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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Robust Seasonality of Arctic Warming Processes in Two Different Versions of the MIROC GCM
    American Meteorological Society ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 27, No. 16 ( 2014-08-15), p. 6358-6375
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 27, No. 16 ( 2014-08-15), p. 6358-6375
    Abstract: It is one of the most robust projected responses of climate models to the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration that the Arctic experiences a rapid warming with a magnitude larger than the rest of the world. While many processes are proposed as important, the relative contribution of individual processes to the Arctic warming is not often investigated systematically. Feedbacks are quantified in two different versions of an atmosphere–ocean GCM under idealized transient experiments based on an energy balance analysis that extends from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. The emphasis is placed on the largest warming from late autumn to early winter (October–December) and the difference from other seasons. It is confirmed that dominating processes vary with season. In autumn, the largest contribution to the Arctic surface warming is made by a reduction of ocean heat storage and cloud radiative feedback. In the annual mean, on the other hand, it is the albedo feedback that contributes the most, with increasing ocean heat uptake to the deeper layers working as a negative feedback. While the qualitative results are robust between the two models, they differ quantitatively, indicating the need for further constraint on each process. Ocean heat uptake, lower tropospheric stability, and low-level cloud response probably require special attention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00086.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dependence of Precipitation Scaling Patterns on Emission Scenarios for Representative Concentration Pathways
    American Meteorological Society ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 26, No. 22 ( 2013-11-15), p. 8868-8879
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 26, No. 22 ( 2013-11-15), p. 8868-8879
    Abstract: Pattern scaling is an efficient way to generate projections of regional climate change for various emission scenarios. This approach assumes that the spatial pattern of changes per degree of global warming (scaling pattern) is the same among emission scenarios. The hypothesis was tested for the scaling pattern of precipitation by focusing on the scenario dependence of aerosol scaling patterns. The scenario dependence of aerosol scaling patterns induced the scenario dependence of the surface shortwave radiation scaling pattern. The scenario dependence of the surface shortwave radiation scaling pattern over the ocean tended to induce the scenario dependence of evaporation scaling patterns. The scenario dependence of evaporation scaling patterns led to the scenario dependence of precipitation scaling patterns locally and downwind. Contrariwise, when the scenario dependence of aerosol scaling patterns occurred over land, the scenario dependence of surface shortwave radiation scaling patterns induced the scenario dependence of the scaling patterns of evaporation, surface longwave radiation, and sensible heat. Consequently, the scenario dependence of evaporation scaling patterns was smaller over land, and the scenario dependence of precipitation scaling patterns tended to be insignificant. Moreover, the scenario dependence of the southern annular mode and polar amplification caused some of the scenario dependence of precipitation scaling patterns. In this study, only one global climate mode was analyzed. In addition, sensitivity experiments that remove aerosol emissions from some regions or some kinds of aerosols are ideal to separate the impacts of aerosols. Thus, an analysis of the dependencies of precipitation scaling pattern among global climate models and the sensitivity experiments are required in future work.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00540.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structural Similarities and Differences in Climate Responses to CO2 Increase between Two Perturbed Physics Ensembles
    American Meteorological Society ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2010-03-15), p. 1392-1410
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2010-03-15), p. 1392-1410
    Abstract: The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of the two perturbed physics ensembles (PPE) generated using structurally different GCMs, Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC3.2) and the Third Hadley Centre Atmospheric Model with slab ocean (HadSM3), is investigated. A method to quantify the shortwave (SW) cloud feedback by clouds with different cloud-top pressure is developed. It is found that the difference in the ensemble means of the ECS between the two ensembles is mainly caused by differences in the SW low-level cloud feedback. The ensemble mean SW cloud feedback and ECS of the MIROC3.2 ensemble is larger than that of the HadSM3 ensemble. This is likely related to the 1XCO2 low-level cloud albedo of the former being larger than that of the latter. It is also found that the largest contribution to the within-ensemble variation of ECS comes from the SW low-level cloud feedback in both ensembles. The mechanism that causes the within-ensemble variation is different between the two ensembles. In the HadSM3 ensemble, members with large 1XCO2 low-level cloud albedo have large SW cloud feedback and large ECS; ensemble members with large 1XCO2 cloud cover have large negative SW cloud feedback and relatively low ECS. In the MIROC3.2 ensemble, the 1XCO2 low-level cloud albedo is much more tightly constrained, and no relationship is found between it and the cloud feedback. These results indicate that both the parametric uncertainties sampled in PPEs and the structural uncertainties of GCMs are important and worth further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2009JCLI2917.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using a Multiphysics Ensemble for Exploring Diversity in Cloud–Shortwave Feedback in GCMs
    American Meteorological Society ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 25, No. 15 ( 2012-08-01), p. 5416-5431
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 25, No. 15 ( 2012-08-01), p. 5416-5431
    Abstract: This study proposes a systematic approach to investigate cloud-radiative feedbacks to climate change induced by an increase of CO2 concentrations in global climate models (GCMs). Based on two versions of the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC), which have opposite signs for cloud–shortwave feedback (ΔSWcld) and hence different equilibrium climate sensitivities (ECSs), hybrid models are constructed by replacing one or more parameterization schemes for cumulus convection, cloud, and turbulence between them. An ensemble of climate change simulations using a suite of eight models, called a multiphysics ensemble (MPE), is generated. The MPE provides a range of ECS as wide as the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multimodel ensemble and reveals a different magnitude and sign of ΔSWcld over the tropics, which is crucial for determining ECS. It is found that no single process controls ΔSWcld, but that the coupling of two processes does. Namely, changing the cloud and turbulence schemes greatly alters the mean and the response of low clouds, whereas replacing the convection and cloud schemes affects low and middle clouds over the convective region. For each of the circulation regimes, ΔSWcld and cloud changes in the MPE have a nonlinear, but systematic, relationship with the mean cloud amount, which can be constrained from satellite estimates. The analysis suggests a positive feedback over the subsidence regime and a near-neutral or weak negative ΔSWcld over the convective regime in these model configurations, which, however, may not be carried into other models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00564.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Importance of Ocean Dynamical Feedback for Understanding the Impact of Mid–High-Latitude Warming on Tropical Precipitation Change
    American Meteorological Society ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2018-03-15), p. 2417-2434
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2018-03-15), p. 2417-2434
    Abstract: It has been shown that asymmetric warming between the Northern and Southern Hemisphere extratropics induces a meridional displacement of tropical precipitation. This shift is believed to be due to the extra energy transported from the differentially heated hemisphere through changes in the Hadley circulation. Generally, the column-integrated energy flux in the mean meridional overturning circulation follows the direction of the upper, relatively dry branch, and tropical precipitation tends to be intensified in the hemisphere with greater warming. This framework was originally applied to simulations that did not include ocean dynamical feedback, but was recently extended to take the ocean heat transport change into account. In the current study, an atmosphere–ocean general circulation model applied with a regional nudging technique is used to investigate the impact of extratropical warming on tropical precipitation change under realistic future climate projections. It is shown that warming at latitudes poleward of 40° causes the northward displacement of tropical precipitation from October to January. Warming at latitudes poleward of 60° alone has a much smaller effect. This change in the tropical precipitation is largely explained by the atmospheric moisture transport caused by changes in the atmospheric circulation. The larger change in ocean heat transport near the equator, relative to the atmosphere, is consistent with the extended energy framework. The current study provides a complementary dynamical framework that highlights the importance of midlatitude atmospheric eddies and equatorial ocean upwelling, where the atmospheric eddy feedback modifies the Hadley circulation resulting in the northward migration of precipitation and the ocean dynamical feedback damps the northward migration from the equator.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0402.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0402.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An energy budget framework to understand mechanisms of land–ocean warming contrast induced by increasing greenhouse gases Part I: Near-equilibrium state
    American Meteorological Society ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Climate ( 2021-09-09), p. 1-63
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, ( 2021-09-09), p. 1-63
    Abstract: Modeling studies have shown that surface air temperature (SAT) increase in response to an increase in the atmospheric CO 2 concentration is larger over land than over ocean. This so-called land–ocean warming contrast, φ , defined as the land–mean SAT change divided by the ocean-mean SAT change, is a striking feature of global warming. Small heat capacity over land is unlikely the sole cause because the land-ocean warming contrast is found in the equilibrium state of CO 2 doubling experiments. Several different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the land–ocean warming contrast, but the comprehensive understanding has not yet been obtained. In Part I of this study, we propose a framework to diagnose φ based on energy budgets at the top of atmosphere and for the atmosphere, which enables the decomposition of contributions from effective radiative forcing (ERF), climate feedback, heat capacity, and atmospheric energy transport anomaly to φ . Using this framework, we analyzed the SAT response to an abrupt CO 2 quadrupling using 15 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Earth system models. In the near-equilibrium state (years 121-150), φ is 1.49 ± 0.11, which is primarily induced by the land–ocean difference in ERF and heat capacity. We found that contributions from ERF, feedback, and energy transport anomaly tend to cancel each other, leading to a small inter-model spread of φ compared to the large spread of individual components. In the equilibrium state without heat capacity contribution, ERF and energy transport anomaly are the major contributors to φ , which shows a weak negative correlation with the equilibrium climate sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0302.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0302.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    State dependence of climatic instability over the past 720,000 years from Antarctic ice cores and climate modeling
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2017
    In:  Science Advances Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2017-02-03)
    Details
    In: Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2017-02-03)
    Abstract: Climatic variabilities on millennial and longer time scales with a bipolar seesaw pattern have been documented in paleoclimatic records, but their frequencies, relationships with mean climatic state, and mechanisms remain unclear. Understanding the processes and sensitivities that underlie these changes will underpin better understanding of the climate system and projections of its future change. We investigate the long-term characteristics of climatic variability using a new ice-core record from Dome Fuji, East Antarctica, combined with an existing long record from the Dome C ice core. Antarctic warming events over the past 720,000 years are most frequent when the Antarctic temperature is slightly below average on orbital time scales, equivalent to an intermediate climate during glacial periods, whereas interglacial and fully glaciated climates are unfavourable for a millennial-scale bipolar seesaw. Numerical experiments using a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model with freshwater hosing in the northern North Atlantic showed that climate becomes most unstable in intermediate glacial conditions associated with large changes in sea ice and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Model sensitivity experiments suggest that the prerequisite for the most frequent climate instability with bipolar seesaw pattern during the late Pleistocene era is associated with reduced atmospheric CO 2 concentration via global cooling and sea ice formation in the North Atlantic, in addition to extended Northern Hemisphere ice sheets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2375-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600446
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2810933-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fast and slow timescales in the tropical low-cloud response to increasing CO2 in two climate models
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2012
    In:  Climate Dynamics Vol. 39, No. 7-8 ( 2012-10), p. 1627-1641
    Details
    In: Climate Dynamics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 39, No. 7-8 ( 2012-10), p. 1627-1641
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0930-7575 , 1432-0894
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00382-011-1178-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 382992-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471747-5
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The cloud radiative effect on the atmospheric energy budget and global mean precipitation
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  Climate Dynamics Vol. 44, No. 7-8 ( 2015-4), p. 2301-2325
    Details
    In: Climate Dynamics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 44, No. 7-8 ( 2015-4), p. 2301-2325
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0930-7575 , 1432-0894
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00382-014-2174-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 382992-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471747-5
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Erratum to: The cloud radiative effect on the atmospheric energy budget and global mean precipitation
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  Climate Dynamics Vol. 44, No. 7-8 ( 2015-4), p. 2327-2327
    Details
    In: Climate Dynamics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 44, No. 7-8 ( 2015-4), p. 2327-2327
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0930-7575 , 1432-0894
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00382-014-2311-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 382992-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471747-5
    SSG: 16,13
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