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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The adult human subventricular zone: partial ependymal coverage and proliferative capacity of cerebrospinal fluid
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Brain Communications Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2020-07-01)
    Details
    In: Brain Communications, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2020-07-01)
    Abstract: Neurogenesis continues throughout adulthood in specialized regions of the brain. One of these regions is the subventricular zone. During brain development, neurogenesis is regulated by a complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic cues that control stem-cell survival, renewal and cell lineage specification. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an integral part of the neurogenic niche in development as it is in direct contact with radial glial cells, and it is important in regulating proliferation and migration. Yet, the effect of CSF on neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the adult human brain is unknown. We hypothesized a persistent stimulating effect of ventricular CSF on neural stem cells in adulthood, based on the literature, describing bulging accumulations of subventricular cells where CSF is in direct contact with the subventricular zone. Here, we show by immunohistochemistry on post-mortem adult human subventricular zone sections that neural stem cells are in close contact with CSF via protrusions through both intact and incomplete ependymal layers. We are the first to systematically quantify subventricular glial nodules denuded of ependyma and consisting of proliferating neural stem and progenitor cells, and showed that they are present from foetal age until adulthood. Neurosphere, cell motility and differentiation assays as well as analyses of RNA expression were used to assess the effects of CSF of adult humans on primary neural stem cells and a human immortalized neural stem cell line. We show that human ventricular CSF increases proliferation and decreases motility of neural stem cells. Our results also indicate that adult CSF pushes neural stem cells from a relative quiescent to a more active state and promotes neuronal over astrocytic lineage differentiation. Thus, CSF continues to stimulate neural stem cells throughout aging.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2632-1297
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa150
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3020013-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Irradiation of the subventricular zone and subgranular zone in high- and low-grade glioma patients: an atlas-based analysis on overall survival
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Neuro-Oncology Advances Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01)
    Details
    In: Neuro-Oncology Advances, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01)
    Abstract: Neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) are hypothesized to support growth of glioma. Therefore, irradiation of the SVZ and SGZ might reduce tumor growth and might improve overall survival (OS). However, it may also inhibit the repair capacity of brain tissue. The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to assess the impact of SVZ and SGZ radiotherapy doses on OS of patients with high-grade (HGG) or low-grade (LGG) glioma. Methods We included 273 glioma patients who received radiotherapy. We created an SVZ atlas, shared openly with this work, while SGZ labels were taken from the CoBrA atlas. Next, SVZ and SGZ regions were automatically delineated on T1 MR images. Dose and OS correlations were investigated with Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results Cox regression analyses showed significant hazard ratios for SVZ dose (univariate: 1.029/Gy, P & lt; .001; multivariate: 1.103/Gy, P = .002) and SGZ dose (univariate: 1.023/Gy, P & lt; .001; multivariate: 1.055/Gy, P & lt; .001) in HGG patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significant correlations between OS and high-/low-dose groups for HGG patients (SVZ: respectively 10.7 months ( & gt;30.33 Gy) vs 14.0 months ( & lt;30.33 Gy) median OS, P = .011; SGZ: respectively 10.7 months ( & gt;29.11 Gy) vs 15.5 months ( & lt;29.11 Gy) median OS, P & lt; .001). No correlations between dose and OS were found for LGG patients. Conclusion Irradiation doses on neurogenic areas correlate negatively with OS in patients with HGG. Whether sparing of the SVZ and SGZ during radiotherapy improves OS, should be subject of prospective studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2632-2498
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab193
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3009682-0
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