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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Possibility of ephaptic interaction of neurons through an electric field generated by them (1967)
    Springer
    Neuroscience and behavioral physiology 1 (1967), S. 469-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-899X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Conclusions The activity of slow-adapting (SA) and fast-adapting (FA) neurons of the crustacean stretch receptor under the influence of solutions of strychnine or procaine has been studied. 1. In some experiments, under the influence of these drugs, the FA-neuron became slow-sdapting and exhibited spontaneous rhythmic activity. 2. The transition to rhythmic prolonged action potentials (PAP) under the influence of these drugs took place more slowly in the FA-neuron than in the SA-neuron. 3. Statistically significant results show that during the PAP plateau of the SA-neuron the frequency of action potentials (AP) of the FA-neuron was increased. The PAP of the SA-neuron also facilitated the onset of double APs during the plateau, together with an increase in duration and amplitude and the earlier appearance of PAPs in the FA-neuron. 4. The results obtained may be explained by the effect of the electric field created by high-voltage, prolonged depolarization of the membrane of the SA-neuron during the PAP plateau, and by high sensitivity of the FA-neuron, in a state of spontaneous activity, to the external electric field. 5. The results of this investigation demonstrate that an ephaptic link is possible between neurons, which would facilitate hybersynchronization of neuronal activity in an eplleptic focus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01126542
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of a latent state arising in the hippocampus following the cessation of long-term potentiation (1994)
    Springer
    Neuroscience and behavioral physiology 24 (1994), S. 394-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-899X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The possibility of the restoration of long-term potentiation in the CA1 region and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus during stimulation respectively of the dorsal raphé nuclei and locus coeruleus, with stimulus parameters inducing behavioral reactions, was investigated in freely-behaving rats. It was demonstrated that stimulation of the locus coeruleus, which was ineffective prior to the tetanization of the perforant path, led to the restoration of extinguished long-term posttetanic potentiation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus induced by tetanization of the perforant path. Stimulation of the dorsal raphé nucleus, which was ineffective prior to the tetanization of the Schaffer collaterals, led to the restoration of long-term posttetanic potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus induced by tetanization of the Schaffer collaterals. A mathematical model is proposed which has made it possible to describe the restoration of long-term posttetanic potentiation on the basis of the notion of the existence of several states of calcium/calmodulin-dependant protein kinase. The restoration of long-term potentiation during stimulation of emotiogenic zones was examined as a model of the phenomenon of emotional reminding.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02359790
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Convergence of signals of various sensory modalities on the neurons of the sensorimotor zone of the rabbit cerebral cortex (1971)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 3 (1971), S. 353-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The responses of the neurons to electrocutaneous stimulation, light flashes, and clicks in the cortical region of the motor representation of the rabbit forelimb were investigated by means of intra- and quasiintracellular recordings. In unanesthetized animals, in only eight out of 65 neurons did postsynaptic potentials (PSP) with a short (10–30 msec) latent period arise in response to light and sound. In 15 neurons, long latency (50–150 msec) responses to one or both of these stimuli were recorded. In most of the cells, short latency stable responses to stimulation of the contralateral forelimb and unstable long latency responses to light and/or sound, frequently of the nature of an increase in the background "synaptic noise," were observed. Under deep chloralose narcosis, the type of convergence was sharply changed: in most of the neurons, short latency responses to all the stimuli used appeared. However, the picture of convergence differed from that described earlier [5,6] for the motor cortex of the cat under chloralose narcosis. The responses to various stimuli were less similar to one another; the somesthetic modality substantially "predominated" (judging by the stability and nature of the interaction of the response).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01063567
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Multisensory convergence on neurons of the motor cortex in unanesthetized cats (1971)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 3 (1971), S. 419-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) of 83 neurons in the motor cortex of unanesthetized cats in response to electrodermal, photic, and acoustic stimulation were investigated by intra-and quasi-intracellular recording methods. Most cells responded to stimulation of at least one limb. About 60% of neurons of the posterior and over 75% of neurons of the anterior sigmoid gyrus responded to stimulation of two (or more) limbs. In 29 of 39 neurons of the anterior and 12 of 44 of the posterior sigmoid gyrus PSPs with a short (less than 50 msec) and stable latent period were evoked by flashes and clicks. On presentation of two somesthetic stimuli complete blocking (if the interval was less than 30–60 msec) or weakening (interval 30–200 msec) of responses to the second (testing) stimulus was observed. On presentation of paired photic (or acoustic) stimuli or paired stimuli of different modalities at various intervals from 0 to 100 msec, the testing response was often potentiated. The character of the responses and their interaction thus differed from those obtained under chloralose anesthesia [6, 7]. It is postulated that under the action of chloralose a system of neurons with strong excitatory feedback is formed in the motor cortex which may respond to stimuli of different modalities by something resembling the "all or nothing" principle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01063753
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synaptic mechanisms controlling receptor unit activity in the stretch receptor—Abdominal ganglionic chain system of the crayfish (1973)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 5 (1973), S. 250-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Inhibitory control over activity of the receptor neuron was investigated in a preparation of the stretch receptor and abdominal ganglionic chain in crayfishes. Potentials were recorded intracellularly from receptor neurons and neurons of the abdominal ganglion, and extracellularly from the dorsal roots. IPSPs appeared in the receptor neuron in response to stimulation of that same neuron or of the abdominal ganglionic chain. The relationship between spikes at the input and output of the inhibitory neuron varied over a wide range depending on the functional state of the neuron. A linear relationship was established between the time before appearance of the IPSP and the duration of the interspike interval of the slowly adapting neuron (SAN) and also between the firing rate of this and the inhibitory neurons during recurrent inhibition. Factors influencing the length of the interspike interval of the SAN on the appearance of an IPSP in it were investigated. It is postulated that summation of potentials evoked by spikes of the SAN and also of potentials evoked by spikes of that neuron, together with local processes evidently of endogenous nature takes place in the inhibitory neuron. IPSPs were recorded from two neurons resistant to strychnine and blocked by picrotoxin on the receptor neuron. The structural and functional organization of the individual elements in the chain of recurrent inhibition and inhibition evoked by stimulation of the abdominal ganglionic chain is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062605
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Postinhibitory unit response of crustacean stretch receptors after direct and recurrent inhibition (1974)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 6 (1974), S. 156-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The postinhibitory response of a slowly adapting neuron was investigated in experiments on an isolated preparation of crustacean stretch receptor and abdominal nerve chain. The structural features of this preparation are such that this response can be regarded as the response of the postsynaptic membrane to synaptic inhibition and not the action of synaptic excitation. IPSPs arise in the slowly adapting neuron in response to stimulation of the abdominal nerve chain (direct inhibition) or to excitation of the neuron itself (recurrent inhibition). The postinhibitory response consists of the development of action potentials or an increase in their amplitude and frequency. The magnitude of the response is determined by the duration of the inhibition and the state of the neuron membrane. The postinhibitory response was strongest when IPSPs were superposed on cathodal depression. IPSPs and an intracellular hyperpolarizing current evoke similar postinhibitory responses. Repetitive excitation of an inhibitory neuron may result in the appearance of a regular spike discharge from a previously inactive neuron through the mechanism of the postinhibitory response. Activation of a chain of recurrent inhibition increases the duration of the postinhibitory response evoked by direct inhibition or by a hyperpolarizing current. The existence of a chain of recurrent inhibition prevents the cessation of firing by a neuron during increasing cathodal depression. A mechanism of postinhibitory rebound lies at the basis of this phenomenon.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062753
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanism of after-effects following polarization of single neurons (1968)
    Springer
    Neuroscience and behavioral physiology 2 (1968), S. 871-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-899X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Prolonged recovery of spontaneous unit activity of the sensorimotor cortex of unanesthetized rabbits, continuing for several seconds or tens of seconds, was studied after cessation of current passed through a recording microelectrode. The extracellularly recorded after-effect following switching off an excitatory (exiting) current could be excitatory or inhibitory, and was opposite in sign to the after-effect observed on the same cells after switching off an inhibitory (entering) current. With intracellular recording, after a depolarizing current, only a subsequent decrease was observed, and after a hyperpolarizing current, only an increase in discharge frequency. It can be concluded from the results of intracellular recording and from a comparative investigation of the same phenomena on an isolated crayfish receptor neuron that the after-effects described in cortical neurons are not connected with the circulation of impulses in neuronal networks, but rather with a special property of the excitable membrane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01124734
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modular organization of callosal neurons in the rabbit sensomotor cortex (1984)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 16 (1984), S. 353-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The density of distribution of callosal neurons in the rabbit sensomotor cortex was studied by injecting horseradish peroxidase into the symmetrical region of the cortex. The degree of inequality of distribution of labeled neurons was determined visually and by statistical analysis. Stained callosal neurons were mainly small and medium-sized pyramidal cells, located chiefly in layer III–IV, and substantially less frequently in layers V and VI. Different forms of grouping of labeled neurons were observed in layer III–IV: two cells at a time, five to eight cells arranged vertically, or in concentrations, whose width was usually 120–200µ, and separated by areas with reduced density. The results are regarded as confirmation of those drawn previously from results of electrophysiological investigations on the modular organization of callosal connections in the rabbit sensomotor cortex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053487
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Conditions and character of synchronization of the electrical activity of two neurons by means of the electrical field produced by these neurons (1970)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 2 (1970), S. 243-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Isolated stretch receptors of crayfish were investigated by intracellular recording of the electrical activity from the body of the fast or slowly adapting neuron and extracellular recording from the nerve trunk. An increase of activity of one neuron during the plateau of the prolonged action potential (PAP) of another was observed both in the fast and slowly adapting neurons regardless of whether the PAP was formed under the effect of strychnine, novocain, or as a result of the body membrane, or was evoked by orthodromic or antidromic stimulation. In the case of relative equalization of the frequency of the rhythmic activity of the slowly and fast adapting neurons there is a transition from an increase in the firing rate of the fast adapting neuron during the plateau of the PAP of the slowly adapting neuron to complete synchronization of their activity; not only the PAP of one neuron and one or several impulses of another, but also the PAP of both neurons can be synchronized. It is suggested that the relation of the activity of two neurons is due to the effect of the electrical field produced during the PAP. The role of the similarity of the functional state of neurons of an epileptogenic focus in the possible synchronizing action of the electrical field produced by them is examined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01063367
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antidromic action potentials as a manifestation of trace excitation (1981)
    Springer
    Neuroscience and behavioral physiology 11 (1981), S. 53-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-899X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Conclusions 1. As a result of low-frequency subconvulsive electrical stimulation of the sensomotor cortex of an unanesthetized, uncurarized rabbit, groups of AP spreading antidromically along the axons to the soma of callosal neurons located in the opposite hemisphere arose spontaneously after single stimulation. 2. Groups of spontaneous antidromic AP were recorded in the region of the cortex after disappearance of seizure activity, induced by application of penicillin, in it. 3. It is suggested that the phenomena discovered reflect the long-lasting preservation of increased excitability of terminals of cortical neurons after the action of the electrical stimulus of penicillin has ended.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01349672
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