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  • 1
    In: Molecular Imaging and Biology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2023-06), p. 483-494
    Abstract: The current study explored the association between 2-[ 18 F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([ 18 F]FDG) uptake and the quantitative expression of immunohistochemical markers related to glucose metabolism, hypoxia, and cell proliferation in benign and malignant thyroid nodules of indeterminate cytology. Procedures Using a case–control design, 24 patients were selected from participants of a randomized controlled multicenter trial (NCT02208544) in which [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT and thyroid surgery were performed for Bethesda III and IV nodules. Three equally sized groups of [ 18 F]FDG-positive malignant, [ 18 F]FDG-positive benign, and [ 18 F]FDG-negative benign nodules were included. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for glucose transporters (GLUT) 1, 3, and 4; hexokinases (HK) 1 and 2; hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1α; monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4); carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); sodium-iodide symporter (NIS); and Ki-67. Marker expression was scored using an immunoreactive score. Unsupervised cluster analysis was performed. The immunoreactive score was correlated to the maximum and peak standardized uptake values (SUV max , SUV peak ) and SUV max ratio (SUV max of nodule/background SUV max of contralateral, normal thyroid) of the [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and compared between the three groups using Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results The expression of GLUT1, GLUT3, HK2, and MCT4 was strongly positively correlated with the SUV max , SUV peak , and SUV max ratio. The expression of GLUT1 ( p  = 0.009), HK2 ( p  = 0.02), MCT4 ( p  = 0.01), and VEGF ( p  = 0.007) was statistically significantly different between [ 18 F]FDG-positive benign nodules, [ 18 F]FDG-positive thyroid carcinomas, and [ 18 F]FDG-negative benign nodules. In both [ 18 F]FDG-positive benign nodules and [ 18 F]FDG-positive thyroid carcinomas, the expression of GLUT1, HK2, and MCT4 was increased as compared to [ 18 F]FDG-negative benign nodules. VEGF expression was higher in [ 18 F]FDG-positive thyroid carcinomas as compared to [ 18 F]FDG-negative and [ 18 F]FDG-positive benign nodules. Conclusions Our results suggest that [ 18 F]FDG-positive benign thyroid nodules undergo changes in protein expression similar to those in thyroid carcinomas. To expand the understanding of the metabolic changes in benign and malignant thyroid nodules, further research is required, including correlation with underlying genetic alterations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1536-1632 , 1860-2002
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
    In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 49, No. 10 ( 2022-08), p. 3452-3469
    Abstract: To evaluate cost-effectiveness of an [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT-driven diagnostic workup as compared to diagnostic surgery, for thyroid nodules with Bethesda III/IV cytology. [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT avoids 40% of futile diagnostic surgeries for benign Bethesda III/IV nodules. Methods Lifelong societal costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were assessed for 132 patients participating in a randomised controlled multicentre trial comparing [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT to diagnostic surgery. The observed 1-year trial results were extrapolated using a Markov model. The probability of cost-effectiveness was estimated using cost-effectiveness acceptability curves, taking uncertainty about sampling, imputation, and parameters into account. Results The observed 1-year cost difference of [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT as compared to diagnostic surgery was − €1000 (95% CI: − €2100 to €0) for thyroid nodule–related care (p = 0.06). From the broader societal perspective, the 1-year difference in total societal costs was − €4500 (− €9200 to €150) (p = 0.06). Over the modelled lifelong period, the cost difference was − €9900 (− €23,100 to €3200) (p = 0.14). The difference in QALYs was 0.019 (− 0.045 to 0.083) at 1 year (p = 0.57) and 0.402 (− 0.581 to 1.385) over the lifelong period (p = 0.42). For a willingness to pay of €50,000 per QALY, an [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT-driven work-up was the cost-effective strategy with 84% certainty. Conclusion Following the observed reduction in diagnostic surgery, an [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT-driven diagnostic workup reduced the 1-year thyroid nodule–related and societal costs while sustaining quality of life. It is very likely cost-effective as compared to diagnostic surgery for Bethesda III/IV nodules. Trial registration number: This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02208544 (5 August 2014), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02208544 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1619-7070 , 1619-7089
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098375-X
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  • 3
    In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 49, No. 6 ( 2022-05), p. 1970-1984
    Abstract: To assess the impact of an [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT-driven diagnostic workup to rule out malignancy, avoid futile diagnostic surgeries, and improve patient outcomes in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology. Methods In this double-blinded, randomised controlled multicentre trial, 132 adult euthyroid patients with scheduled diagnostic surgery for a Bethesda III or IV thyroid nodule underwent [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT and were randomised to an [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT-driven or diagnostic surgery group. In the [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT-driven group, management was based on the [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT result: when the index nodule was visually [ 18 F]FDG-positive, diagnostic surgery was advised; when [ 18 F]FDG-negative, active surveillance was recommended. The nodule was presumed benign when it remained unchanged on ultrasound surveillance. In the diagnostic surgery group, all patients were advised to proceed to the scheduled surgery, according to current guidelines. The primary outcome was the fraction of unbeneficial patient management in one year, i.e., diagnostic surgery for benign nodules and active surveillance for malignant/borderline nodules. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Subgroup analyses were performed for non-Hürthle cell and Hürthle cell nodules. Results Patient management was unbeneficial in 42% (38/91 [95% confidence interval [CI], 32–53%] ) of patients in the [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT-driven group, as compared to 83% (34/41 [95% CI, 68–93%] ) in the diagnostic surgery group ( p   〈  0.001). [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT-driven management avoided 40% (25/63 [95% CI, 28–53%] ) diagnostic surgeries for benign nodules: 48% (23/48 [95% CI, 33–63%]) in non-Hürthle cell and 13% (2/15 [95% CI, 2–40%] ) in Hürthle cell nodules ( p  = 0.02). No malignant or borderline tumours were observed in patients under surveillance. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value, and benign call rate (95% CI) of [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT were 94.1% (80.3–99.3%), 39.8% (30.0–50.2%), 95.1% (83.5–99.4%), 35.2% (25.4–45.9%), and 31.1% (23.3–39.7%), respectively. Conclusion An [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT-driven diagnostic workup of indeterminate thyroid nodules leads to practice changing management, accurately and oncologically safely reducing futile surgeries by 40%. For optimal therapeutic yield, application should be limited to non-Hürthle cell nodules. Trial registration number This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02208544 (5 August 2014), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02208544 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1619-7070 , 1619-7089
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
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    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2002
    In:  European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2002-6), p. 768-774
    In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2002-6), p. 768-774
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1619-7070 , 1619-7089
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2002
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  • 5
    In: Insights into Imaging, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-10-04)
    Abstract: Lesion/tissue segmentation on digital medical images enables biomarker extraction, image-guided therapy delivery, treatment response measurement, and training/validation for developing artificial intelligence algorithms and workflows. To ensure data reproducibility, criteria for standardised segmentation are critical but currently unavailable. Methods A modified Delphi process initiated by the European Imaging Biomarker Alliance (EIBALL) of the European Society of Radiology (ESR) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Imaging Group was undertaken. Three multidisciplinary task forces addressed modality and image acquisition, segmentation methodology itself, and standards and logistics. Devised survey questions were fed via a facilitator to expert participants. The 58 respondents to Round 1 were invited to participate in Rounds 2–4. Subsequent rounds were informed by responses of previous rounds. Results/conclusions Items with ≥ 75% consensus are considered a recommendation. These include system performance certification, thresholds for image signal-to-noise, contrast-to-noise and tumour-to-background ratios, spatial resolution, and artefact levels. Direct, iterative, and machine or deep learning reconstruction methods, use of a mixture of CE marked and verified research tools were agreed and use of specified reference standards and validation processes considered essential. Operator training and refreshment were considered mandatory for clinical trials and clinical research. Items with a 60–74% agreement require reporting (site-specific accreditation for clinical research, minimal pixel number within lesion segmented, use of post-reconstruction algorithms, operator training refreshment for clinical practice). Items with ≤ 60% agreement are outside current recommendations for segmentation (frequency of system performance tests, use of only CE-marked tools, board certification of operators, frequency of operator refresher training). Recommendations by anatomical area are also specified.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1869-4101
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
    In: European Radiology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 31, No. 8 ( 2021-08), p. 6001-6012
    Abstract: Existing quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs) are associated with known biological tissue characteristics and follow a well-understood path of technical, biological and clinical validation before incorporation into clinical trials. In radiomics, novel data-driven processes extract numerous visually imperceptible statistical features from the imaging data with no a priori assumptions on their correlation with biological processes. The selection of relevant features (radiomic signature) and incorporation into clinical trials therefore requires additional considerations to ensure meaningful imaging endpoints. Also, the number of radiomic features tested means that power calculations would result in sample sizes impossible to achieve within clinical trials. This article examines how the process of standardising and validating data-driven imaging biomarkers differs from those based on biological associations. Radiomic signatures are best developed initially on datasets that represent diversity of acquisition protocols as well as diversity of disease and of normal findings, rather than within clinical trials with standardised and optimised protocols as this would risk the selection of radiomic features being linked to the imaging process rather than the pathology. Normalisation through discretisation and feature harmonisation are essential pre-processing steps. Biological correlation may be performed after the technical and clinical validity of a radiomic signature is established, but is not mandatory. Feature selection may be part of discovery within a radiomics-specific trial or represent exploratory endpoints within an established trial; a previously validated radiomic signature may even be used as a primary/secondary endpoint, particularly if associations are demonstrated with specific biological processes and pathways being targeted within clinical trials. Key Points • Data-driven processes like radiomics risk false discoveries due to high-dimensionality of the dataset compared to sample size, making adequate diversity of the data, cross-validation and external validation essential to mitigate the risks of spurious associations and overfitting. • Use of radiomic signatures within clinical trials requires multistep standardisation of image acquisition, image analysis and data mining processes. • Biological correlation may be established after clinical validation but is not mandatory.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0938-7994 , 1432-1084
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
    In: European Radiology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 31, No. 8 ( 2021-08), p. 6408-6409
    Abstract: A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s00330-021-07721-3
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0938-7994 , 1432-1084
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 75, No. 9_Supplement ( 2015-05-01), p. OT3-2-01-OT3-2-01
    Abstract: Background: Therapy of newly identified MBC is largely based on estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. Optimal receptor information should be up-to-date and preferably from the whole body, given receptor conversion over time and intra-patient tumor heterogeneity. Novel molecular imaging by means of 18F-fluoroestradiol (FES)- and 89Zr-trastuzumab-PET/CT is a non-invasive, patient friendly way to obtain such information. Comprehensive prospective data comparing novel molecular imaging, metastasis biopsy and blood biomarkers, are needed to assess clinical utility for optimal therapy guidance and response prediction. Trial design: The IMPACT-MBC trial (NCT01957332), is a multicenter prospective cohort study, supported by the Dutch Cancer Society-Alpe d’HuZes, in which n=200 newly diagnosed MBC patients will be entered. Prior to start of treatment patients will undergo i) standard MBC work up including bone scan, diagnostic CT and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)-PET/CT, ii) a metastasis biopsy, for standard (immuno)pathology and DNA sequencing, iii) 18F-FES- and 89Zr-trastuzumab-PET/CT to assess whole-body metastatic ER and HER2 status, and iv) blood sampling (CTCs, ctDNA, germline DNA, 89Zr-radioactivity measurements). Treatment advice will be based on standard work up and experimental PET scans. Tumor response is assessed by a 2 week 18F-FDG-PET/CT (experimental) and an 8 week diagnostic CT (standard; primary outcome). Eligibility criteria: All newly diagnosed non-rapidly progressive MBC patients with measurable or clinical evaluable (bone only) disease can be enrolled, regardless of primary tumor ER and HER2 status. Patients should be eligible for systemic therapy, but not require immediate start of chemotherapy. A histological biopsy of a metastatic lesion should be safely obtainable. Excluded are pregnant or lactating women and patients with a prior allergic reaction to immunoglobulins. Specific aims: i) To assess the (added) clinical utility of 18F-FES- and 89Zr-trastuzumab-PET/CT, in the setting of MBC at first presentation, in relation to other diagnostics, ii) to assess the relation of experimental 18F-FES-, 89Zr-trastuzumab- and 2 week 18F-FDG-PET/CT with (progression free) survival and iii) to assess the cost-effectiveness of the experimental PET/CT scans. Statistical methods: IMPACT-MBC aims to model the predictive value of several tests (novel molecular imaging, biopsy and blood biomarkers) in combination, by means of multivariable regression-model based techniques, combined with state-of-the-art methods for estimating the added value of novel tests to existing information (e.g. NRI, IDI). All these analyses will be employed both on (predicting responsiveness on) a patient- and metastasis level. Present accrual and target accrual: The IMPACT-MBC trial was opened for accrual at the University Medical Center (UMC) Groningen, in August 2013. Accrual rate is as anticipated 2-3 patients/month/center. The two other participating centers, Radboud MC Nijmegen and VUmc Amsterdam recently opened. It is anticipated that accrual of patients will be finalized in 2016. Citation Format: Frederike Bensch, Adrienne Brouwers, Andor Glaudemans, Johan de Jong, Erik de Vries, Winette van de Graaf, Eline Boon, Wim Oyen, Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei, Eric Visser, Erik van Helden, Willemien Menke-van der Hoeven van Oordt, Henk Verheul, Otto Hoekstra, Jim Janssen, Marc Huisman, Sjoerd Elias, Carl Moons, Liesbeth de Vries, Carolien Schröder. IMPACT: IMaging PAtients for Cancer drug selecTion – Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr OT3-2-01.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 9
    In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 49, No. 7 ( 2022-06), p. 2174-2188
    Abstract: To evaluate whether quantitative [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT assessment, including radiomic analysis of [ 18 F]FDG-positive thyroid nodules, improved the preoperative differentiation of indeterminate thyroid nodules of non-Hürthle cell and Hürthle cell cytology. Methods Prospectively included patients with a Bethesda III or IV thyroid nodule underwent [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT imaging. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for standardised uptake values (SUV) and SUV-ratios, including assessment of SUV cut-offs at which a malignant/borderline neoplasm was reliably ruled out (≥ 95% sensitivity). [ 18 F]FDG-positive scans were included in radiomic analysis. After segmentation at 50% of SUV peak , 107 radiomic features were extracted from [ 18 F]FDG-PET and low-dose CT images. Elastic net regression classifiers were trained in a 20-times repeated random split. Dimensionality reduction was incorporated into the splits. Predictive performance of radiomics was presented as mean area under the ROC curve (AUC) across the test sets. Results Of 123 included patients, 84 (68%) index nodules were visually [ 18 F]FDG-positive. The malignant/borderline rate was 27% (33/123). SUV-metrices showed AUCs ranging from 0.705 (95% CI, 0.601–0.810) to 0.729 (0.633–0.824), 0.708 (0.580–0.835) to 0.757 (0.650–0.864), and 0.533 (0.320–0.747) to 0.700 (0.502–0.898) in all ( n  = 123), non-Hürthle ( n  = 94), and Hürthle cell ( n  = 29) nodules, respectively. At SUV max , SUV peak , SUV max -ratio, and SUV peak -ratio cut-offs of 2.1 g/mL, 1.6 g/mL, 1.2, and 0.9, respectively, sensitivity of [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT was 95.8% (95% CI, 78.9–99.9%) in non-Hürthle cell nodules. In Hürthle cell nodules, cut-offs of 5.2 g/mL, 4.7 g/mL, 3.4, and 2.8, respectively, resulted in 100% sensitivity (95% CI, 66.4–100%). Radiomic analysis of 84 (68%) [ 18 F]FDG-positive nodules showed a mean test set AUC of 0.445 (95% CI, 0.290–0.600) for the PET model. Conclusion Quantitative [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT assessment ruled out malignancy in indeterminate thyroid nodules. Distinctive, higher SUV cut-offs should be applied in Hürthle cell nodules to optimize rule-out ability. Radiomic analysis did not contribute to the additional differentiation of [ 18 F]FDG-positive nodules. Trial registration number This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02208544 (5 August 2014), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02208544 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1619-7070 , 1619-7089
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098375-X
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  • 10
    In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 22, No. 7 ( 2020-07)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1388-0764 , 1572-896X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
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    SSG: 12
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