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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Attribution of recovery in lower-stratospheric ozone
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 111, No. D17 ( 2006)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 111, No. D17 ( 2006)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2005JD006371
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 2
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    Ground-based assessment of the bias and long-term stability of 14 limb and occultation ozone profile data records
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2016-06-08), p. 2497-2534
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2016-06-08), p. 2497-2534
    Abstract: Abstract. The ozone profile records of a large number of limb and occultation satellite instruments are widely used to address several key questions in ozone research. Further progress in some domains depends on a more detailed understanding of these data sets, especially of their long-term stability and their mutual consistency. To this end, we made a systematic assessment of 14 limb and occultation sounders that, together, provide more than three decades of global ozone profile measurements. In particular, we considered the latest operational Level-2 records by SAGE II, SAGE III, HALOE, UARS MLS, Aura MLS, POAM II, POAM III, OSIRIS, SMR, GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS and MAESTRO. Central to our work is a consistent and robust analysis of the comparisons against the ground-based ozonesonde and stratospheric ozone lidar networks. It allowed us to investigate, from the troposphere up to the stratopause, the following main aspects of satellite data quality: long-term stability, overall bias and short-term variability, together with their dependence on geophysical parameters and profile representation. In addition, it permitted us to quantify the overall consistency between the ozone profilers. Generally, we found that between 20 and 40 km the satellite ozone measurement biases are smaller than ±5 %, the short-term variabilities are less than 5–12 % and the drifts are at most ±5 % decade−1 (or even ±3 % decade−1 for a few records). The agreement with ground-based data degrades somewhat towards the stratopause and especially towards the tropopause where natural variability and low ozone abundances impede a more precise analysis. In part of the stratosphere a few records deviate from the preceding general conclusions; we identified biases of 10 % and more (POAM II and SCIAMACHY), markedly higher single-profile variability (SMR and SCIAMACHY) and significant long-term drifts (SCIAMACHY, OSIRIS, HALOE and possibly GOMOS and SMR as well). Furthermore, we reflected on the repercussions of our findings for the construction, analysis and interpretation of merged data records. Most notably, the discrepancies between several recent ozone profile trend assessments can be mostly explained by instrumental drift. This clearly demonstrates the need for systematic comprehensive multi-instrument comparison analyses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-2497-2016
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-2497-2016-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 3
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    The SPARC water vapour assessment II: profile-to-profile comparisons of stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour data sets obtained from satellites
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2019
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2019-05-10), p. 2693-2732
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2019-05-10), p. 2693-2732
    Abstract: Abstract. Within the framework of the second SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate) water vapour assessment (WAVAS-II), profile-to-profile comparisons of stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour were performed by considering 33 data sets derived from satellite observations of 15 different instruments. These comparisons aimed to provide a picture of the typical biases and drifts in the observational database and to identify data-set-specific problems. The observational database typically exhibits the largest biases below 70 hPa, both in absolute and relative terms. The smallest biases are often found between 50 and 5 hPa. Typically, they range from 0.25 to 0.5 ppmv (5 % to 10 %) in this altitude region, based on the 50 % percentile over the different comparison results. Higher up, the biases increase with altitude overall but this general behaviour is accompanied by considerable variations. Characteristic values vary between 0.3 and 1 ppmv (4 % to 20 %). Obvious data-set-specific bias issues are found for a number of data sets. In our work we performed a drift analysis for data sets overlapping for a period of at least 36 months. This assessment shows a wide range of drifts among the different data sets that are statistically significant at the 2σ uncertainty level. In general, the smallest drifts are found in the altitude range between about 30 and 10 hPa. Histograms considering results from all altitudes indicate the largest occurrence for drifts between 0.05 and 0.3 ppmv decade−1. Comparisons of our drift estimates to those derived from comparisons of zonal mean time series only exhibit statistically significant differences in slightly more than 3 % of the comparisons. Hence, drift estimates from profile-to-profile and zonal mean time series comparisons are largely interchangeable. As for the biases, a number of data sets exhibit prominent drift issues. In our analyses we found that the large number of MIPAS data sets included in the assessment affects our general results as well as the bias summaries we provide for the individual data sets. This is because these data sets exhibit a relative similarity with respect to the remaining data sets, despite the fact that they are based on different measurement modes and different processors implementing different retrieval choices. Because of that, we have by default considered an aggregation of the comparison results obtained from MIPAS data sets. Results without this aggregation are provided on multiple occasions to characterise the effects due to the numerous MIPAS data sets. Among other effects, they cause a reduction of the typical biases in the observational database.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-12-2693-2019
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-12-2693-2019-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 4
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    Seasonal ozone variations in the isentropic layer between 330 and 380 K as observed by SAGE II: Implications of extratropical cross‐tropopause transport
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 103, No. D22 ( 1998-11-27), p. 28647-28659
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 103, No. D22 ( 1998-11-27), p. 28647-28659
    Abstract: To provide observational evidence on the extratropical cross‐tropopause transport between the stratosphere and the troposphere via quasi‐isentropic processes in the middleworld (the part of the atmosphere in which the isentropic surfaces intersect the tropopause), this report presents an analysis of the seasonal variations of the ozone latitudinal distribution in the isentropic layer between 330 K and 380 K based on the measurements from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II. The results from SAGE II data analysis are consistent with (1) the buildup of ozone‐rich air in the extratropical middleworld through the large‐scale descending mass circulation during winter, (2) the spread of ozone‐rich air in the isentropic layer from midlatitudes to subtropics via quasi‐isentropic transport during spring, (3) significant photochemical ozone removal and the absence of an ozone‐rich supply of air to the layer during summer, and (4) air mass exchange between the subtropics and the extratropics during the summer monsoon period. Thus the SAGE II observed ozone seasonal variations in the middle‐world are consistent with the existing model calculated annual cycle of the diabatic circulation as well as the conceptual role of the eddy quasi‐adiabatic transport in the stratosphere‐troposphere exchange reported in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/98JD02797
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1998
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  • 5
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    Trends in the Vertical Distribution of Ozone
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 1999
    In:  Science Vol. 285, No. 5434 ( 1999-09-10), p. 1689-1692
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 285, No. 5434 ( 1999-09-10), p. 1689-1692
    Abstract: Analyses of satellite, ground-based, and balloon measurements allow updated estimates of trends in the vertical profile of ozone since 1979. The results show overall consistency among several independent measurement systems, particularly for northern hemisphere midlatitudes where most balloon and ground-based measurements are made. Combined trend estimates over these latitudes for the period 1979–96 show statistically significant negative trends at all altitudes between 10 and 45 km, with two local extremes: −7.4 ± 2.0% per decade at 40 km and −7.3 ± 4.6% per decade at 15 km altitude. There is a strong seasonal variation in trends over northern midlatitudes in the altitude range of 10 to 18 km, with the largest ozone loss during winter and spring. The profile trends are in quantitative agreement with independently measured trends in column ozone, the amount of ozone in a column above the surface. The vertical profiles of ozone trends provide a fingerprint for the mechanisms of ozone depletion over the last two decades.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5434.1689
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 6
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    Validation of ACE-FTS version 3.5 NO〈sub〉〈i〉y〈/i〉〈/sub〉 species profiles using correlative satellite measurements
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2016-12-05), p. 5781-5810
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2016-12-05), p. 5781-5810
    Abstract: Abstract. The ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment – Fourier Transform Spectrometer) instrument on the Canadian SCISAT satellite, which has been in operation for over 12 years, has the capability of deriving stratospheric profiles of many of the NOy (N + NO + NO2+ NO3+ 2  ×  N2O5+ HNO3+ HNO4+ ClONO2+ BrONO2) species. Version 2.2 of ACE-FTS NO, NO2, HNO3, N2O5, and ClONO2 has previously been validated, and this study compares the most recent version (v3.5) of these five ACE-FTS products to spatially and temporally coincident measurements from other satellite instruments – GOMOS, HALOE, MAESTRO, MIPAS, MLS, OSIRIS, POAM III, SAGE III, SCIAMACHY, SMILES, and SMR. For each ACE-FTS measurement, a photochemical box model was used to simulate the diurnal variations of the NOy species and the ACE-FTS measurements were scaled to the local times of the coincident measurements. The comparisons for all five species show good agreement with correlative satellite measurements. For NO in the altitude range of 25–50 km, ACE-FTS typically agrees with correlative data to within −10 %. Instrument-averaged mean relative differences are approximately −10 % at 30–40 km for NO2, within ±7 % at 8–30 km for HNO3, better than −7 % at 21–34 km for local morning N2O5, and better than −8 % at 21–34 km for ClONO2. Where possible, the variations in the mean differences due to changes in the comparison local time and latitude are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-5781-2016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 7
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    Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II measurements of the quasi‐biennial oscillations in ozone and nitrogen dioxide
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1991
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 96, No. D5 ( 1991-05-20), p. 9371-9377
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 96, No. D5 ( 1991-05-20), p. 9371-9377
    Abstract: The first measurements ever to show a quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in NO 2 have been made by the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) and are presented in this work along with observations of the well‐known QBO in stratospheric ozone. The SAGE II instrument was launched aboard the Earth Radiation Budget satellite near the end of 1984. Measurements of ozone and nitrogen dioxide through early 1990 are analyzed for the presence of a quasi‐biennial oscillation. The measurements show the global extent of both the O 3 and NO 2 QBO in the 25‐ to 40‐km region of the stratosphere. The SAGE II QBO results for ozone compare favorably to theory and previous measurements. The QBO in NO 2 is found to be consistent with the vertical and horizontal transport of NO y . Both species exhibit a QBO at extratropical latitudes consistent with strong meridional transport into the winter hemisphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/91JD00517
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1991
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  • 8
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    Upper‐stratospheric ozone trends 1979–1998
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2000
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 105, No. D11 ( 2000-06-16), p. 14625-14636
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 105, No. D11 ( 2000-06-16), p. 14625-14636
    Abstract: Extensive analyses of ozone observations between 1978 and 1998 measured by Dobson Umkehr, Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) I and II, and Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) and (SBUV)/2 indicate continued significant ozone decline throughout the extratropical upper stratosphere from 30–45 km altitude. The maximum annual linear decline of −0.8±0.2 % yr −1 (2σ) occurs at 40 km and is well described in terms of a linear decline modulated by the 11‐year solar variation. The minimum decline of −0.1±0.1% yr −1 (2σ) occurs at 25 km in midlatitudes, with remarkable symmetry between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres at 40 km altitude. Midlatitude upper‐stratospheric zonal trends exhibit significant seasonal variation (±30% in the Northern Hemisphere, ±40% in the Southern Hemisphere) with the most negative trends of −1.2% yr −1 occurring in the winter. Significant seasonal trends of −0.7 to −0.9% yr −1 occur at 40 km in the tropics between April and September. Subjecting the statistical models used to calculate the ozone trends to intercomparison tests on a variety of common data sets yields results that indicate the standard deviation between trends estimated by 10 different statistical models is less than 0.1% yr −1 in the annual‐mean trend for SAGE data and less than 0.2% yr −1 in the most demanding conditions (seasons with irregular, sparse data) [ World Meteorological Organization (WMO) , 1998]. These consistent trend results between statistical models together with extensive consistency between the independent measurement‐system trend observations by Dobson Umkehr, SAGE I and II, and SBUV and SBUV/2 provide a high degree of confidence in the accuracy of the declining ozone amounts reported here. Additional details of ozone trend results from 1978 to 1996 (2 years shorter than reported here) along with lower‐stratospheric and tropospheric ozone trends, extensive intercomparisons to assess relative instrument drifts, and retrieval algorithm details are given by WMO [1998].
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2000JD900037
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2000
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  • 9
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    Seasonal variation of water vapor in the lower stratosphere observed in Halogen Occultation Experiment data
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 106, No. D13 ( 2001-07-16), p. 14313-14325
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 106, No. D13 ( 2001-07-16), p. 14313-14325
    Abstract: The seasonal cycle of water vapor in the lower stratosphere is studied based on Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) satellite observations spanning 1991–2000. The seasonal cycle highlights fast, quasi‐horizontal transport between tropics and midlatitudes in the lowermost stratosphere (near isentropic levels ∼380–420 K), in addition to vertical propagation above the equator (the tropical “tape recorder”). The rapid isentropic transport out of the tropics produces a layer of relatively dry air over most of the globe throughout the year, and the seasonal cycle in midlatitudes of both hemispheres (and over the Arctic pole) follows that in the tropics. Additionally, the Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon has a dominant influence on hemispheric‐scale constituent transport. Longitudinal structures in tropical water vapor and ozone identify regions of strong coupling to the troposphere; an intriguing result is that the solstice minima in water vapor and ozone are spatial separated from maximum convection and coldest tropical temperatures. Detailed comparisons with tropical aircraft measurements and the long record of balloon data from Boulder, Colorado, demonstrate the overall high quality of HALOE water vapor data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2001JD900048
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 10
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    SAGE III solar ozone measurements: Initial results
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2006
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 2006)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 2006)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2005GL025099
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2006
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