In:
Phytotherapy Research, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 10 ( 2014-10), p. 1447-1455
Abstract:
Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer ( P . ginseng ), hereafter referred to as P. ginseng , is known to exert a wide range of pharmacological effects both in vitro and in vivo ; however, few studies have investigated the effects of ginseng on bone metabolism. We therefore investigated the potential antiosteoporotic properties of ginseng on the growth and differentiation of murine MC3T3‐E1 cells. Rg5:Rk1 is a mixture of protopanaxadiol‐type ginsenosides, isolated from fresh P. ginseng root, via a repetitive steaming and drying process. In this study, we examined the stimulatory effects of Rg5:Rk1 on the differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3‐E1 cells. Undifferentiated cells were treated with a range of concentrations of Rg5:Rk1 (1–50 µg/mL), and cell viability was measured with the 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐thiazol‐2yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Treatment with Rg5:Rk1 significantly increased cell viability in a dose‐dependent manner. To investigate the possible mechanisms by which Rg5:Rk1 affects the early differentiation phase of MC3T3‐E1 cells, the cells were treated with Rg5:Rk1 for 14–24 days before assessing the levels of multiple osteoblastic markers. The markers examined included alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity type I collagen content (Coll‐I), calcium deposition (by Alizarin Red S staining), extracellular mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), and the level of Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Rg5:Rk1 treatment also increased the activities of proteins associated with osteoblast growth and differentiation in a dose‐dependent manner. Overall, we found that the Rg5:Rk1 mixture of ginsenosides improved the osteoblastic function of MC3T3‐E1 cells by increasing their proliferative capacity. This improvement is due to the action of Rg5:Rk1 on BMP‐2, which is mediated by Runx2‐dependent pathways. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0951-418X
,
1099-1573
Language:
English
Publisher:
Wiley
Publication Date:
2014
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1493490-5
SSG:
15,3
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