In:
Advances in Meteorology, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2020 ( 2020-03-20), p. 1-13
Abstract:
Rice panicle temperature ( T p ) is a key factor for studying high temperature impacts on spikelet sterility. Comparing with measuring T p by hand, a T p simulation model could obtain T p data readily. The two-layer energy budget model which divides the soil layer and canopy layer was widely used to predict rice canopy temperature ( T c ), but panicle existed mostly in the upper layer canopy, and we have proved that T c was different from the upper layer canopy temperature ( T c 1 ), and the upper layer must be separated from the whole canopy for the purpose of estimating T p . Thus, we developed the three-layer model, contained upper canopy layer with panicle (50–100 cm), lower rice canopy layer (10–40 cm), and water surface layer (≤10 cm) to estimate T p with general meteorological and vegetation growth data. There were two steps to estimate T p . The first step was calculating T c 1 and lower layer canopy temperature ( T c 2 ) by solving heat balance equations with canopy resistances. And the second step was estimating T p with following parameters: (a) the inclination factors of leaves and panicles ( F 1 , F 2 , and F p ) which were decided by fitting the calculated transmissivity of downward solar radiation (TDSR) to the measured TDSR, (b) the aerodynamic resistance between the panicle and atmosphere ( r ap ) denoted by wind speed, (c) the panicle resistance for transpiration ( r p ) denoted by days after heading, and (d) air temperature and humidity at the panicle’s height ( T ac 1 and e ac 1 ) calculated from the resistances of the pathways of sensible and latent heat fluxes in accordance with Ohm’s law. The model simulated fairly well the T c 1 , T c 2 , and T p with root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 0.76°C, 0.75°C, and 0.81°C, respectively, where RMSE of measured T p and predicted T p by integrated micrometeorology model for panicle and canopy temperature (IM 2 PACT) including two-layer model was 1.27°C. This model was validated well by two other rice cultivars, and thus, it demonstrated the three-layer model was a new feasible way to estimate T p .
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1687-9309
,
1687-9317
DOI:
10.1155/2020/6468909
Language:
English
Publisher:
Hindawi Limited
Publication Date:
2020
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2486777-9
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