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  • 1
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    Supplementary material 2 from: Huang J, Guo Z, Tang S, Ren W, Chu G, Wang L, Zhao L, Yu R, Xu Y, Ding Y, Zang R (2020) Floristic composition and plant diversity in distribution areas of native species congeneric with Betula halophila in Xinjiang, northwest China. Nature Conservation 42: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.42.54735
    Pensoft Publishers ; 2020
    In:  Nature Conservation Vol. 42 ( 2020-09-18), p. 1-17
    Details
    In: Nature Conservation, Pensoft Publishers, Vol. 42 ( 2020-09-18), p. 1-17
    Abstract: Betula halophila , a wild plant with extremely small populations, is endemic to Xinjiang, northwest China. Its wild populations have declined severely in the field. Understanding the patterns of floristic composition where congeneric species of B. halophila are distributed and their determinants is a necessary step to restore the wild populations. Based on literature records, specimen information, shared public data and field survey data, the patterns of floristic composition, diversity and environmental conditions of seed flora within the distribution areas of five native species (i.e. B. tianschanica , B. microphylla , B. pendula , B. rotundifolia and B. humilis ), congeneric with B. halophila , were examined. The results are as follows. (1) There were 3013 species, 693 genera and 108 families of seed plants in the distribution area of these congeneric species of B. halophila , which accounted for 86.16%, 94.54% and 93.91% of the total seed plants in Xinjiang, respectively. (2) The family composition of seed flora in the distribution area of these congeneric species of B. halophila was mainly cosmopolitan; the genus composition of seed flora was dominated by temperate, mainly of northern temperate and Mediterranean components. (3) There are no significant differences existing in plant richness amongst the areas where each of the five congeneric species ( B. tianshchanica , B. microphylla , B. pendula , B. rotundifolia and B. humilis ) are distributed. (4) The influence of climate factors on species richness is significant across the whole distribution areas of the Betula genus, while the main environmental factors determining species richness are different amongst distribution areas of different species. Climate factors impacted significantly on species richness in distribution areas of tree species, but not in distribution areas of shrub species. This study provides a preliminary guideline for the conservation of B. halophila , a wild plant with extremely small populations in the field.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1314-3301 , 1314-6947
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.42.54735
    DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.42.54735.suppl1
    DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.42.54735.suppl2
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2667603-5
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  • 2
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    Supplementary material 1 from: Zhang Z, Zang R (2018) Diversity and distribution of food plants: Implications for conservation of the critically endangered Hainan gibbon. Nature Conservation 31: 17-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.31.27407
    Pensoft Publishers ; 2018
    In:  Nature Conservation Vol. 31 ( 2018-12-18), p. 17-33
    Details
    In: Nature Conservation, Pensoft Publishers, Vol. 31 ( 2018-12-18), p. 17-33
    Abstract: An understanding of the diversity and distribution patterns of Hainan gibbon ( Nomascushainanus ) foods is essential to its conservation. We used data from plots in various successional stages and Pinusmerkusii plantations (PF) of Bawangling National Nature Reserve (BNNR) to compare variations in food species diversity and composition amongst forest types. A total of 85 food species and 16,882 food plants individuals were found across forest types. Habitat-exclusive food species were most abundant in old growth natural forest (OGF), followed by mid-aged natural secondary forest (MSF). We did not find exclusive species in PF. For all food species, as well as each stem size class, PF displayed a lower species richness and abundance and, in addition, less similar species composition in each age class compared to secondary forests. The highest stem density and species richness were found in MSF. The abundance of food trees was higher in MSF and OGF than in young natural secondary forest. Results suggested that MSF could serve as an alternative habitat for Hainan gibbons after short-term recovery. Hainan gibbons might be limited to secondary forests older than 25 years old. PF was found to be unsuitable for Hainan gibbons.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1314-3301 , 1314-6947
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.31.27407
    DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.31.27407.suppl1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2667603-5
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  • 3
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    Changes in Plant Functional Groups during Secondary Succession in a Tropical Montane Rain Forest
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Forests Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2019-12-12), p. 1134-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2019-12-12), p. 1134-
    Abstract: Aggregating diverse plant species into a few functional groups based on functional traits provides new insights for promoting landscape planning and conserving biodiversity in species-diverse regions. Ecophysiological traits are the basis of the functioning of an ecosystem. However, studies related to the identification of functional groups based on plant ecophysiological traits in tropical forests are still scarce because of the inherent difficulties in measuring them. In this study, we measured five ecophysiological traits: net photosynthetic capacity (Amax), maximum stomatal conductance (gmax), water use efficiency (WUE), transpiration rate (Trmmol), and specific leaf areas (SLA) for 87 plant species dominant in a chronosequence of secondary succession, using four time periods (5 year-primary, 15 year-early, and 40 year-middle successional stages after clear cutting and old growth) in the tropical montane rainforest on Hainan Island, China. These species were grouped using hierarchical cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling. Finally, the changes in the composition of functional groups and species richness along the chronosequence were analyzed. Results showed that the plant species in the tropical montane rainforest could be classified into eight distinct functional groups. The richness of functional groups was low during the initial early stage and increased as the early and middle stages progressed, and then declined in the late successional stage. The dominant functional groups in the primary stages had the highest Amax, gmax, Trmmol, and SLA, as well as the lowest WUE, while those in the early and middle successional stages had functional traits at a moderate level, and at the late stage they had the lowest Amax, gmax, Trmmol, and SLA, and highest WUE. Our study showed that the diverse plant species in the tropical montane rainforest could be grouped into a few functional groups according to major ecophysiological traits, and the composition and relative abundance of different groups changed with the successional dynamics of the forest ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f10121134
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 4
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    Conspecific negative density dependence of trees varies with plant functional traits and environmental conditions across scales in a 60‐ha tropical rainforest dynamics plot
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Biotropica Vol. 53, No. 2 ( 2021-03), p. 693-702
    Details
    In: Biotropica, Wiley, Vol. 53, No. 2 ( 2021-03), p. 693-702
    Abstract: 摘要：负密度制约效应是促进植物群落物种共存的重要机制。但是，究竟什么因素可以影响负密度制约强度并不清楚。因此，本研究在热带山地雨林60公顷大样地内检验了何种因素可以影响负密度制约强度。通过点格局方法检验了负密度制约效应及其强度，并通过多元逐步回归评估了功能性状及非生物因素对负密度制约效应强度的影响。结果表明样地内89%的物种均表现出负密度制约效应且该效应随空间尺度的增加和多度的增大逐渐减少。此外，负密度制约效应还和叶片干物质含量负相关，并与物种的潜在最大高度正相关。土壤含水量、土壤速效氮含量以及土壤全钾含量是影响负密度制约效应的主要土壤因素。该研究表明，负密度制约效应在热带山地雨林普遍存在且非生物因素（土壤因素）及生物因素（功能性状、物种多度）均能够对负密度制约强度起到限制性效应。
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-3606 , 1744-7429
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/btp.v53.2
    DOI: 10.1111/btp.12910
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052061-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Patterns of local species richness and their associations with functional traits in a 60‐ha tropical forest dynamics plot
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Ecosphere Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2019-04)
    Details
    In: Ecosphere, Wiley, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2019-04)
    Abstract: Understanding the underlying mechanisms of diversity maintenance in tropics remains a challenge for ecologists. To reveal the underlying mechanism from a plant‐eye‐view perspective, we examined the patterns of local species richness which was defined as the number of species around individuals of a target species within circles of different radii and their correlations with major plant functional traits in a tropical montane rainforest. In 2012, we established a 60‐ha forest dynamics plot (FDP) in tropical montane rainforest on Hainan Island, China. In 2013, we measured eight functional traits (specific leaf area [SLA], leaf dry matter content [LDMC] , wood density, potential maximum height, leaf carbon content [LCC], leaf nitrogen content [LNC] , leaf phosphorus content [LPC], and leaf potassium content) of all the species in the FDP. Based on all the mapped individuals that had a diameter at breast height ≥10 cm, we utilized individual species–area relationships function (ISAR s ( r )) combined with the heterogeneous Poisson null model to quantify the patterns of local species richness at scales from 1 to 50 m. Regression analysis was used to determine which functional traits could influence the local diversity pattern. Results showed that the 123 ISAR s ( r ) curves were relatively similar and no species seemed to be extremely higher or lower than the average of all the ISAR s ( r ) curves. The percentage of species that behaved predominantly as accumulators or repellers or neutrally was 42.23%, 13.82%, and 43.9% at scale of 〈 30 m, respectively. But at scales ≥30 m, more than 70% of all species behaved neutrally suggesting that facilitative interactions probably occurred when neighborhoods were 〈 30 m apart. Among the eight measured traits, the SLA, LNC, and LPC were negatively associated with local species richness. Our results indicated that (1) the spatial community structure was not controlled by key species; (2) facilitative interactions played an important role in local diversity maintenance; (3) species with conservative functional trait syndromes were more likely to have relatively high local species richness in the tropical montane rainforest on Hainan Island, China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-8925 , 2150-8925
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2019.10.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2617
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2572257-8
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  • 6
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    Centres of neo- and paleo-endemism for Chinese woody flora and their environmental features
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Biological Conservation Vol. 276 ( 2022-12), p. 109817-
    Details
    In: Biological Conservation, Elsevier BV, Vol. 276 ( 2022-12), p. 109817-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-3207
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109817
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496231-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 7
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    Scaling relationships among functional traits are similar across individuals, species, and communities
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 31, No. 4 ( 2020-07), p. 571-580
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 4 ( 2020-07), p. 571-580
    Abstract: Bivariate relationships among functional traits reflect how plants adjust to environments through the allocation of limiting resources. Bivariate relationships are well studied across species, but whether the nature of these trait relationships changes across organizational levels (individual, species, community), and whether processes driving these relationships vary across these levels, is seldom explored. Location The tropical cloud forests of the Bawangling Nature Reserve, Jianfengling Nature Reserve and Limushan Nature Reserve on Hainan Island, Southern China. Methods We measured leaf mass per area (LMA), plant height (H) and wood density (WD) for 4,748 individual trees, 174 species and 48 communities in three tropical cloud forests, and recorded five soil characteristics that are important for plant growth. We evaluated bivariate relationships between these traits across the three organizational levels, and assessed the effects of soil conditions on these trait relationships. Results LMA versus H, WD versus H, and LMA versus WD were all positively and disproportionately related, suggesting differential carbon investment between leaves and stem, as well as between stem height and stem density. The slopes of these relationships did not differ significantly across the three levels, suggesting a similar allocation strategy operating at different hierarchical levels. Soil phosphorus had a significant effect on the scaling exponents across all three organizational levels, indicating that phosphorus limitation in cloud forests is a principal driver of resource allocation patterns in trees. conclusions We conclude that tropical cloud forest trees have relatively consistent scaling relationships between three primary functional traits across the individual, species, and community levels. The coordinated resource allocation strategies in plants are most likely driven by the prevailing environmental constraints.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v31.4
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12893
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 8
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    Ecological Strategy Spectra for Communities of Different Successional Stages in the Tropical Lowland Rainforest of Hainan Island
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Forests Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2022-06-22), p. 973-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2022-06-22), p. 973-
    Abstract: Plant ecological strategies are shaped by long-term adaptation to the environment and are beneficial to plant survival and reproduction. Research is ongoing to better understand how plants best allocate resources for growth, survival and reproduction, as well as how ecological strategies may shift in plant communities over the course of succession. In this study, 12 forest dynamics plots in three different successional stages were selected for study in the tropical lowland rainforest ecosystem of Hainan Island. For each plot, using Grime’s competitor, a stress-tolerator, the ruderal (CSR) scheme and using the CSR ratio tool “StrateFy”, an ecological strategy spectrum was constructed using functional trait data obtained by collecting leaf samples from all woody species. The ecological strategy spectra were compared across successional stages to reveal successional dynamics. The results showed: (1) The ecological strategy spectra varied among forest communities belonging to three different successional stages. (2) The community-weighted mean CSR (CWM-CSR) strategies shifted with succession: CWM-S values decreased, while the CWM-C and CWM-R values increased. Overall, shifts in plant functional traits occurred slowly and steadily with succession showing complex and diverse trade-offs and leading to variation among the ecological strategy spectra of different successional stages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f13070973
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 9
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    Patterns of maximum height of endemic woody seed plants in relation to environmental factors in China
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Ecosphere Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2018-06)
    Details
    In: Ecosphere, Wiley, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2018-06)
    Abstract: The maximum height of plants is an important trait determining community structure and ecosystem function. However, the variation in maximum plant height along large‐scale environmental gradients is still largely unknown. Here, data of maximum height for 2796 endemic woody seed plant species and 23 environmental variables (climate, space, and soil) were collected in China. Distribution patterns of maximum plant height were detected, and the relative importance of different environmental variables to maximum plant height was also determined. The maximum height of 2439 Chinese endemic woody seed plant species was lower than 16 m. The number of endemic woody seed plant species decreased gradually with increasing maximum plant height. At the county level, the mean maximum plant height (MMPH) of endemic woody seed plant species had an increasing trend from northwest to southeast across China. The environmental factors explained 19% of the variance in MMPH, among which climate explained more variation in MMPH than did space and soil. The most important predictors of MMPH were mean temperature of the warmest quarter, annual mean temperature, temperature seasonality, and altitude. These results demonstrate that the maximum height of endemic woody seed plants across China strongly responds to temperature. Our findings provide the first study elucidating the patterns in maximum height of Chinese endemic woody seed plants and identifying the most influential environmental factors for the variation in this trait, which will contribute to the development of sounder theory on the macropatterns of plant distribution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-8925 , 2150-8925
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2018.9.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2319
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2572257-8
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  • 10
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    Diversity maintenance mechanism changes with vegetation type and the community size in a tropical nature reserve
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Ecosphere Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2016-10)
    Details
    In: Ecosphere, Wiley, Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2016-10)
    Abstract: Species‐abundance distribution ( SAD ) is an essential tool to explain the mechanism of diversity maintenance in ecological communities. Most of the studies on diversity maintenance in a specific forest dynamics plot just consider stems with a certain minimum size class to include into the tree community to be examined. However, the species in the juvenile stage are easily disturbed by a variety of factors; here, we define the minimum stem size to tag trees in a community as the community size ( DBH mintag ), which implies that the communities with different minimum diameter at breast height ( DBH ) sizes to tag trees are tree assemblages containing tree populations of different minimum DBH . We used data from 17 1‐ha forest dynamics plots across six old‐growth forest types in a tropical nature reserve to explore diversity maintenance mechanism by SAD curves (at three levels of DBH mintag ) fitting to neutral model and niche preemption model. We found that the SAD s of the two zonal vegetation types (tropical montane rain forest and tropical lowland rain forest) were best fitted by neutral model at each level of DBH mintag ; meanwhile, the best fitted models for the four azonal vegetation types (tropical coniferous forest, tropical deciduous monsoon rain forest, tropical montane evergreen forest, and tropical montane dwarf forest) varied with DBH mintag levels, for communities with DBH mintag  ≥ 1 cm and DBH mintag  ≥ 5 cm, the fitting effect of neutral model was better than niche preemption model's for the forest dynamics plots in the four azonal vegetation types, and for communities with DBH mintag  ≥ 10 cm, the four azonal vegetation types were all best fitted by the niche model. Our results suggest that species diversity maintenance mechanisms of the two zonal vegetation types derived from the neutral model increased the predictive accuracy at each level of DBH mintag , and meanwhile, the four azonal vegetation types derived from the neutral model increased the predictive accuracy at smaller community size; however, with the increase in DBH mintag , these communities derived from the niche theory model increased the predictive accuracy. Habitat heterogeneity might be the major constraints in determining the neutral or niche process for diversity maintenance of a specific forest community.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-8925 , 2150-8925
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1526
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
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