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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Association between Wearing a Mask and COVID-19
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 17 ( 2021-08-30), p. 9131-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 17 ( 2021-08-30), p. 9131-
    Abstract: With the widespread and increasing number of cases of Coronavirus Disease (2019) globally, countries have been taking preventive measures against this pandemic. However, there is no universal agreement across cultures on whether wearing face masks are an effective physical intervention against disease transmission. We investigated the relationship between mask wearing and COVID-19 among close contacts of COVID-19 patients in the Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. In the Hiroshima Prefecture, a COVID-19 form adapted from the reporting form, “Japanese Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters”, was developed to collect data from COVID-19 patients’ close contacts under active epidemiological surveillance at Public Health Centers. The relative risk of COVID-19 for mask users versus non-mask users was calculated. A total of 820 interviewees were included in the analysis and 53.3% of them responded that they wore masks. Non-mask users were infected at a rate of 16.4%, while mask users were infected at a rate of 7.1%. Those who wore masks were infected at a rate of 0.4 times that of those who did not wear masks. (RR = 0.4, 95%CI = 0.3–0.6; Adjusted RR = 0.6, 95%CI = 0.3–0.9). These findings implied that COVID-19 could be avoided to a certain degree by wearing a mask.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179131
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Communication between Health Professionals and Community Residents in Fukushima: A Focus on the Feedback Loop
    Informa UK Limited ; 2020
    In:  Health Communication Vol. 35, No. 10 ( 2020-08-23), p. 1274-1282
    Details
    In: Health Communication, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 35, No. 10 ( 2020-08-23), p. 1274-1282
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1041-0236 , 1532-7027
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2019.1625004
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021846-1
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  • 3
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    Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections during Disasters in the Absence and Presence of COVID-19 Pandemic
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2022
    In:  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Vol. 37, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 142-144
    Details
    In: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 37, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 142-144
    Abstract: Japan recently experienced two major heavy rain disasters: the West Japan heavy rain disaster in July 2018 and the Kumamoto heavy rain disaster in July 2020. Between the occurrences of these two disasters, Japan began experiencing the wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, providing a unique opportunity to compare the incidence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) between the two disaster responses under distinct conditions. Sources for Information: The data were collected by using the standard disaster medical reporting system used in Japan, so-called the Japan-Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters (J-SPEED), which reports number and types of patients treated by Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs). Data for ARI were extracted from daily aggregated data on the J-SPEED form and the frequency of ARI in two disasters was compared. Observation: Acute respiratory infection in the West Japan heavy rain that occurred in the absence of COVID-19 and in the Kumamoto heavy rain that occurred in the presence of COVID-19 were responsible for 5.4% and 1.2% of the total consultation, respectively (P 〈 .001). Analysis of Observation and Conclusion: Between the occurrence of these two disasters, Japan implemented COVID-19 preventive measures on a personal and organizational level, such as wearing masks, disinfecting hands, maintaining social distance, improving room ventilation, and screening people who entered evacuation centers by using hygiene management checklists. By following the basic prevention measures stated above, ARI can be significantly reduced during a disaster.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1049-023X , 1945-1938
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X22000085
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2162069-6
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  • 4
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    Potential Risk Factors to COVID-19 Severity: Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Delta- and Omicron-Dominant Periods
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2024-03-10), p. 322-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2024-03-10), p. 322-
    Abstract: Background: Continued study of risk factors can inform future pandemic preparedness and response. We aimed to determine the potential risk factors of COVID-19 severity among patients admitted to the hospital during the Delta- and Omicron-dominant periods. Methods: We utilized the J-SPEED-style COVID-19 Hospital version, a pre-administered questionnaire, to collect data from hospitals in Hiroshima Prefecture between 8 August 2021 and 19 April 2022. Results: During the Delta-dominant period, patients aged over 65 (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.75–3.84), males (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.12–1.81) and with BMI exceeding 25 (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.57–2.52), diabetes (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.40–2.95), and those with fewer than two doses of vaccine (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.46–3.91) were at a greater risk of severe COVID-19 compared to those without these risk factors. During the Omicron-dominant period, significantly greater severity was observed among patients over 65 years old (OR = 3.89, 95% CI = 2.95–5.12), males (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.40–2.21), those with high blood pressure (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.02–1.65), and mental disorder (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.69–2.92) compared to patients without these risks. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that risk factors vary across different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Examining variant-specific risk factors for COVID-19 severity can aid policymakers, public health specialists, and clinicians in prioritizing screening, treatment, and vaccination efforts, especially during potential healthcare resource shortages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21030322
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    Relationship between clinical symptom profiles and COVID-19 infection status during Delta-dominant period versus Omicron-dominant period—analysis of real-world data collected in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 136 ( 2023-11), p. 92-99
    Details
    In: International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Elsevier BV, Vol. 136 ( 2023-11), p. 92-99
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1201-9712
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.09.007
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070533-5
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  • 6
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    First Activation of the WHO Emergency Medical Team Minimum Data Set in the 2019 Response to Tropical Cyclone Idai in Mozambique
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2022
    In:  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Vol. 37, No. 6 ( 2022-12), p. 727-734
    Details
    In: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 37, No. 6 ( 2022-12), p. 727-734
    Abstract: During a disaster, comprehensive, accurate, timely, and standardized health data collection is needed to improve patient care and support effective responses. In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Emergency Medical Team (EMT) Minimum Data Set (MDS) as an international standard for data collection in the context of disasters and public health emergencies. The EMT MDS was formally activated for the first time in 2019 during the response to Cyclone Idai in Mozambique. Study Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze data collected through the EMT MDS during Cyclone Idai of 2019 and to identify the benefits of and opportunities for its future use. Methods: The EMT MDS was used for data collection. All 13 international EMTs deployed from March 27 through July 12 reported data in accordance with the EMT MDS form. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. Results: A total of 18,468 consultations, including delivery of 94 live births, were recorded. For children under-five and those five-years and older, the top five reasons for consultation were minor injuries (4.5% and 10.8%, respectively), acute respiratory infections ([ARI] 12.6% and 4.8%, respectively), acute watery diarrhea (18.7% and 7.7%, respectively), malaria (9.2% and 6.1%, respectively), and skin diseases (5.1% and 3.1%, respectively). Non-disaster-related health ev ents accounted for 84.7% of the total health problems recorded. Obstetric care was among the core services provided by EMTs during the response. Conclusion: Despite of challenges, the EMT MDS reporting system was found to support the responses and coordination of EMTs. The role of the Mozambican Ministry of Health (MOH), its cooperation with EMTs, and the dedicated technical support of international organizations enabled its successful implementation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1049-023X , 1945-1938
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X22001406
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2162069-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
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    Disaster and public health emergency health data collection and management: A scoping review
    Weston Medical Publishing ; 2023
    In:  American Journal of Disaster Medicine Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2023-07-25), p. 277-285
    Details
    In: American Journal of Disaster Medicine, Weston Medical Publishing, Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2023-07-25), p. 277-285
    Abstract: Objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Emergency Medical Team (EMT) Minimum Data Set (MDS) to provide a structured, data-based approach to health data collection and management during disasters and public health emergencies. Given recent creation of the EMT MDS, we conducted a scoping review to gauge current practices surrounding health data collection and sharing in emergent settings. Design: An English-based scoping review of PubMed and Embase databases of publications before June 28, 2021. Main outcome measures: The review aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the WHO-standardized health data collection systems in the context of disasters and public health emergencies; characterize best practices regarding implementation of an MDS to improve health data collection capacity in differing settings; and highlight internationally accepted, standardized tools or methods for setting up essential public health data for disaster response. Results: A total of 8,038 citations from PubMed and Embase were imported into Covidence with 46 duplicates removed. Among these, 7,992 citations underwent title screening and abstract review, with 161 articles proceeding to full-text article review where an additional 109 articles were excluded. Fifty-two citations were included in final data abstraction. Conclusions: Findings revealed a range of critical operational, structural, and functional insights of relevance to implementation of the EMT MDS. The literature identified facilitators and barriers to collecting and storing disaster-based datasets, gaps in standardization of data collection resulting in poor data quality during the transition from the acute to post-acute phase, and best practices in the collection of EMT MDS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-149X , 1932-149X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5055/ajdm.2022.0443
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Weston Medical Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Trends in the Incidence of Sudden Deaths and Heart Diseases in Fukushima After the Great East Japan Earthquake
    International Heart Journal (Japanese Heart Journal) ; 2019
    In:  International Heart Journal Vol. 60, No. 6 ( 2019-11-30), p. 1253-1258
    Details
    In: International Heart Journal, International Heart Journal (Japanese Heart Journal), Vol. 60, No. 6 ( 2019-11-30), p. 1253-1258
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1349-2365 , 1349-3299
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1536/ihj.19-110
    Language: English
    Publisher: International Heart Journal (Japanese Heart Journal)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2202206-5
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Emergency Medical Team Response during the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake 2018: J-SPEED Data Analysis
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Vol. 38, No. 3 ( 2023-06), p. 332-337
    Details
    In: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 38, No. 3 ( 2023-06), p. 332-337
    Abstract: In the last ten years, Japan has experienced several large-scale earthquakes with devastating social and health impacts. Earthquakes directly and indirectly cause a variety of health problems. Further investigation is required to increase preparedness and preventive efforts. In response to the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake on September 6, 2018, 32 Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) employed the Japanese version of Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters (J-SPEED) as a national standard daily reporting template, gathering data on the number and type of health problems treated. Study Objective: The purpose of the study is to conduct a descriptive epidemiology study using the J-SPEED data to better understand the health problems during the earthquake disaster. Methods: Reported items in J-SPEED (Ver 1.0) form were analyzed by age, gender, and time to better understand the health issues that have arisen from the earthquake. Results: Most consultations (721; 97.6%) occurred between Day 1 and Day 13 of the 32-day EMT response. During the response period, disaster stress-related symptoms were the most common health event (15.2%), followed by wounds (14.5%) and skin diseases (7.0%). Conclusion: The most often reported health event during the response period was stress-associated illnesses related to disasters, followed by wounds and skin conditions. The health consequences of natural disasters depend on diverse local environment and population. As a result, this initial study was hard to generalize; however, it is expected that data accumulated using the J-SPEED system in the future will strengthen and extend the conclusions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1049-023X , 1945-1938
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X23000432
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2162069-6
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  • 10
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    Impact of Covid-19 in Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management System: Healthcare Workforce Management in Covid-19
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Vol. 38, No. S1 ( 2023-05), p. s203-s203
    Details
    In: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 38, No. S1 ( 2023-05), p. s203-s203
    Abstract: COVID-19 conforms to key baseline characteristics of disaster which is defined as “a situation or event that overwhelms local capacity, necessitating a request for national or international level of assistance.” Many countries faced shortages of health workforce, maldistribution, misalignment of needs and skills of healthcare workers. The research goal is to identify the country responses on the shortage of workforce, their best practices and the lessons learned that may help to better handle any similar crisis in the future. Method: The scoping review was conducted in four electronic academic databases, namely, Medline, Web of Science, EBSCO, and TRIP and 24 scientific articles were reviewed. This study is funded by the World Health Organization Centre for Health Development (WKC-HEDRM-K21001). Results: The main strategies implemented were a financial coordination mechanism, relaxing standards/rule, redeployment, recruiting volunteers, fast tracking medical students, and using other resources in the workforce such as: the recruitment of inactive healthcare workers, returnees whose registration has lapsed within the last 1-2 years and integration of internationally educated health professionals. All these strategies demonstrated advantages like establishing mutual support across nations, organizations, motivating healthcare workers, lessening the workload of healthcare workers, and creating a new staff model for the next pandemic. If a pandemic lasts longer, financial support mechanisms are no longer feasible and longer working hours result in burnout. Managing volunteers, including supervision of their safety and allocation to the area in need, required hard effort and high-level coordination, especially when a needs assessment is unavailable. Another problem was the absence of an available list of resources, including volunteers and retired medical personnel. Conclusion: To date, countries have not yet determined clear policies on how to ensure the sustainability and resilience of the workforce during major health shocks. A follow-up study investigating the strategies implemented is needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1049-023X , 1945-1938
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X23005198
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2162069-6
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