrine Kidney Response to Stressors -- 5. IMMUNE SYSTEM IN FISH -- 5.1. Non-Specific Defence Mechanisms -- Macrophage Aggregates -- Splenic MAs -- 6. ORGANO-SOMATIC INDICES -- The Splenosomatic Index (SSI) -- The Hepato-Somatic Index (HSI) -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA IN COASTAL LAGOONS: DISTRIBUTIONAL PATTERNS AND BIOMONITORING IMPLICATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS -- 3. FORAMINIFERA LIVING IN LAGOONAL ENVIRONMENTS -- 4. DISTRIBUTION OF FORAMINIFERA IN LAGOONAL ENVIRONMENTS -- 4.1. Common Pattern -- 4.2. Choked Stratified Lagoon -- Morphology -- Hydrodynamics -- Sediments -- Foraminiferal Assemblages -- 4.3. Restricted Lagoon with Salt Wedge -- Morphology -- Hydrodynamics -- Sediments -- Foraminiferal Assemblages -- 4.4. Choked Non-Stratified Hypersaline Lagoon -- Morphology -- Hydrodynamics -- Sediments -- Foraminiferal Assemblages -- 4.5. Restricted, Non-Stratified Lagoon, with Roughly Normal Saline Waters -- Morphology -- Hydrodynamics -- Sediments -- Foraminiferal Assemblages -- 4.6. Choked Hyposaline Lagoon -- Morphology -- Hydrodynamics -- Sediments. , Foraminiferal Assemblages -- 4.7. Generalization -- 5. USING FORAMINIFERA FOR ASSESSING WATER AND SEDIMENT QUALITY IN LAGOONS -- 5.1. Use of Foraminifera -- 5.2. The Effect of Organic Matter on Benthic Foraminifera -- 5.3. The Effect of Hydrocarbon-Oil on Benthic Foraminifera -- 5.4. The Effect of Trace Elements on Benthic Foraminifera -- 7. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 COASTWEB, A FOODWEB MODEL BASED ON FUNCTIONAL GROUPS FOR COASTAL AREAS INCLUDING A MASS-BALANCE MODEL FOR PHOSPHORUS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS - THE MODELLING APPROACH -- Coastal Ecosystem Boundaries -- The Foodweb Model -- Predictions of Normal Biomasses -- Migration -- An Outline of the Sub-Model for Jellyfish -- THE ROLE OF MACROPHYTES -- Macrophyte Cover -- Macrophytes and Macroalgae and Their Influence on Fish Production -- RESULTS -- Eutrophication -- Overfishing -- Toxic Contamination -- Sensitivity Analysis - Latitude/Temperature -- Sensitivity Analysis - Salinity -- DISCUSSION AND COMMENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- APPENDIX: MINOR MODIFICATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 FORM AND FUNCTIONING OF MICRO SIZE INTERMITTENT CLOSED OPEN LAKE LAGOONS (ICOLLS) IN NSW, AUSTRALIA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION -- 2. PHYSICAL FEATURES -- 3. MORPHOLOGY -- 4. CATCHMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES -- 4.1. The Influence of Catchment Characteristics on ICOLLs -- 4.2. Catchment Hydrology -- 5. PHYSIOCHEMICAL FEATURES -- 5.1. Salinity and pH -- 5.2. Temperature -- 5.3. Dissolved Oxygen -- 5.4. Nutrients -- 5.5. Colour -- 6. SEDIMENT COMPOSITION -- 6.1. Grain Size -- 6.2. Nitrogen and Phosphorus -- 6.3. Organic Matter -- 6.4. Biogeochemical Nutrient Cycles -- 6.4.1. Nitrogen -- 6.4.2. Phosphorus -- 7. BIOLOGICAL FEATURES -- 7.1. Food Webs -- 7.2. Algae and Plants -- 7.3. Soft Sediment Macrofauna -- 7.4. Fish -- 8. ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGES. , 8.1. Changes in Catchment Land-Use, Hydrology and Water Quality -- 8.2. Changes in Biological Communities -- 9. MANAGEMENT -- 9.1. Flood Management -- 9.2. Water Quality -- 9.3. Conservation -- 9.4. Amenity -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 WATERBIRDS AS BIOINDICATORS IN COASTAL LAGOONS: BACKGROUND, POTENTIAL VALUE AND RECENT RESEARCH IN MEDITERRANEAN AREAS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. WATERBIRDS AS INDICATORS: POTENTIAL USES AND RESTRICTIONS -- 3. THE PARTICULAR CASE OF MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL LAGOONS -- 4. A TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN EXAMPLE: THE MAR MENOR CASE STUDY -- 4.1. Long Term Response of Waterbirds to Environmental Changes -- 4.2. Spatial Response of Waterbirds along Coastal Lagoon Gradients -- 4.3. New Approaches: Coupling Waterbird Studies with Other Biological Monitoring Schemes -- 4.4. Towards a Better Understanding of Waterbird Trophic Ecology in CL -- 5. SYNTHESIS AND PERSPECTIVES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 HOW IMPORTANT ARE LOCAL NUTRIENT EMISSIONS TO EUTROPHICATION IN COASTAL AREAS COMPARED TO FLUXES FROM THE OUTSIDE SEA? A CASE-STUDY USING DATA FROM THE HIMMERFJÄRDEN BAY IN THE BALTIC PROPER -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION AND AIM -- 2. INFORMATION ON THE HIMMERFJÄRDEN BAY -- 2.1. Previous Tests and Studies -- 2.2. Data and Methods -- 3. THE DYNAMIC COASTWEB-MODEL -- 3.1. Regressions between Modeled TP-Values versus Total-N and Different Bioindicators -- 4. RESULTS -- 4.1. Modeled Values versus Empirical Data -- 4.2. Fluxes and Amounts of Phosphorus -- 5. PREDICTING THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THE SYSTEM TO CHANGES IN NUTRIENT LOADING -- 6. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF INNOVATIVE DREDGING IN COASTAL LAGOON FOR BEACH RESTORATION -- ABSTRACT -- 1.0. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Geomorphology and Sedimentation of Coastal Lagoon. , 1.2. Value of Coastal Lagoons -- 1.3. Environemntal Impact Studies -- 1.4. Environmental Impacts of Dredging -- 1.5. Overview of the Keta Restoration Project -- 1.6. Objectives -- 2.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1. Field Sampling -- 2.2. Laboratory Sample Processing -- 2.3. Data Analyses -- 3.0. RESULTS -- 3.1. Distribution of Dredged Materials on Restoration Sites -- 3.2. Impacts of Dredging Operations on Shorebirds‟ Abundance -- 3.3. Dredging Impacts on Macrobenthic Fuanal Community Structure -- 3.4. Dredging Impacts on Water Quality -- 3.4.1. Spatial Pattern Of Water Quality -- 3.4.2. Temporal Patterns Of Water Quality Regimes -- 4.0. CONCLUSION -- 4.1. Distribution Pattern of Avifauna Community -- 4.2. Impact of Dredging on Macrobenthic Fauna -- 4.3. Impacts of Dredging on Water Quality -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 STATE OF KNOWLEDGE OF THE TROPHIC STATE OF WORLDWIDE LAGOON ECOSYSTEMS: LEADING FIELDS AND PERSPECTIVES -- ABSTRACT -- 8.1. INTRODUCTION -- 8.2. COASTAL LAGOON PRODUCTIVITY: AN ECONOMIC VALUE LINKED TO THE TROPHIC LEVEL -- 8.3. NATURAL AND HUMAN-CONTROLLED FACTORS THAT AFFECT TROPHIC LEVEL -- 8.4. WHEN THE IMBALANCE OCCURS: EUTROPHICATION, MAIN FEATURES AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS -- 8.5. AN OVERVIEW ON RECENT DATA RELATED TO THE TROPHISM OF LAGOONS WORLDWIDE -- 8.6. INTERNATIONAL DIRECTIVES: THE NEED FOR ORGANIZING A STRATEGIC REGULATION -- 8.7. ACTUAL PERSPECTIVES: IMPROVE THE KNOWLEDGE THROUGHOUT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 TREATMENT OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS BY CHEMICAL OXIDATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- FENTON-LIKE REAGENTS -- OZONE -- PERMANGANATE -- PERSULFATE -- PEROXY-ACIDS -- CASE STUDIES -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Sediments -- Porto Marghera Sediments -- Gowanus Canal Sediments -- Oxidation Tests -- Porto Marghera Sediments -- Gowanus Canal Sediments -- Chemicals and Analytical Methods. , RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Porto Marghera Sediments -- Gowanus Canal Sediments -- Comparison Between the Two Sediments -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE EUTROPHICATION IN THE GULF OF FINLAND USING A DYNAMIC PROCESS-BASED MASS-BALANCE MODEL -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION AND AIM -- 2. DATA FROM THE GULF OF FINLAND AND INFORMATION ON THE MODEL STRUCTURE -- 2.1. Data and Methods -- 2.2. The Dynamic Coastmab-Model -- 2.3. Regressions between Modeled TP-Values versus Total-N and Bioindicators -- 3. RESULTS -- 3.1. Modeled Values versus Empirical Data -- 3.2. Fluxes and Amounts of Phosphorus -- 3.3. Changes in the Gulf of Finland during the Last 100 Years -- 3.4. Reconstruction the Conditions in the Gulf of Finland -- 3.5. Sensitivity Tests -- 4. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF COASTAL LAGOONS ECOSYSTEMS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- Definitions of Coastal Lagoons, Transitional Waters and Coastal Waters -- 2. ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE COASTAL LAGOONS -- ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND CONFLICTS -- 3. WATER FLOWS IN COASTAL LAGOONS AND MANAGEMENT OF THE WATERSHED -- 4. IMPORTANCE OF INTERNAL PROCESSES IN THE LAGOON FOR MAINTAINING WATER QUALITY AND FOR PROVIDING HABITATS -- 5. EFFECTS OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE COASTAL LAGOONS -- 6. CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 INVOLVEMENT OF LOCAL USERS IS THE OVERLOOKED BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR IMPROVING IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSERVATION SOLUTIONS IN COASTAL LAGOON MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF THE ICHKEUL NATIONAL PARK (TUNISIA) -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GEOGRAPHICAL CONTEXT -- 3. ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS -- 3.1. Within the Ecosystem Itself -- 3.2. Pathway Functions that Connect and Transfer Water, Material, and Organisms between Land and Sea. , 4. ECOSYSTEM SERVICES.