In:
Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-08-08)
Abstract:
We investigated the characteristics and functionalities of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (previously Lactobacillus plantarum ) towards host immune cells. L . plantarum produces EVs that have a cytoplasmic membrane and contain cytoplasmic metabolites, membrane and cytoplasmic proteins, and small RNAs, but not bacterial cell wall components, namely, lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan. In the presence of L . plantarum EVs, Raw264 cells inducibly produced the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and IF-γ and IL-12, which are involved in the differentiation of naive T-helper cells into T-helper type 1 cells. IgA was produced by PP cells following the addition of EVs. Therefore, L . plantarum EVs activated innate and acquired immune responses. L . plantarum EVs are recognized by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which activates NF-κB, but not by other TLRs or NOD-like receptors. N -acylated peptides from lipoprotein19180 (Lp19180) in L . plantarum EVs were identified as novel TLR2 ligands. Therefore, L . plantarum induces an immunostimulation though the TLR2 recognition of the N -acylated amino acid moiety of Lp19180 in EVs. Additionally, we detected a large amount of EVs in the rat gastrointestinal tract for the first time, suggesting that EVs released by probiotics function as a modulator of intestinal immunity.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
2045-2322
DOI:
10.1038/s41598-022-17629-7
Language:
English
Publisher:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Publication Date:
2022
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2615211-3
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