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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nucleus Accumbens Surgery for Addiction
    Elsevier BV ; 2013
    In:  World Neurosurgery Vol. 80, No. 3-4 ( 2013-09), p. S28.e9-S28.e19
    Details
    In: World Neurosurgery, Elsevier BV, Vol. 80, No. 3-4 ( 2013-09), p. S28.e9-S28.e19
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1878-8750
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2012.10.007
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2530041-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-Term Changes in Drug Craving and Nutritional Status of Opioid Addicts with Nucleus Accumbens Ablative Stereotactic Neurosurgery at Five Years Postoperatively
    S. Karger AG ; 2015
    In:  Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Vol. 93, No. 6 ( 2015), p. 407-414
    Details
    In: Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, S. Karger AG, Vol. 93, No. 6 ( 2015), p. 407-414
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) has been proven to be associated with drug and food craving. NAcc ablative neurosurgery has been suggested to modulate the balance of the brain reward system and thus alleviate drug dependence in patients. It has been hypothesized that it would also alleviate food craving in patients as well as altering their nutritional status. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Aims: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 This study aimed to estimate the effect of NAcc neurosurgery on drug craving and nutritional status in patients with drug dependence at 5 years postoperatively. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The study included 100 patients with NAcc surgery and 92 patients without surgery. Body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) were examined to assess nutritional status, and questionnaires were administered to assess drug craving. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Compared with the nonsurgery group and the relapse patients from the surgery group, the nonrelapse patients from the surgery group had higher BMI and BF% but lower drug craving. There were no significant differences between the nonsurgery group and the relapse patients in BMI, but the relapse patients had higher drug craving than the nonsurgery group. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Long-term follow-up suggested that NAcc ablative neurosurgery would alleviate drug craving and yield a better nutritional status if individuals sustained abstinence. It would increase drug craving but would not ruin the nutritional status of patients even when individuals relapsed postoperatively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1011-6125 , 1423-0372
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000441392
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483576-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Convective Heating in Tropical Cyclone Eyewall Ring Evolution
    American Meteorological Society ; 2016
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 73, No. 1 ( 2016-01-01), p. 319-330
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 73, No. 1 ( 2016-01-01), p. 319-330
    Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of diabatic heating in tropical cyclone ring structure evolution. A full-physics three-dimensional modeling framework is used to compare the results with two-dimensional modeling approaches and to point to limitations of the barotropic instability theory in predicting the storm vorticity structure configuration. A potential vorticity budget analysis reveals that diabatic heating is a leading-order term and that it is largely offset by potential vorticity advection. Sawyer–Eliassen integrations are used to diagnose the secondary circulation (and corresponding vorticity tendency) forced by prescribed heating. These integrations suggest that diabatic heating forces a secondary circulation (and associated vorticity tendency) that helps maintain the original ring structure in a feedback process. Sensitivity experiments of the Sawyer–Eliassen model reveal that the magnitude of the vorticity tendency is proportional to that of the prescribed heating, indicating that diabatic heating plays a critical role in adjusting and maintaining the eyewall ring.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-4928 , 1520-0469
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0085.1
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218351-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025890-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the Correlation between Total Condensate and Moist Heating in Tropical Cyclones and Applications for Diagnosing Intensity
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Monthly Weather Review Vol. 147, No. 10 ( 2019-10-01), p. 3759-3784
    Details
    In: Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 147, No. 10 ( 2019-10-01), p. 3759-3784
    Abstract: While the transfer of moist enthalpy from the ocean to the atmosphere is the fundamental energy source for tropical cyclones, the release of latent heat in moist convection is the mechanism by which this energy is converted into the kinetic and potential energy of these storms. Most observational estimates of this heat release rely on satellite estimates of rain rate. Here, examination of five high-resolution numerical simulations of tropical cyclones reveals that there is a close correlation between the total condensate and the total heating, even though the former quantity is an amount and the latter is a rate. This relationship is due to the fact that for condensate to be sustained at large values, it must be rapidly replaced by new condensate and associated latent heating. Total condensate and total rain rate within fixed radial distances such as 111 km also show good correlations with the current intensity of the storm, but surprisingly, high values of condensate at high altitudes and close to the storm center are not good predictors of imminent intensification. These relationships are confirmed with an additional ensemble of 270 idealized simulations of tropical cyclones with varying sizes and intensities. Finally, simulated measurements of total condensate are computed from narrow swaths modeled after the cloud profiling radar on the CloudSat satellite. Despite their narrow footprint and the fact that they rarely cut through the exact center of the cyclone, these estimates of total condensate also show a useful correlation with current intensity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-0644 , 1520-0493
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-19-0010.1
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033056-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 202616-8
    SSG: 14
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using Satellite Observations to Evaluate the Relationships between Ice Condensate, Latent Heat Release, and Tropical Cyclone Intensification in a Mesoscale Model
    American Meteorological Society ; 2021
    In:  Monthly Weather Review Vol. 149, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 113-129
    Details
    In: Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 149, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 113-129
    Abstract: This study examines the relationship between frozen hydrometeors and latent heating in model simulations and evaluates the capability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to reproduce the observed frozen hydrometeors and their relationship to tropical cyclone (TC) intensification. Previous modeling studies have emphasized the importance of both the amount and location of latent heating in modulating the evolution of TC intensity. However, the lack of observations limits a full understanding of its importance in the real atmosphere. Idealized simulations using WRF indicate that latent heating is strongly correlated to the amount of ice water content, suggesting that ice water content can serve as an observable proxy for latent heat release in the mid- to upper troposphere. Based on this result, satellite observations are used to create storm-centered composites of ice water path as a function of TC intensity. The model reasonably captures the vertical and horizontal distribution of ice water content and its dependence upon TC intensity, with differences typically less than 20%. The model also captures the signature of increased ice water content for intensifying TCs, suggesting that observations of ice water content provide a useful diagnostic for understanding and evaluating model simulations of TC intensification.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-0644 , 1520-0493
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-19-0348.1
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033056-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 202616-8
    SSG: 14
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Observing the Diurnal Cycle of Coastal Rainfall over Western Puerto Rico in Collaboration with University of Puerto Rico Students
    American Meteorological Society ; 2023
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 104, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. E305-E324
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 104, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. E305-E324
    Abstract: The diurnal cycle of coastal rainfall over western Puerto Rico was studied with high-frequency radiosondes launched by undergraduate students at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez (UPRM). Thirty radiosondes were launched during a 3-week period as part of NASA’s Convective Processes Experiment—Aerosols and Winds (CPEX-AW) field project. The objective of the radiosonde launches over Puerto Rico was to understand the evolution of coastal convective systems that are often challenging to predict. Four different events were sampled: 1) a short-lived rainfall event during a Saharan air dust outbreak, 2) a 2-day period of limited rainfall activity under northeasterly wind conditions, 3) a 2-day period of heavy rainfall over land, and 4) a 2-day period of long-lived rainfall events that initiated over land and propagated offshore during the evening hours. The radiosondes captured the sea-breeze onset during the midmorning hours, an erosion of lower-tropospheric inversions, and substantial differences in column humidity between the four events. All radiosondes were launched by volunteer undergraduate students who were able to participate in person, while the coordination was done virtually with lead scientists located in Puerto Rico, Oklahoma, and Saint Croix. Overall, this initiative highlighted the importance of student–scientist collaboration in collecting critical observations to better understand complex atmospheric processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0322.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Primary Decompressive Craniectomy on the Outcomes of Serious Traumatic Brain Injury with Mass Lesions, and Independent Predictors of Operation Decision
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  World Neurosurgery Vol. 148 ( 2021-04), p. e396-e405
    Details
    In: World Neurosurgery, Elsevier BV, Vol. 148 ( 2021-04), p. e396-e405
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1878-8750
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.12.158
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2530041-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pre-operative external ventricle drainage improves neurological outcomes for patients with traumatic intracerebellar hematomas
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Neurology Vol. 13 ( 2022-10-18)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Neurology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-10-18)
    Abstract: Traumatic intracerebellar hematoma (TICH) is a very rare entity with a high morbidity and mortality rate, and there is no consensus on its optimal surgical management. In particular, whether and when to place external ventricle drainage in TICH patients without acute hydrocephalus pre-operation is still controversial. Methods A single-institutional, retrospective analysis of total of 47 TICH patients with craniectomy hematoma evacuation in a tertiary medical center from January 2009 to October 2020 was performed. Primary outcomes were mortality in hospital and neurological function evaluated by GOS at discharge and 6 months after the ictus. Special attention was paid to the significance of external ventricular drainage (EVD) in TICH patients without acute hydrocephalus on admission. Results Analysis of the clinical characteristics of the TICH patients revealed that the odds of use of EVD were seen in patients with IVH, fourth ventricle compression, and acute hydrocephalus. Placement of EVD at the bedside can significantly improve the GCS score before craniotomy, as well as the neurological score at discharge and 6 months. Compared with the only hematoma evacuation (HE) group, there is a trend that EVD can reduce hospital mortality and decrease the occurrence of delayed hydrocephalus, although the difference is not statistically significant. In addition, EVD can reduce the average NICU stay time, but has no effect on the total length of stay. Moreover, our data showed that EVD did not increase the risk of associated bleeding and intracranial infection. Interestingly, in terms of neurological function at discharge and 6 month after the ictus, even though without acute hydrocephalus on admission, the TICH patients can still benefit from EVD insertion. Conclusion For TICH patients, perioperative EVD is safe and can significantly improve neurological prognosis. Especially for patients whose GCS dropped by more than 2 points before the operation, EVD can significantly improve the patient's GCS score, reduce the risk of herniation, and gain more time for surgical preparation. Even for TICH patients without acute hydrocephalus on admission CT scan, EVD placement still has positive clinical significance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-2295
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1006227
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564214-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Acute Respiratory Failure in Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 14 ( 2022-07-10), p. 3995-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 14 ( 2022-07-10), p. 3995-
    Abstract: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) with a high incidence among moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (M-STBI) patients plays a pivotal role in worsening neurological outcomes. Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) is highly prevalent in M-STBI, which is associated with significant adverse outcomes. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to explore the association between the severity of the tSAH and ARF in the M-STBI population. A total of 771 subjects were reviewed. Clinical and neuroimaging data of M-STBI patients were retrospectively collected, and ARF was ascertained retrospectively based on their electronic medical record. The degree of tSAH was classified according to Fisher’s criteria, and the grade of tSAH was dichotomized to a low Fisher grade (Fisher grade 1–2) and a high Fisher grade (Fisher grade 3–4). After exclusion procedures, the data of 695 M-STBI patients were analyzed. A total of 284 (30.8%) had a high Fisher grade on admission. The overall rate of ARF within 48 h upon admission was 34.4% (239/695); it was 29.5% (142/481) and 46.3% (99/214) for the low and high Fisher groups, respectively. In a full cohort, a high Fisher grade was associated with ARF after adjusting for age, gender, GCS, smoking history, comorbidities, multiple injuries, characteristics of TBI, and pulmonary factors (OR 1.78; 95% CI, 1.11–2.85, p = 0.016). This result remained robust in the comparisons after PSM (71/132, 42.8% vs. 53/132, 31.9%; OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.02–2.49, p = 0.042). A high Fisher SAH grade exposure on admission is associated with ARF in M-STBI patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11143995
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neurochemical features of enkephalinergic neurons in the mouse trigeminal subnucleus caudalis
    Elsevier BV ; 2011
    In:  Neurochemistry International Vol. 58, No. 1 ( 2011-1), p. 44-51
    Details
    In: Neurochemistry International, Elsevier BV, Vol. 58, No. 1 ( 2011-1), p. 44-51
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0197-0186
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.10.008
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500654-2
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