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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Differential Expression Pattern of Goat Uterine Fluids Extracellular Vesicles miRNAs during Peri-Implantation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cells Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2021-09-03), p. 2308-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2021-09-03), p. 2308-
    Abstract: Early pregnancy failure occurs when a mature embryo attaches to an unreceptive endometrium. During the formation of a receptive endometrium, extracellular vesicles (EVs) of the uterine fluids (UFs) deliver regulatory molecules such as small RNAs to mediate intrauterine communication between the embryo and the endometrium. However, profiling of small RNAs in goat UFs’ EVs during pregnancy recognition (day 16) has not been carried out. In this study, EVs were isolated from UFs on day 16 of the estrous cycle or gestation. They were isolated by Optiprep™ Density G radient (ODG) and verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blotting. Immunostaining demonstrated that CD63 was present both in the endometrial epithelium and glandular epithelium, and stain intensity was greater in the pregnant endometrium compared to the non-pregnant endometrium. Small RNA sequencing revealed that UFs’ EVs contained numerous sRNA families and a total of 106 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Additionally, 1867 target genes of the DEMs were obtained, and miRNA–mRNA interaction networks were constructed. GO and KEGG analysis showed that miRNAs were significantly associated with the formation of a receptive endometrium and embryo implantation. In addition, the fluorescence in situ hybridization assay (FISH) showed that chi-miR-451-5p was mainly expressed in stromal cells of the endometrium and a higher level was detected in the endometrial luminal epithelium in pregnant states. Moreover, the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that chi-miR-451-5p directly binds to PSMB8 and may play an important role in the formation of a receptive endometrium and embryo implantation. In conclusion, these results reveal that UFs’ EVs contain various small RNAs that may be vital in the formation of a receptive endometrium and embryo implantation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells10092308
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 2
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    Interaction between Microbes and Host in Sow Vaginas in Early Pregnancy
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2023
    In:  mSystems Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2023-04-27)
    Details
    In: mSystems, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2023-04-27)
    Abstract: Extensive research has explored the causes of embryo losses during early pregnancy by analyzing interaction mechanisms in sows’ uterus, ignoring the importance of the lower reproductive tract in pregnancy development regulation. Despite recent progress in understanding the diversity of vaginal microbes under different physiological states, the dynamic of sows’ vaginal microbiotas during pregnancy and the interaction between vaginal microbes and the host are poorly understood. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of sows’ vaginal microbial communities in early pregnancy coupled with overall patterns of vaginal mucosal epithelium gene expression. The vaginal microbiota was analyzed by 16s rRNA or metagenome sequencing, and the vaginal mucosal epithelium transcriptome was analyzed by RNA sequencing, followed by integration of the data layers. We found that the sows’ vaginal microbiotas in early pregnancy develop dynamically, and there is a homeostasis balance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria . Subsequently, we identified two pregnancy-specific communities, which play diverse roles. The microbes in the vagina stimulate the epithelial cells, while vaginal epithelium changes its structure and functions in response to stimulation. These changes produce specific inflammation responses to promote pregnancy development. Our findings demonstrate the interaction between microbes and host in the sow vagina in early pregnancy to promote pregnancy development, meanwhile providing a reference data set for the study of targeted therapies of microbial homeostasis dysregulation in the female reproductive tract. IMPORTANCE This work sheds light on the dynamics of the sow vaginal microbiotas in early pregnancy and its roles in pregnancy development. Furthermore, this study provides insight into the functional mechanisms of reproductive tract microbes by outlining vaginal microbe-host interactions, which might identify new research and intervention targets for improving pregnancy development by modulating lower reproductive tract microbiota.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2379-5077
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01192-22
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2844333-0
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  • 3
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    Relationship Between Asexual Reproduction of Aurelia coerulea Polyps and Jellyfish Blooms Under the Influence of Temperature Dynamics in Winter and Spring
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-6-13)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-6-13)
    Abstract: Aurelia coerulea , a type of scyphozoan jellyfish, has massively appeared in the coastal waters of China in recent years and caused great damage, but the asexual reproduction of A. coerulea polyp predicted by local temperature could not correspond well to the field abundance of jellyfish in summer. To understand the influence of winter and spring conditions on the reproductive process and to provide the basis for jellyfish population prediction, A. coerulea polyps, originally reared from planula larvae of medusae collected from Jiaozhou Bay (120.2°E, 36.1°N), were investigated at orthometric 3 overwintering temperatures (2, 5, and 8°C), 3 spring warming speeds (1°C increment every 5 days, 7.5 days, and 10 days), and 3 feeding frequencies (once per 9 days, 6 days, and 3 days), representing the range of environment conditions in winter and spring where they exist. Polyps had earlier strobilation, higher strobilation frequency, and more ephyra and bud production during warmer winter, but had intensive strobilation after colder winter when the temperature began to rise in spring. When warming speed was fast in spring, the percentage of the first strobilation was higher and ephyrae were released more intensively. However, when warming speed was slow in spring, the polyp could conduct secondary strobilation, resulting in higher strobilation frequency and more ephyrae with a longer period. High feeding frequency helped polyps accumulate more energy and promote asexual reproduction, especially beneficial to the second strobilation. This experiment shows that winter and spring temperature in addition to food availability has a significant effect on the asexual reproduction of polyp. However, these may not be only factors necessarily lead to jellyfish outbreaks in the natural environment. In the context of global warming, whether reproduction of polyps will eventually lead to the outbreak of jellyfish needs to be multifacetedly analyzed based on the complex situation in the field, such as the concentration and timing of jellyfish appearance, and their interactions with other species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.888656
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Differential MicroRNA Expression Involved in Endometrial Receptivity of Goats
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2021-03-22), p. 472-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2021-03-22), p. 472-
    Abstract: Endometrial receptivity represents one of the leading factors affecting the successful implantation of embryos during early pregnancy. However, the mechanism of microRNAs (miRNAs) to establish goat endometrial receptivity remains unclear. This study was intended to identify potential miRNAs and regulatory mechanisms associated with establishing endometrial receptivity through integrating bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification. MiRNA expression profiles were obtained by high-throughput sequencing, resulting in the detection of 33 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), followed by their validation through quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, 10 potential transcription factors (TFs) and 1316 target genes of these DEMs were obtained, and the TF–miRNA and miRNA–mRNA interaction networks were constructed. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that these miRNAs were significantly linked to establishing endometrial receptivity. Moreover, the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, dual-luciferase report assay, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis corroborated that chi-miR-483 could directly bind to deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 3L (DTX3L) to reduce its expression level. In conclusion, our findings contribute to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating the endometrial receptivity of goats, and they provide a reference for improving embryo implantation efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom11030472
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 5
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    Differential MicroRNA Expression in Porcine Endometrium Related to Spontaneous Embryo Loss during Early Pregnancy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 15 ( 2022-07-24), p. 8157-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 15 ( 2022-07-24), p. 8157-
    Abstract: Litter size is an important indicator to measure the production capacity of commercial pigs. Spontaneous embryo loss is an essential factor in determining sow litter size. In early pregnancy, spontaneous embryo loss in porcine is as high as 20–30% during embryo implantation. However, the specific molecular mechanism underlying spontaneous embryo loss at the end of embryo implantation remains unknown. Therefore, we comprehensively used small RNA sequencing technology, bioinformatics analysis, and molecular experiments to determine the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile in the healthy and arresting embryo implantation site of porcine endometrium on day of gestation (DG) 28. A total of 464 miRNAs were identified in arresting endometrium (AE) and healthy endometrium (HE), and 139 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were screened. We combined the mRNA sequencing dataset from the SRA database to predict the target genes of these miRNAs. A quantitative real-time PCR assay identified the expression levels of miRNAs and mRNAs. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed on differentially expressed target genes of DEMs, mainly enriched in epithelial development and amino acids metabolism-related pathways. We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and the dual-luciferase report gene assay to confirm miRNA and predicted target gene binding. miR-205 may inhibit its expression by combining 3′-untranslated regions (3′ UTR) of tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like 1 (TINAGL1). The resulting inhibition of angiogenesis in the maternal endometrium ultimately leads to the formation of arresting embryos during the implantation period. This study provides a reference for the effect of miRNA on the successful implantation of pig embryos in early gestation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158157
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
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    Porcine uterine luminal fluid-derived extracellular vesicles improve conceptus-endometrial interaction during implantation
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Theriogenology Vol. 178 ( 2022-01), p. 8-17
    Details
    In: Theriogenology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 178 ( 2022-01), p. 8-17
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0093-691X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.021
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498777-6
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  • 7
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    Effect of miR-143-3p from Extracellular Vesicles of Porcine Uterine Luminal Fluid on Porcine Trophoblast Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Animals Vol. 12, No. 23 ( 2022-12-02), p. 3402-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 23 ( 2022-12-02), p. 3402-
    Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in uterine luminal fluid (ULF) can reportedly affect the proliferation and migration function of porcine trophoblast cells (PTr2 cells) by mediating the maternal–fetal exchange of information. miR-143-3p is considered a crucial miRNA in early pregnancy in mammals; however, little is currently known about how it regulates the function of PTr2 cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ssc-miR-143-3p in ULF-EVs on the function of PTr2 cells during porcine embryo implantation. The uptake of ULF-EVs by PTr2 cells was confirmed, which significantly increased the expression of ssc-miR-143-3p. Ssc-miR-143-3p was found to facilitate the proliferation and migration of PTr2 cells in the CCK-8, EdU and wound-closure assays, while the opposite findings were observed after the knockdown of ssc-miR-143-3p. Bioinformatics analysis and the luciferase reporter assay showed that glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GDP2) was directly targeted by miR-143-3p. Inhibition of miR-143-3p was validated in mice to inhibit embryo implantation. In summary, ssc-miR-143-3p in ULF-EVs affects the proliferation and migration of PTr2 cells by mediating GPD2, thereby affecting embryo implantation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani12233402
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 8
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    Dynamic miRNA Landscape Links Mammary Gland Development to the Regulation of Milk Protein Expression in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Animals Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-03-14), p. 727-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-03-14), p. 727-
    Abstract: Mammary gland morphology varies considerably between pregnancy and lactation status, e.g., virgin to pregnant and lactation to weaning. Throughout these critical developmental phases, the mammary glands undergo remodeling to accommodate changes in milk production capacity, which is positively correlated with milk protein expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in female ICR mice’s mammary glands at the virgin stage (V), day 16 of pregnancy (P16d), day 12 of lactation (L12d), day 1 of forced weaning (FW1d), and day 3 of forced weaning (FW3d), and to identify the miRNAs regulating milk protein gene expression. During the five stages of testing, 852 known miRNAs and 179 novel miRNAs were identified in the mammary glands. Based on their expression patterns, the identified miRNAs were grouped into 12 clusters. The expression pattern of cluster 1 miRNAs was opposite to that of milk protein genes in mammary glands in all five different stages. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that the predicted target genes of cluster 1 miRNAs were related to murine mammary gland development and lactation. Furthermore, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed that the novel-mmu-miR424-5p, which belongs to the cluster 1 miRNAs, was expressed in murine mammary epithelial cells. The dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that an important milk protein gene—β-casein (CSN2)—was regarded as one of the likely targets for the novel-mmu-miR424-5p. This study analyzed the expression patterns of miRNAs in murine mammary glands throughout five critical developmental stages, and discovered a novel miRNA involved in regulating the expression of CSN2. These findings contribute to an enhanced understanding of the developmental biology of mammary glands, providing guidelines for increasing lactation efficiency and milk quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani12060727
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 9
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    Table_7.XLSX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Genetics Vol. 12 ( 2021-2-24)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Genetics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-2-24)
    Abstract: Prenatal mortality remains a significant concern to the pig farming industry around the world. Spontaneous fetal loss ranging from 20 to 45% by term occur after fertilization, with most of the loss happening during the implantation period. Since the factors regulating the high mortality rates of early conceptus during implantation phases are poorly understood, we sought to analyze the overall gene expression changes during this period, and identify the molecular mechanisms involved in conceptus development. This work employed Illumina’s next-generation sequencing (RNA-Seq) and quantitative real-time PCR to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Soft clustering was subsequently used for the cluster analysis of gene expression. We identified 8236 DEGs in porcine conceptus at day 9, 12, and 15 of pregnancy. Annotation analysis of these genes revealed rRNA processing (GO:0006364), cell adhesion (GO:1904874), and heart development (GO:0007507), as the most significantly enriched biological processes at day 9, 12, and 15 of pregnancy, respectively. In addition, we found various genes, such as T-complex 1, RuvB-like AAA ATPase 2, connective tissue growth factor, integrins, interferon gamma, SLA-1, chemokine ligand 9, PAG-2, transforming growth factor beta receptor 1, and Annexin A2, that play essential roles in conceptus morphological development and implantation in pigs. Furthermore, we investigated the function of PAG-2 in vitro and found that PAG-2 can inhibit trophoblast cell proliferation and migration. Our analysis provides a valuable resource for understanding the mechanisms of conceptus development and implantation in pigs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-8021
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.584995
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.584995.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.584995.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.584995.s003
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.584995.s004
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.584995.s005
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.584995.s006
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.584995.s007
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606823-0
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  • 10
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    Refractive Index Sensor Based on the Fano Resonance in Metal–Insulator–Metal Waveguides Coupled with a Whistle-Shaped Cavity
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-09-25), p. 1592-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-09-25), p. 1592-
    Abstract: A plasmonic refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) that consist of metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguides and a whistle-shaped cavity is proposed. The transmission properties were simulated numerically by using the finite element method. The Fano resonance phenomenon can be observed in their transmission spectra, which is due to the coupling of SPPs between the transmission along the clockwise and anticlockwise directions. The refractive index-sensing properties based on the Fano resonance were investigated by changing the refractive index of the insulator of the MIM waveguide. Modulation of the structural parameters on the Fano resonance and the optics transmission properties of the coupled structure of two MIM waveguides with a whistle-shaped cavity were designed and evaluated. The results of this study will help in the design of new photonic devices and micro-sensors with high sensitivity, and can serve as a guide for future application of this structure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi13101592
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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