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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fish Consumption Improved Head Circumference and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference among Infants in Zambia: A Randomised Controlled Trial
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Challenges Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-06-06), p. 29-
    Details
    In: Challenges, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-06-06), p. 29-
    Abstract: Fish is a good source of Animal Source Proteins (ASP). Families from low-income countries with limited access to other animal source proteins can utilize it to improve the nutrition status of infants and young children. The objective of the study was to assess if fish fed during the early complementary feeding period had an effect on improved head circumference (HC) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) among infants aged 6–7 months. A randomised controlled trial was conducted from April 2019 to January 2020 in the Samfya district, Luapula Province, Zambia. The infants (238) were randomised to either the fish group (intervention) or the sorghum group (control). Every week for a period of 6 months, infants received seven sachets of fish powder and sorghum powder, respectively. Compliance was also monitored during the fish powder distribution. The head circumference measurements were conducted at baseline and once each follow-up month for a period of six months while the MUAC measurements were conducted twice (at baseline and endline). Using statistical software for data science (STATA) (version 16), a linear mixed effect model was used to analyse the data. The results showed that fish improved head circumference for age z score (HCZ) by 0.53 (95% CI: 0.23–0.82), p-value 〈 0.001, and MUAC by 0.36 (95% CI: 0.13–0.59) p-value 〈 0.002. Therefore, fish can be used as the main source of protein in complementary foods for infants and young children in low-income communities with limited access to meat.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2078-1547
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/challe14020029
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2609471-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of a multi-micronutrient-fortified beverage, with and without sugar, on growth and cognition in South African schoolchildren: a randomised, double-blind, controlled intervention
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 110, No. 12 ( 2013-12-28), p. 2271-2284
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 110, No. 12 ( 2013-12-28), p. 2271-2284
    Abstract: Little is known about the effects of combined micronutrient and sugar consumption on growth and cognition. In the present study, we investigated the effects of micronutrients and sugar, alone and in combination, in a beverage on growth and cognition in schoolchildren. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, children ( n 414, 6–11 years) were randomly allocated to consume beverages containing (1) micronutrients with sugar, (2) micronutrients with a non-nutritive sweetener, (3) no micronutrients with sugar or (4) no micronutrients with a non-nutritive sweetener for 8·5 months. Growth was assessed and cognition was tested using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children version II (KABC-II) subtests and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT). Micronutrients decreased the OR for Fe deficiency at the endpoint (OR 0·19; 95 % CI 0·07, 0·53). Micronutrients increased KABC Atlantis (intervention effect: 0·76; 95 % CI 0·10, 1·42) and HVLT Discrimination Index (1·00; 95 % CI 0·01, 2·00) scores. Sugar increased KABC Atlantis (0·71; 95 % CI 0·05, 1·37) and Rover (0·72; 95 % CI 0·08, 1·35) scores and HVLT Recall 3 (0·94; 95 % CI 0·15, 1·72). Significant micronutrient × sugar interaction effects on the Atlantis, Number recall, Rover and Discrimination Index scores indicated that micronutrients and sugar in combination attenuated the beneficial effects of micronutrients or sugar alone. Micronutrients or sugar alone had a lowering effect on weight-for-age z -scores relative to controls (micronutrients − 0·08; 95 % CI − 0·15, − 0·01; sugar − 0·07; 95 % CI − 0·14, − 0·002), but in combination, this effect was attenuated. The beverages with micronutrients or added sugar alone had a beneficial effect on cognition, which was attenuated when provided in combination.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S000711451300189X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Efficacy of Fish as an Early Complementary Food on the Linear Growth of Infants Aged 6–7 Months: A Randomised Controlled Trial
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-05-25), p. 2191-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-05-25), p. 2191-
    Abstract: Fish is a good animal-source protein for growth and development. The main objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of fish during the early complementary feeding period on infants’ linear growth in the Samfya district of the Luapula Province of Zambia in 6 months randomised controlled trial. The study was conducted from April 2019 to January 2020. Infants aged 6–7 months (N = 238) were assigned to either the intervention (treatment) group or control (placebo) group to receive fish powder or sorghum powder, respectively. Participants were followed on a weekly basis to distribute the powder and record compliance/usage and any morbidities. Anthropometric measurements were taken monthly. A linear mixed-effects model showed that fish powder improved linear growth among infants over all the 6 months of the intervention period. The fish powder increased length-for-age z scores by 1.26 (95% CI: 0.94–1.57) and weight-for-age z score by 0.95 (95% CI 0.6–1.23). The addition of fish powder to the infant’s usual food during the early complementary feeding improves the infant’s linear growth outcome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14112191
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between iron status and white blood cell counts in African schoolchildren of the North-West Province, South Africa
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health Vol. 2, No. 3 ( 2012), p. 103-
    Details
    In: Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 2, No. 3 ( 2012), p. 103-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2210-6014
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2012.07.003
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2645324-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Systematic Review of the Literature to Inform the Development of a South African Dietary Polyphenol Composition Database
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2023-05-23), p. 2426-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2023-05-23), p. 2426-
    Abstract: Comprehensively compiled dietary polyphenol data is required to compare polyphenol content between foods, calculate polyphenol intake and study its association with health and disease. The purpose of this review was to identify data on the presence and content of polyphenolic components in South African foods, with the aim of compiling the data into a database. An electronic literature search was conducted up until January 2020 using multiple databases. Additional literature was sourced from South African university repositories. A total of 7051 potentially eligible references were identified, of which 384 met the inclusion criteria. These studies provided information on food item name, geographical distribution, polyphenol type, quantity, and quantification method. Data for 1070 foods were identified, amounting to 4994 polyphenols. Spectrophotometry was the main method used for quantification of gross phenolic content in various assays such as total phenolic content (Folin–Ciocalteu assay), total flavonoid content (AlCl3 assay) and condensed tannin content (vanillin–HCl assay). Phenolic acids and flavonoids were the main polyphenol classes identified. This review highlights that South Africa has abundant information on the polyphenol content of foods, which could be utilised within a food composition database for the estimation of polyphenol intake for South Africa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15112426
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
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    Identifying Nutrient Patterns in South African Foods to Support National Nutrition Guidelines and Policies
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-09-14), p. 3194-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-09-14), p. 3194-
    Abstract: Food composition databases (FCDBs) provide the nutritional content of foods and are essential for developing nutrition guidance and effective intervention programs to improve nutrition of a population. In public and nutritional health research studies, FCDBs are used in the estimation of nutrient intake profiles at the population levels. However, such studies investigating nutrient co-occurrence and profile patterns within the African context are very rare. This study aimed to identify nutrient co-occurrence patterns within the South African FCDB (SAFCDB). A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 28 nutrients and 971 foods in the South African FCDB to determine compositionally similar food items. A second principal component analysis was applied to the food items for validation. Eight nutrient patterns (NPs) explaining 73.4% of the nutrient variation among foods were identified: (1) high magnesium and manganese; (2) high copper and vitamin B12; (3) high animal protein, niacin, and vitamin B6; (4) high fatty acids and vitamin E; (5) high calcium, phosphorous and sodium; (6) low moisture and high available carbohydrate; (7) high cholesterol and vitamin D; and (8) low zinc and high vitamin C. Similar food patterns (FPs) were identified from a PCA on food items, yielding subgroups such as dark-green, leafy vegetables and, orange-coloured fruit and vegetables. One food pattern was associated with high sodium levels and contained bread, processed meat and seafood, canned vegetables, and sauces. The data-driven nutrient and food patterns found in this study were consistent with and support the South African food-based dietary guidelines and the national salt regulations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu13093194
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral content, bone turnover markers and fracture risk in south African schoolchildren: multicentre double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial (ViDiKids)
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2024
    In:  Journal of Bone and Mineral Research ( 2024-01-10)
    Details
    In: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, Oxford University Press (OUP), ( 2024-01-10)
    Abstract: Randomised controlled trials (RCT) to determine the influence of vitamin D on bone mineral content (BMC) and fracture risk in children of Black African ancestry are lacking. We conducted a sub-study (n=450) nested within a Phase 3 RCT of weekly oral supplementation with 10,000 IU vitamin D3 vs. placebo for 3 years in HIV-uninfected Cape Town schoolchildren aged 6-11 years. Outcomes were BMC at the whole body less head (WBLH) and lumbar spine (LS) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3), parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase, C-terminal telopeptide and procollagen type 1 N propeptide. Incidence of fractures was a secondary outcome of the main trial (n=1682). At baseline, mean serum 25(OH)D3 concentration was 70.0 nmol/L (s.d. 13.5), and 5.8% of participants had serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations & lt;50 nmol/L. Among sub-study participants, end-trial serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were higher for participants allocated to vitamin D vs. placebo (adjusted mean difference [aMD] 39.9 nmol/L, 95% CI 36.1 to 43.6) and serum PTH concentrations were lower (aMD -0.55 pmol/L, 95% CI -0.94 to -0.17). However, no interarm differences were seen for WBLH BMC (aMD -8.0 g, 95% CI -30.7 to 14.7) or LS BMC (aMD -0.3 g, 95% CI -1.3 to 0.8) or serum concentrations of bone turnover markers. Fractures were rare among participants in the main trial randomised to vitamin D vs. placebo (7/755 vs. 10/758 attending at least one follow-up; adjusted odds ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.85). In conclusion, a 3-year course of weekly oral vitamin D supplementation elevated serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations and suppressed serum PTH concentrations in HIV-uninfected South African schoolchildren of Black African ancestry but did not influence BMC or serum concentrations of bone turnover markers. Fracture incidence was low, limiting power to detect an effect of vitamin D on this outcome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0884-0431 , 1523-4681
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae007
    RVK:
    XA 52230
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008867-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Statistical Methods for the Analysis of Food Composition Databases: A Review
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-05-25), p. 2193-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-05-25), p. 2193-
    Abstract: Evidence-based knowledge of the relationship between foods and nutrients is needed to inform dietary-based guidelines and policy. Proper and tailored statistical methods to analyse food composition databases (FCDBs) could assist in this regard. This review aims to collate the existing literature that used any statistical method to analyse FCDBs, to identify key trends and research gaps. The search strategy yielded 4238 references from electronic databases of which 24 fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Information on the objectives, statistical methods, and results was extracted. Statistical methods were mostly applied to group similar food items (37.5%). Other aims and objectives included determining associations between the nutrient content and known food characteristics (25.0%), determining nutrient co-occurrence (20.8%), evaluating nutrient changes over time (16.7%), and addressing the accuracy and completeness of databases (16.7%). Standard statistical tests (33.3%) were the most utilised followed by clustering (29.1%), other methods (16.7%), regression methods (12.5%), and dimension reduction techniques (8.3%). Nutrient data has unique characteristics such as correlated components, natural groupings, and a compositional nature. Statistical methods used for analysis need to account for this data structure. Our summary of the literature provides a reference for researchers looking to expand into this area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14112193
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 9
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    Establishing a sustainable Malawian food composition data system harnessing available limited resources
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Food Composition and Analysis Vol. 124 ( 2023-12), p. 105705-
    Details
    In: Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, Elsevier BV, Vol. 124 ( 2023-12), p. 105705-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0889-1575
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105705
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469801-8
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  • 10
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    Prevalence of glutamine deficiency in ICU patients: a cross-sectional analytical study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  Nutrition Journal Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2015-12)
    Details
    In: Nutrition Journal, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2015-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1475-2891
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0188-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2091602-4
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