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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aerosol forcing of the position of the intertropical convergence zone since ad 1550
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  Nature Geoscience Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2015-3), p. 195-200
    Details
    In: Nature Geoscience, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2015-3), p. 195-200
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1752-0894 , 1752-0908
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2353
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2405323-5
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 2
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    DataSheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Oncology Vol. 13 ( 2023-8-23)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Oncology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2023-8-23)
    Abstract: To predict treatment response and 2 years overall survival (OS) of radio-chemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer (EC) by radiomics based on the computed tomography (CT) images. Methods This study retrospectively collected 171 nonsurgical EC patients treated with radio-chemotherapy from Jan 2010 to Jan 2019. 80 patients were randomly divided into training (n=64) and validation (n=16) cohorts to predict the radiochemotherapy response. The models predicting treatment response were established by Lasso and logistic regression. A total of 156 patients were allocated into the training cohort (n=110), validation cohort (n=23) and test set (n=23) to predict 2-year OS. The Lasso Cox model and Cox proportional hazards model established the models predicting 2-year OS. Results To predict the radiochemotherapy response, WFK as a radiomics feature, and clinical stages and clinical M stages (cM) as clinical features were selected to construct the clinical-radiomics model, achieving 0.78 and 0.75 AUC (area under the curve) in the training and validation sets, respectively. Furthermore, radiomics features called WFI and WGI combined with clinical features (smoking index, pathological types, cM) were the optimal predictors to predict 2-year OS. The AUC values of the clinical-radiomics model were 0.71 and 0.70 in the training set and validation set, respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrated that planning CT-based radiomics showed the predictability of the radiochemotherapy response and 2-year OS in nonsurgical esophageal carcinoma. The predictive results prior to treatment have the potential to assist physicians in choosing the optimal therapeutic strategy to prolong overall survival.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2234-943X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1219106
    DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1219106.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2649216-7
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  • 3
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    Spatial–temporal characterization of rainfall in Pakistan during the past half-century (1961–2020)
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-03-25)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-03-25)
    Abstract: Spatial–temporal rainfall assessments are integral to climate/hydrological modeling, agricultural studies, and water resource planning and management. Herein, we evaluate spatial–temporal rainfall trends and patterns in Pakistan for 1961–2020 using nationwide data from 82 rainfall stations. To assess optimal spatial distribution and rainfall characterization, twenty-seven interpolation techniques from geo-statistical and deterministic categories were systematically compared, revealing that the empirical Bayesian kriging regression prediction (EBKRP) technique was best. Hence, EBKRP was used to produce and utilize the first normal annual rainfall map of Pakistan for evaluating spatial rainfall patterns. While the largest under-prediction was estimated for Hunza (− 51%), the highest and lowest rainfalls were estimated for Malam Jaba in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (~  1700 mm), and Nok-kundi in Balochistan province (~  50 mm), respectively. A gradual south-to-north increase in rainfall was spatially evident with an areal average of 455 mm, while long-term temporal rainfall evaluation showed a statistically significant ( p  = 0.05) downward trend for Sindh province. Additionally, downward inter-decadal regime shifts were detected for the Punjab and Sindh provinces (90% confidence). These results are expected to help inform environmental planning in Pakistan; moreover, the rainfall data produced using the optimal method has further implications in several aforementioned fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86412-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Complex climate and network effects on internal migration in South Africa revealed by a network model
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Population and Environment Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. 289-318
    Details
    In: Population and Environment, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. 289-318
    Abstract: Climate variability and climate change influence human migration both directly and indirectly through a variety of channels that are controlled by individual and household socioeconomic, cultural, and psychological processes as well as public policies and network effects. Characterizing and predicting migration flows are thus extremely complex and challenging. Among the quantitative methods available for predicting such flows is the widely used gravity model that ignores the network autocorrelation among flows and thus may lead to biased estimation of the climate effects of interest. In this study, we use a network model, the additive and multiplicative effects model for network (AMEN), to investigate the effects of climate variability, migrant networks, and their interactions on South African internal migration. Our results indicate that prior migrant networks have a significant influence on migration and can modify the association between climate variability and migration flows. We also reveal an otherwise obscure difference in responses to these effects between migrants moving to urban and non-urban destinations. With different metrics, we discover diverse drought effects on these migrants; for example, the negative standardized precipitation index (SPI) with a timescale of 12 months affects the non-urban-oriented migrants’ destination choices more than the rainy season rainfall deficit or soil moisture do. Moreover, we find that socioeconomic factors such as the unemployment rate are more significant to urban-oriented migrants, while some unobserved factors, possibly including the abolition of apartheid policies, appear to be more important to non-urban-oriented migrants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0199-0039 , 1573-7810
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11111-021-00392-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
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    SSG: 3,4
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  • 5
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    Climate Change, Drought, and Potential Environmental Migration Flows Under Different Policy Scenarios
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  International Migration Review Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2023-03), p. 36-67
    Details
    In: International Migration Review, SAGE Publications, Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2023-03), p. 36-67
    Abstract: Unmitigated climate change will likely produce major problems for human populations worldwide. Although many researchers and policy-makers believe that drought may be an important “push” factor underlying migration in the future, the precise relationship between drought and migration remains unclear. This article models the potential scope of such movements for the emissions policy choices facing all nation-states today. Applying insights from climate science and computational modeling to migration research, we examine the likely surge of drought-induced migration and assess the prospects of different policy scenarios to mitigate involuntary displacement. Using an ensemble of 16 climate models in conjunction with high-resolution geospatial population data and different policy scenarios, we generate drought projections worldwide and estimate the potential for internal and international population movement due to extreme droughts through the remainder of the 21 st century. Our simulations suggest that a potential for drought-induced migration increases by approximately 200 percent under the current international policy scenario (corresponding to the current Paris Agreement targets). In contrast, total migration increases by almost 500 percent, should current international cooperation fail and should unrestricted policies toward greenhouse gas emissions prevail. We argue that despite the continued growth projections of drought-induced migration in all cases, international cooperation on climate change can substantially reduce the global potential for such migration, in contrast to unilateral policy approaches to energy demands. This article highlights the importance of modeling future environmental migrations, in order to manage the pressures and unprecedented policy challenges which are expected to dramatically increase under conditions of unmitigated climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0197-9183 , 1747-7379
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/01979183221079850
    RVK:
    PR 1000
    RVK:
    MN 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052202-2
    SSG: 7,36
    SSG: 3,4
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  • 6
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    Table_1.DOCX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Medicine Vol. 8 ( 2021-11-12)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-11-12)
    Abstract: Objectives: To develop and validate the model for distinguishing brain abscess from cystic glioma by combining deep transfer learning (DTL) features and hand-crafted radiomics (HCR) features in conventional T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). Methods: This single-center retrospective analysis involved 188 patients with pathologically proven brain abscess (102) or cystic glioma (86). One thousand DTL and 105 HCR features were extracted from the T1WI and T2WI of the patients. Three feature selection methods and four classifiers, such as k-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest classifier (RFC), logistic regression (LR), and support vector machine (SVM), for distinguishing brain abscess from cystic glioma were compared. The best feature combination and classifier were chosen according to the quantitative metrics including area under the curve (AUC), Youden Index, and accuracy. Results: In most cases, deep learning-based radiomics (DLR) features, i.e., DTL features combined with HCR features, contributed to a higher accuracy than HCR and DTL features alone for distinguishing brain abscesses from cystic gliomas. The AUC values of the model established, based on the DLR features in T2WI, were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.91) in the training cohort and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.95) in the test cohort, respectively. Conclusions: The model established with the DLR features can distinguish brain abscess from cystic glioma efficiently, providing a useful, inexpensive, convenient, and non-invasive method for differential diagnosis. This is the first time that conventional MRI radiomics is applied to identify these diseases. Also, the combination of HCR and DTL features can lead to get impressive performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-858X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.748144
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.748144.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.748144.s002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
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    Climate Impacts, Political Institutions, and Leader Survival: Effects of Droughts and Flooding Precipitation
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Economics of Disasters and Climate Change Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2018-7), p. 181-201
    Details
    In: Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2018-7), p. 181-201
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2511-1280 , 2511-1299
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s41885-018-0024-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2877901-0
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  • 8
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    The relative importance of climate change and population growth for exposure to future extreme droughts
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2016
    In:  Climatic Change Vol. 138, No. 1-2 ( 2016-9), p. 41-53
    Details
    In: Climatic Change, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 138, No. 1-2 ( 2016-9), p. 41-53
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0165-0009 , 1573-1480
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1716-z
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 751086-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477652-2
    SSG: 14
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  • 9
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    Intercomparisons of Air–Sea Heat Fluxes over the Southern Ocean
    American Meteorological Society ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2011-02-15), p. 1198-1211
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2011-02-15), p. 1198-1211
    Abstract: Consistency and discrepancy of air–sea latent and sensible heat fluxes (LHF and SHF, respectively) in the Southern Ocean for current-day flux products are analyzed from climatology and interannual-to-decadal variability perspectives. Five flux products are examined, including the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton flux dataset version 2 (NOCS2), the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Department of Energy Global Reanalysis 2 (NCEP-2), the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-40), the Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Data version 3 (HOAPS-3), and the objectively analyzed air–sea fluxes (OAFlux). Comparisons suggest that most datasets show encouraging agreement in the spatial distribution of the annual-mean LHF, the meridional profile of the zonal-averaged LHF, the leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of the LHF and SHF, and the large-scale response of the LHF and SHF to the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, substantial spatiotemporal discrepancies are noteworthy. The largest across-data scatter is found in the central Indian sector of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) for the annual-mean LHF, and in the Atlantic and Indian sectors of the ACC for the annual-mean SHF, which is comparable to and even larger than their respective interannual variability. The zonal mean of the SHF varies widely across the datasets in the ACC. There is a large spread in the seasonal cycle for the LHF and SHF among the datasets, particularly in the cold season. The datasets show interannual variability of various amplitudes and decadal trends of different signs. The flux variability of the NOCS2 is substantially different from the other datasets. Possible attributions of the identified discrepancies for these flux products are discussed based on the availability of the input meteorological state variables.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2010JCLI3699.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2011
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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